2024年高考英語外刊時文精讀專題15青少年近視

PAGEPAGE12024年高考英語外刊時文精讀精練(15)Short-sightedness:Protectingthepupils近視：愛護學生主題語境：人與自我主題語境內(nèi)容：健康的生活方式【外刊原文】（斜體單詞為超綱詞匯，相識即可；下劃線單詞為課標詞匯，需熟記。）Fewthingscomewithnodownsidesatall.Richcountrieshavealmost

completely

banished

infectious

diseases

suchas

tuberculosis(結(jié)核病),

cholera(霍亂)

and

malaria(瘧疾).Instead,theirhealth

ministries

spendmuchoftheirtimeworryingaboutillnessescausedbywealth.Cheap,highcaloriefoodhas

abolished

starvation

intherichworld,butitalsoencourages

diabetes(糖尿病).White-collar

jobsareless

tiringthan

physical

work.Theyalsopromote

obesity

andheartdisease.Eveneducationisnotalwaysgood.Overthepastfewdecades,EastAsiahasseena

stunning

riseintherateofshort-sightedness.Andagrowing

pile

of

evidence

suggeststhatthemain

reasonforthisiseducation—specifically,thefactthatchildrenspendlargepartsofthedayin

relatively

darkclassrooms.

Beforethelongeconomicboomsthatbeganinthe

1960s,

short-sightedness

was

uncommon

inEastAsia.Thesedays,amongtheyoung,itisalmost

widespread.InSeoulovernineintenyoungmenareshort-sighted.China,whichbeganitseconomicriselater,is

catching

up.Datashow

short-sightedness

ratesamongyoungpeopleofabout

80%.

IfEastAsiaisthecentreofthe

epidemic(流行病),theWestisnot

immune.Gooddataarehardertocomeby.Butstudiessuggestratesofbetween

20%and

40%inEurope,higherthanthenaturalstateofaffairs.OnestudyinCaliforniafoundarateof

59%among

17-to

19-year-olds.Thereare,

admittedly,worsethingsto

suffer

from.Butshort-sightednessisnotalwaysharmless.

Glasses

and

contact

lenses(隱形眼鏡)

areanexpensive,

lifelong

bother.Inpartsof

rural

China,wheresomefamiliescannotaffordeither,childrenstruggleintheveryschoolsthatarecausingtheproblem.Andsevere

short-sightedness

leadsthoseenduringittoothereye

diseases

inmiddleage,someofwhichcancauseuntreatablelossofvision.GovernmentsinAsiaareincreasinglyworriedaboutthepublic-health

effects

ofentiregenerationsgrowingupshort-sighted.Thoseinotherpartsoftheworldshouldstartworrying,too.

The

evidence

suggeststhatregular

exposure

tobrightdaylightisvitalin

properly

controllingthegrowthofchildren’seyes.Toolittlelightleadsto

short-sighted

eyes.ResearchersthinkthatthisexplainswhyratesaresohighinAsia,whereastrongcultural

emphasis

onthevalueofeducationleadstolongschooldaysand,often,

private

tutoring

intheafternoonandevening.Thatleaveslittletimefor

sunshine.Westernchildren,whoseparentsareincreasinglyworriedbya

competitive

jobsmarketthatthreatensmuchless

secure

employment

thantheyenjoyed,arebeginningtogothesameway.

Specialeyedrops,aswellasclever

glasses

and

contact

lenses,maybeabletoslowthe

development

of

short-sightedness

onceithasstarted.But

prevention

isbetterthanrelief,andthesciencesuggestsacheap,

straightforward

measure.Aseriesofencouraging

trials

showthatgivingschoolchildren—andespeciallythosein

primary

education—moretimeoutsidecancutthenumberwhogoontodevelop

short-sightedness.Anisland-widepolicyofdoingjustthatseemstohavebegun

changing

thedecades-longriseinshort-sightedness

rates.SimilarattemptsinSingaporereliedonparents,who

proved

more

reluctant

tochangetheir

behaviour,perhapsworriedthatotherparentsmightnotfollowsuit,leavingtheirchildrenata

disadvantage

intheclassroom.

