Unit+4+Everyday+economics+Using+Language+語法高中英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修第四冊

外研選擇性Book4Unit4

Everydayeconomics

GrammarReview:AttributiveClauses

語法講解加練習

TeachingObjectivesTeachingobjectives:1.Letthestudentsknowmoreabouttheusageofattributiveclauses.2.Guidethestudentstoreviewattrbutiveclause,sothattheycanbetterunderstandtheform,meaningandpragmaticfuncation,andusetheminspecificandrealcontexts.課堂學習attributiveclauses1Lookatthesentencesfromthereadingpassageandanswerthequestions.a

Thisisaplacewhererosesgrowwild.bThebiggestchallengeattheinitialphasewastopersuadepeopletoworkforme,whichwastotallyoutsidemyexperience.1

Whatdoes“where”refertoinsentence(a)?“Where”

insentence(a)refersto“aplace”.2

Whatdoes“which”refertoinsentence(b)?“Which”

insentence(b)refersto“topersuadepeopletoworkforme”.3

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithessentialinformationaboutthesubject?4

Whichsentencecontainsaclausewithextrainformationaboutthesubject?Sentence(a).Sentence(b).Nowlookformoresentenceswithattributiveclausesinthereadingpassage.Shecouldn’t,however,hidethelineofsweatrunningdownherforehead,whichwascausedpartlybytheheatofthetelevisionstudio,butmorebyfearofthefourpeopleseatedinfrontofher.Zhangthereforedecidedtoreturntoherhometownandgrowroses,whichsurprisedmanypeople.Assomeonewhogrowupinthecountry,Zhangalreadyknewaboutgrowingplants.However,likeanyentrepreneurwhowasjuststartingout,shestillhadalottolearn.Seeingherpeerswhoalsodreamofsuccessandindependence,Zhanghasmixedfeelings.Foryoungpeoplewhohavelittlelifeexperience,thatcanbeachallenge.

要點詮釋(1)在復合句中作定語，修飾名詞、代詞或整個句子等的從句叫定語從句。(2)在復合句中，被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞等，叫做先行詞。先行詞一般出現在定語從句之前。有時先行詞是整個句子。(3)引導定語從句的詞被稱為關系詞。（4）關系詞分為關系代詞（that,which,who,whom,whose,as),它們起連接作用，并在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語或表語。還有關系副詞（when,where,why),它們起連接左右，并在從句中充當時間狀語、地點狀語和原因狀語。

一、關系代詞引導的定語從句1）關系代詞的基本用法關系代詞

先行詞

在從句中的成分who

人主語、賓語(可省略）whom

人賓語(可省略）which物主語、賓語(可省略）that人、物主語、賓語(可省略）、表語whose人、物定語as人、物主語、賓語、表語（在限定性定語從句中，先行詞被thesame/such/as/so等修飾。在非限定性從句中，代表整個主句）1.Thecontest_____isscheduledtobeheldinourschoolhallonJanuary18thwillfocusonthetraditionalChineseculture.2.Heisthewriter______youarelookingforwardtovisiting.3.Theyliveinahouse_____windowsfacenorth.4.Istillrememberthapeopleandthings_____Imetduringmystayinthecountryside.5.Thisisourformteacher_____classesareinteresting.6.Thebuilding_____theworkersarebuildingisourlab.7.Ilikethesamebook____youdescribe.8.Heissuchaperson_____isalwayscomplainingaboutsomething.9.Heisnolongertheperson_____heusedtobe.10.Ourvillageisnolongertheone_____itusedtobe10yearsago.1.which/that2.(who/that/whom)3.whose4.(that)5.whose6.(which/that)7.as8.as9.that10.as2)that/which/who的用法區(qū)別宜用that不用which的常見情況1.先行詞是all,few,little,much,something,anything,nothng,one等不定代詞或被不定代詞all,no,any等修飾2.先行詞被theonly,thevery,theright等修飾3.先行詞被比較級或最高級修飾4.先行詞是人和物時5.關系代詞在定語從句中作表語宜用which不用that的常見情況1.引導非限制性定語從句時。2.介詞前置，關系代詞作介詞的賓語宜用who不用that的常見情況先行詞是不定代詞all,someone,anyone,noone,anybody,everyboday等或是he或those時注意：由who或which引導的特殊疑問句中的定語從句的關系代詞用that.1.Thisisthehousein_____LuXunoncelived.2.Doyouhaveanything____youwanttosayforyourself?3.TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectforallthespecies____livewithintheGiantPandaRangeandsignificantlyinprovethehealthoftheecosysteminthearea.4.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,_____wasnamedofficiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.5.He_____doesn’treachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.6.Those_____arewillingtoseethefilmpleasegetyourmoneyready.7.ThepersonIwenttolearnfromisone______studieshardandworkswell.9.WhenwetalkaboutHangzhou,thefirst____comesintomindisTheWestLake.10.Youcantakeanyseat_____isfree.11.Whoistheboy_____washerejustnow?12.Whichofthebuildings_____arebeingbuiltoverthereisourdinninghall?1.which2.that3.that4.which5.who6.who7.who8.that9.that10.that11.that12.that二、關系副詞關系副詞