Governmentsarewellplacedtosolvesuch

collective-actionproblems,while

reassuring

anxiousparentsthatabitlessclassroomtimeisunlikelytobe

catastrophic.Afterall,countriessuchasFinlandandSwedendowellinglobaleducation

rankings

withaless

intense

approach

toeducation.Givingmoreoutdoortimetoyoungchildrenwouldstillleaveroomforthemtocram(死記硬背)forexamsintheirteenageyears.Andlongerbreaksintheplaygroundmayalsoimproveotherrich-worldproblemssuchaschildhood

obesity.Far-sighted

governmentsshouldsendthekids

outdoors.【課標詞匯精講】banish消退，解除Diseaseslikemalariahavebeenbanishedforcenturies.瘧疾之類的疾病已經(jīng)被根除數(shù)世紀之久。Hehasnowbanishedallthoughtsofretirement...他現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)完全打消了退休的念頭。infectious易傳染的，傳染性的；有感染力的；?aninfectiousdisease/patient傳染病／傳染病病人?aninfectioussmile有感染力的笑聲?infectiousenthusiasm有感染力的熱忱abolish廢除，廢止SlaverywasabolishedintheUSinthe19thcentury.

美國于19世紀廢除了奴隸制。Thewholesystemshouldbeabolished.整個制度應(yīng)當被廢除。starvation饑餓，挨餓Twentymillionpeoplefacestarvationunlessavastemergencyaidprogrammeislaunched.若不啟動大型緊急救濟專案安排，兩千萬人將有餓死的危急。Theanimalshaddiedofstarvation.這些動物餓死了。promote促進；促銷，推銷；推廣Advertisingcompaniesarealwayshavingtothinkupnewwaystopromoteproducts.廣告公司總是得想出新方法來促銷。Greenpeaceworkstopromoteawarenessofthedangersthatthreatenourplanettoday.綠色和平組織致力于促使人們更了解當前威逼地球的危機。stunning震驚的?stunningnews令人震驚的新聞Hesufferedastunningdefeatintheelection.他在選舉中慘敗。evidence證據(jù)；證明Severalexpertsaretogiveevidenceonthesubject.幾位專家將就這個問題提出證據(jù)。Thereisgrowing/mounting/increasingevidencethatpeoplewhosedietsarerichinvitaminsarelesslikelytodevelopsometypesofcancer.越來越多的證據(jù)證明，在飲食中汲取含有富維他命食物的人不太簡潔罹患某些癌癥。specifically特意，特地地;明確地；準確地；詳細地Thesejeansaredesignedspecificallyforwomen.這些牛仔褲是專為女性設(shè)計的。Itspecificallysaid/statedonthelabelthatthejacketshouldbedry-cleanedonly.標簽上明確標明這件夾克衫只能干洗。relatively相對地，比較而言，按…比例說Relativelyspeaking,it'safairlypoorcountry.相對而言，這是個很貧困的國家。Thesystemisrelativelyeasytouse.這個系統(tǒng)運用起來相對簡潔。widespread分布廣的，散布廣的；普遍的Therewaswidespreadsupportforthewar.普遍支持斗爭。Thestormcausedwidespreaddamage.暴風雨造成了大范圍的破壞。catch

up趕上Iranafterherandmanagedtocatchupwithher.我在她后面追，最終趕上了她。Atthemomentourtechnologyismoreadvanced,butothercountriesarecatchingupwithus.目前我們的技術(shù)比較先進，但是其他國家正在趕上來。immune免疫的;對某種疾病〕有免疫力的:Mostpeoplewho'vehadchickenpoxonceareimmunetoitfortherestoftheirlives.大多數(shù)出過水痘的人終生都對此病具有免疫力。Oncewe'vehadthedisease,we'reimmuneforlife.我們一旦得過這種病，就獲得了終身免疫力。Admittedly[用于讓步或承認某事屬實或的確如此]誠然;無可否認Admittedly,thesalarywasnotwonderfulbutthedutieswerelight.誠然，薪水不是很高，但是工作很輕松。Thisisadmittedlyanextremecase.這的確是個極端的事例。suffer受苦；受熬煎She'sbeensufferingfrom(=beenillwith)cancerfortwoyears.她患癌癥已經(jīng)兩年了。Mary'ssufferingfromillhealthatthemoment.瑪麗眼下身體不好。endure忍耐（苦痛，困難），忍受Itseemedimpossiblethatanyonecouldenduresuchpain.似乎沒人能忍耐這樣的苦痛。Wehadtoendureanine-hourdelayattheairport.航班延誤，我們不得不在機場苦等了九個小時。Increasingly越來越多地，不斷增加地?tobeincreasinglyimportant/common越來越重要／普遍Hewasfindingitincreasinglydifficulttomakedecisions...他發(fā)覺越來越難以作出確定。Thereisanincreasinglypopularalternative...有了越來越受歡迎的替代品。17.exposure接觸；面臨；遭遇Youshouldalwayslimityourexposuretothesun.無論甚么時候，都不要長時間曬太陽。Evenabriefexposuretoradiationisverydangerous.即使只是短期接受輻射也是特別危急的。18.vital必不行少的；極其重要的Shehadfoundoutsomeinformationofvitalimportance.她已經(jīng)查出了一些極為重要的資訊。Regularexerciseisvitalforyourhealth.常常熬煉對健康特別重要。emphasis重視，強調(diào)Theyplacedgreatemphasisontheindividual'sfreedom.他們特殊強調(diào)個人自由。Schoolshereput/place/laygreatemphasisonwrittenworkandgrammar.這里的學校特殊重視寫作和文法。competitive競爭的；競賽的