先行詞在從句中的成分分when

時間名詞時間狀語where地點名詞或抽象名詞（situation,condition,point,case,point,stage,activity等）地點狀語whyreason

原因狀語注意：1.關系副詞=介詞+關系代詞。why=forwhich2.表示時間、地點或reason的先行詞在從句中作主語和賓語，用關系代詞which或that.1.Studentsshouldinvolvedthemselvesincommunityactivities______theycangainexperienceforgrowth.2.Doyouknowthereason____hedidn’tattendthemeetingyesterday?3.Thedaysaregone_____physicalstrengthewasallyouneededtomakealiving.4.Somepre-schoolchildrengotoadaycentre,___theylearnsimplegameandsongs.5.Ihavereachedapointinmylife_____Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.6.Iwillneverforgetthedays______Ispenttogetherwithmyfriendsinthecountryside.7.Lastsummer,IvisitedtheGreatWall,____isthesymbolofChina.8.Thebossdidn’twanttohearanyreason_____youmightgive.1.where/inwhich2.why=forwhich3.when=in/duringwhich4.where=inwhich5.where6.which/that7.which8.that三、“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句1）“介詞+關系代詞”引導定語從句，介詞的賓語只能用which或whom,而且不能省略。2）“名詞/不定代詞/數詞/形容詞比較級或最高級+of+which/whom”引導定語從句，表示部分與整體關系。3）

“the+名詞+of+which/whom”或“ofwhich/whom+the+名詞”引導定語時，可換成whose引導的定語從句。1.Thecoloerlessgas_____whichwecannotliveiscalledoxygen.2.Thecommitteeconsistsof20members,five____whomarewomen.3.I‘dlikearoom_____windowlooksoutoverthesea.=I‘dlikearoom_______________/________________looksoutoverthesea.4.ImadefriendswithSusanandAliceinthatspecialschool,bothof____wereinterestedinastronomy.1.without2.of3.whose=thewindowofwhich=ofwhichthewindow4.whom四、非限定性定語從句1)形式：由于非限定性從句僅對先行詞或主句起補充說明作用，因此，需要逗號隔開。2）沒有關系代詞that，另外，關系代詞作賓語也不能省略。3）翻譯為兩個并列分句即可。4）as和which可以引導非限定性定語從句，代表主句整個內容。其區(qū)別如下表：asas引導的非限制性定語從句可放在主句前、中、后，常表示“關于這一點”，從句謂語動詞多為see,know,expect,mention,report,hope等。另外，常用于句型：asisoftenthecase等。whichwhich引導的非限制性定語從句可放在主句的后面，另外，主從句往往有一種因果關系。1.Theownerofthecinemaneededtomakealotofimprovementsandemploymorepeopletokeepitrunning,___meantspendingtensofthousandsofpounds.2.___isreportedinthenewspapers,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.3.Heislateforclasstoday,_____isoftenthecase.（一下兩題改錯）3.lastweekend,IvisitedtheRedFarmwithLiHua,Ioftengotoschoolwith.4.Yesterday,anaccidenthappenedinthestreetcorner,thatfrightenedmealot.1.which2.As3.As4.在Ioften前加上who/whom4.that改成which

1.

Thatistheonlyoneofthebooksthat______(require)forstudyatschool.2.Heisoneofthestudentsinourclasswho_____(come)fromXi’an.3.Ourchemistryteacherisamanwhoalways____(make)hisclassesinterestingandlovely.4.Ihavemanypersonalaffairsthat_____(besolve)thisweekend.5.I,who____(be)yourclosefriend,willonyoursideforever.五、定語從句謂語的數1.isrequired2.come3.makes4.aresolved5.am點撥：關系代詞作定語從句的主語，謂語的數應和先行詞的人稱及數保持一致；先行詞部分為oneof+可數名詞復數，則中心詞為可數名詞復數，先行詞部分為theonlyoneof+可數名詞復數，則中心詞為one。2Readthepassageandrewritetheunderlinedsentencesusingattributiveclauses.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries.

Itworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.GoodDealproductsmaybealittlemoreexpensivethanregularproducts,butuptoone-thirdofthesalepricewillbegivenbacktotheproducers.Thisismorethantheycouldgetundertheconventionaltradingsystem.

Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeople,andtheywanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.TheyhavenoproblemspendingabitmoreonGoodDealproducts,believingthattheirpurchasingoftheseproductswillhelpimprovelocalpeople’swelfare.

However,somepeoplearelessoptimistic,andarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducersnotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.1.GoodDealisalocalmovementinsomecountries(,)whichworkstohelpfarmersandworkersinlessdevelopedareasreceiveabetterdealfortheirproduce.2.Themovementhasprovenpopularamongyoungpeoplewhowanttohelpproducersgetthepaymenttheydeserve.3.However,somepeoplewhoarelessoptimisticarguethatitdiscriminatesagainstproducerswhoarenotpartoftheGoodDealmovement.Answers:3

ReadtheprofileandwriteanintroductiontoaGoodDealproductusingattributiveclauseswhereappropriate.Price:$25perkgOrigin:grownontheGreenEquatorEstateSpecialfeatures:?100%organic?superior,smoothblend,withmildflavour?lessthanonecaloriepercupGoodDealguarantee:one-thirdofthesalepricereturnedtolocalproducersGreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsat...Sample:GreenEquatorCoffeeisaGoodDealproduct,whichsellsatthepriceof$25perkg.ItisgrownontheGreenEquatorEstate,whosecoffeeis100%organic.Itisasuperior,smoothblendwithamildflavour,whichhaslessthanonecaloriepercup.TheproductissoldundertheGoodDealguarantee,whichpromisesthatone-thirdofthesalepricewillbereturnedtolocalproducers.

Practise一、單句語法填空1.Thedownturnhittherealestate(房地產)firm___shehadworkedfortenyearsasanofficemanager.2.Itisourhopethatincomingdecades,advancesinsciencewilloffernewperspectivefrom____tostudyhowpeoplemanagetheirlives.3.TheAppWeChatprovidesanetworkingplatform____communicationisfasterandeasier.4.SomepeoplethinkthatthegreatChinesescholarConfucius,____livedfromroughly551to479B.C,influencedthedevelopmentofchopsticks.5.Therearealotofstudentsinthereadingroom,mostof_____bendtheirheadsdownovertheirbooks.6.TheBeatles,___manyofyouareoldenoughtoremember,camefromLiverpool.7.I’mverygratefultoMr.Zhang,without_____encouragementicouldn’thavebeenadmittedtoakeyuniversity.8.Suchpeople____wererecommendedbyhimwerereryreliable.9.May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaday,____wasnamedofficiallybytheUnitedNationaonNovember27th,2019.10.Irefusedtoaccepttheblameforsomething____wassomeoneelse’sfault.11.Onthe1,100kilometerjourny,themanCaoShengkang,____losthiseyesightattheageof8inacaraccident,crossed40citiesandcountriesin3months.12.Thereason_____hewashappywas_____hehadbeenownedbytheteacher.13.Butwhatifweareactuallygettingclosertoaworld____AIiscapableofthinkingandfeeling?14.KimCobb,aprofessorattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologyinAtanta,isoneofasmallbutgrowingminorityofacademicswho_____(be)cuttingbackonthirairtravelbecauseoclimatechange.15.Wearelivinginanage___manythingsaredoneoncomputer.二、語篇連語法Thisweeken