Graduateshavetofightforjobsinahighlycompetitivemarket.畢業(yè)生不得不在競爭激烈的市場上奮力爭取找到工作。Universitiesareverycompetitiveforthebeststudents.高校對優(yōu)等生的爭奪特別激烈。secure平安的，無危急的;牢靠的，穩(wěn)定的Theofficialsaidthatnoairportcouldbetotallysecure.那名官員說任何機場都不行能肯定平安。Wewantasecurefutureforourchildren.我們希望我們的孩子有一個牢靠的將來。employment受雇；就業(yè)Theemploymentprospectsforsciencegraduatesareexcellent.理科畢業(yè)生的就業(yè)前景特別好。

Steve'sstilllookingforfull-timeemployment.史蒂夫還在找尋全職工作。23.prevention阻擋，阻礙；預防TheorganizationiscommittedtoAIDSpreventionandeducation.該組織致力于愛滋病的防治和教化。Effectivecrimepreventionmustbeourmaingoal.有效預防犯罪必需是我們的主要目標。24.straightforward簡潔理解的，簡潔的Installingtheprogramisrelativelystraightforward.

安裝這個程序相對來說比較簡潔。Thisareaoflawisfarfromstraightforward(=complicated).這方面的法律很困難。trial驗，試驗，測試They'veemployedherforasix-monthtrial(period).他們錄用了她，試用期為六個月。Theyletmehavethecomputerontrialforthirtydays.他們讓我試用這臺計算機三十天。primary

首要的；主要的;初等教化的，小學的?primaryeducation初等教化?aprimaryschool小學TheRedCross'sprimaryconcernistopreserveandprotecthumanlife.紅十字會最關(guān)切的是維護人的生命平安。27.reluctant不情愿的，牽強的Sheseemedreluctanttodiscussthematter.她似乎不愿探討這件事。IwashavingsuchagoodtimeIwasreluctanttoleave.我玩得很快樂，都不情愿離開了。28.reassure勸慰，使放心，使消退疑慮Heunderstoodherfeelingsandtriedtoreassureher.他理解她的心情并努力勸慰她。Iwasnervousonmyfirstdayatcollege,butIwasreassuredtoseesomefriendlyfaces.踏進高校的第一天我很驚慌，但是當我看到那么多友善的臉孔，心里感到踏實多了。29.catastrophic災難性的;引起重大災難的Atidalwavecausedbytheearthquakehitthecoastcausingcatastrophicdamage...地震引起的海嘯攻擊了沿海地區(qū)，導致災難性的破壞。Thewatershortageinthiscountryispotentiallycatastrophic...這個國家的水資源匱乏可能會帶來災難性的后果。30.

intense猛烈的；猛烈的，極度的Hesuddenlyfeltanintensepaininhisback.他突然覺得背部一陣劇痛。Youngpeopletodayareunderintensepressuretosucceed.如今的年輕人面臨極大的勝利壓力。【課標詞匯精練】Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofsincethebeginningoftheyear.從年初起，已有300多人餓死。Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexerciseall-roundgoodhealth.常常運動能促進全面健康，這一點已久為人知。ThePresident'sfinaldecisioncamewithsuddenness.總統(tǒng)之最終確定的突然性令人驚訝Thecampaignhasreceivedsupport.這場運動得到廣泛支持。Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardto.他休學了一段時間，現(xiàn)在發(fā)覺要跟上很吃力。Heseemstobetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.他似乎對感冒具有免疫力——他從不感冒。Itisbecomingclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.越來越明顯的是,這個問題不會輕易解決。toleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.眾所周知，接觸鉛對幼兒的大腦有害。Itistogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.要盡快把藥品送往該地區(qū)，這至關(guān)重要。Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansamatter.對于不識字的人來說，購物決不是一件簡潔的事情,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.不行否認，我原來可以再努力些。盡管如此，我認為這些指責也并非完全公道。Ithinkhequitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.我想他妻子離開他時，他肯定很苦痛。Isthereanyscientificthataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?一個人的筆跡反映其性格的說法有甚么科學憑據(jù)呢？Theytriedtothememoryfromtheirminds.他們試圖驅(qū)走心中的記憶。Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighly.這些病毒會侵襲兒童，而且具有很強的傳染性。Thegovernmentshouldincometaxforthelow-paid.政府應(yīng)當取消低收入者的所得稅。Weareaimingourcampaignatyoungpeople.我們的促銷宣揚是特地針對年輕人的。AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehind.盡管歐洲經(jīng)濟也在增長，但相對而言是落后了。She'salreadyhadtothreepainfuloperationsonherleg.她已經(jīng)承受了三次腿部手術(shù)的巨大苦痛。sportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.競技體育激勵孩子們的團隊協(xié)作精神。Atlasttheywereabletofeelaboutthefuture.

他們最終覺得不必為將來而擔憂了。Ithinkweshouldputasmuchonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.我認為我們應(yīng)當像重視治療一樣重視疾病的預防。Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbeforthewholeworld.這位部長警告說，萬一爆發(fā)斗爭，那對全世界都將是場災難。Thejobdemandsconcentration.這項工作要求高度用心。Educatingnewdriversisimportantfortheofaccidents.培訓新司機對預防事故很重要。levelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendofnextyear.在明年年底之前就業(yè)率很難有大幅度提升。Hetriedtomethatmymotherwouldbeokay.他試圖勸慰我，說我母親不會有事的。They'redoingclinicalonanewdrug.他們正在對一種新藥進行臨床試驗。Theresponsibilitylieswiththosewhobreakthelaw.主要的責任在于那些違法者。Manyparentsfeeltotalkopenlywiththeirchildren.許多父母都不情愿和兒女們敞快樂扉交談。Keys:Overthreehundredpeoplehavediedofstarvationsincethebeginningoftheyear.Ithaslongbeenknownthatregularexercisepromotesall-roundgoodhealth.ThePresident'sfinaldecisioncamewithstunningsuddenness.4.Thecampaignhasreceivedwidespreadsupport.5.Hewasoffschoolforawhileandisfindingithardtocatchup.6.Heseemstobeimmunetocolds-hejustnevergetsthem.7.Itisbecomingincreasinglyclearthatthisproblemwillnotbeeasilysolved.8.Exposuretoleadisknowntodamagethebrainsofyoungchildren.9.Itisvitaltogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.10.Forsomeonewhocan'tread,shoppingisbynomeansastraightforwardmatter.11.Admittedly,IcouldhavetriedharderbutIstilldon'tthinkallthiscriticismisfair.12.Ithinkhesufferedquitealotwhenhiswifelefthim.13.Isthereanyscientificevidencethataperson'scharacterisreflectedintheirhandwriting?14.Theytriedtobanishthememoryfromtheirminds.15.Thesevirusesaffectchildrenandarehighlyinfectious.16.Thegovernmentshouldabolishincometaxforthelow-paid.17.Weareaimingourcampaignspecificallyatyoungpeople.18.AlthoughEurope'seconomywasgrowing,itwasfallingbehindrelatively.19.She'salreadyhadtoendurethreepainfuloperationsonherleg.20.Competitivesportsencouragechildrentoworktogetherasateam.21.Atlasttheywereabletofeelsecureaboutthefuture.

22.Ithinkweshouldputasmuchemphasisonpreventingdiseaseaswedooncuringit.23.Theministerwarnedthatifwarbrokeout,itwouldbecatastrophicforthewholeworld.24.Thejobdemandsintenseconcentration.25.Educatingnewdriversisimportantforthepreventionofaccidents.26.Employmentlevelsareunlikelytorisesignificantlybeforetheendo