2025屆高考英語精準沖刺復習閱讀理解高頻詞組

2025屆高考英語精準沖刺復習

閱讀理解高頻詞組題型分析01詞義猜測題高考英語閱讀理解中詞義猜測類題可以分為：生詞含義題，即推測某個生詞的具體含義，或是熟詞僻義；代詞指代題，即推測某個代詞或詞組在文章中具體指代的意思?！緜淇疾呗浴吭~義猜測題是高考閱讀理解中的一個難點。因果關系是一種常見的提示方式：某種原因會導致某種結果，某一結果必定是由某種或是某些原因所引起的。除此之外，還有同義詞解釋、前后對比、語境理解等提示方式。此類型考題要求考生綜合理解語篇信息，再去推斷或猜測某一生詞或短語的意思。解題時要巧妙利用上下文與畫線詞意義上的關聯(lián)，根據上下文提供的線索和情景，進行綜合分析來猜測詞義。推理判斷題閱讀理解中的推理判斷題屬于層次較高的題目。所謂推斷，就是根據材料中提供的信息，綜合運用邏輯思維獲取未知的信息。此類考題要求考生著重理解文章的隱含意思和深層次含義，要推斷出作者沒有直接表達出來的觀點和態(tài)度等?！緜淇疾呗浴看祟惪碱}，雖然沒有明確給出信息，但考生在綜合理解文章意思的基礎上，可以進行推理和判斷。題目主要包括推斷隱含意思、推斷目標讀者、推斷觀點態(tài)度、推斷文章出處、推斷作者寫作意圖等?？忌谧龃祟愋涂碱}時，首先要抓住語篇的主題和細節(jié)，明確文章結構，把握上下文的關聯(lián)，體會語篇深層的含義，切不可斷章取義或是主觀臆斷。每一篇文章都有自己特有的寫作目的，考生應該從語篇中細細體會作者的寫作意圖、觀點態(tài)度，在作出推理判斷前，需要理清全文的主線索，整合與題目的相關信息，綜合理解之后再做出推理判斷，得出正確的結論。inthecourseof在…過程中，在…期間intheend最后intheeventof萬一發(fā)生intheformof以...的形式inthelightof鑒于，由于intheprocessof在...的過程中intime及時inturn依次地，反過來invain徒勞inwhole整個地infuse…into注入insiston堅持insteadof代替interestin對…的興趣irrespectiveof不顧的，不考慮的isolate…from使...與...隔離，使孤立itusedtobe過去的情況是…joinin參加(某種活動)layemphasison強調lay/putblameon責怪，歸咎于leadoff開始leadon繼續(xù)引領leadout開始leadto導致lessthan不如，少于linktogether聯(lián)系在一起longbefore早在...之前，很久以前l(fā)ookon旁觀loyalto忠誠于makeastep走一步makefor有助于，有利于makeone'sway前進，行進makeout弄懂，辨認出makesure查明，確保maketowards朝…走去makeway開路，讓路meanby…的意思，…意味著more…than...與其說…不如說…morethan不僅，不止，多于muchas雖然,盡管noless…than和…一樣…，既…又…nomor…than既不會…也不會...not…but…不是…而是…nowthat既然，由于objectto反對ofcourse當然onalargescale大規(guī)模的(地)onanationalscale在全國范圍內onaccountof由于onaverage平均地onbehalfof代表，為了oncampus在校園onoccasion偶爾onradio用無線電，通過廣播ontheaverage平均地onthebasisof根據，在……的基礎上onthecontrary相反onthegroundsof以…為理由ontheoccasionof在…場合，值...之際ontheotherhand另一方面ontheradio通過廣播，無線電廣播中ontheside額外地，作為兼職onthesideof在…一邊onthewhole總的來看ontime準時oneanother相互oneorother不管哪一個onlyif只要，只有otherthan除了outofstep不一致，不協(xié)調outofthequestion不可能的outofuse不使用owe…to…把…歸功于...passout分發(fā)，昏倒passoff中止，停止passon傳遞passby去世payattentionto注意paybycheck用支票支付payincash/paycash付現(xiàn)金payoff償清，取得好結果persistin堅持pickup撿起，學會，接planfor為...訂計劃pointto指向properlyspeaking正確(公正)地講providedthat假若，倘如puttogether加在一起;putupwith忍受quiteother完全不同的ratherthan而不是referto提到，參考reflectdiscrediton使喪失名譽reflecton思考，反省relyon依靠，指望remove…from…把…從…去掉，撤職responsiblefor對...負責resultfrom由…產生resultin導致ripefor為...做好準備rootout發(fā)現(xiàn)runarisk冒風險sacrificesomethingto為…犧牲某事securesth.fromattack確?！馐芄魋etabout開始，著手setaside留出setback推遲，延緩setdown放下，記下setforth闡明，陳述setoff出發(fā)，使爆炸setout陳列，顯示，啟程sharewith與...分享shootafilm拍攝一個鏡頭sidewith站在...一邊，支持similarto與...相似sincethen從那時起somethinglike大約，有幾分像…soonerthan早于speedup加速standfor代表stepup增加，加速stickto堅持，堅持，遵循stimulatedby受...的刺激stirup激起，挑起suchas比方說，例如supportfor對…的支持sureenough果然takeaway拿走，奪走takeastep采取措施takeadvantageof利用takeaway消耗，清除takecareof照顧take...for把...看作...takein接受，吸收，欺騙takeon呈現(xiàn)，從事takeover接管taketo開始喜歡，開始從事，開始沉湎于takeupwith開始和...來往takeup占據，從事thanksto由于，幸虧thebulkof…的主要部分，大多數(shù)theformer…thelatter…前者…，后者...to…extent在…范圍，到…程度tocautionagainst對…予以警告tocenteraround以…為中心tosomeextent某種程度上tosuchanextentthat到...的程度，以至toturnsth.into把…轉換為...togetherwith一起transitionto向…的過渡，向…的轉變turnaway走開，轉過臉turnover翻過來turnround轉過身來turnto求助于turnup調大，出現(xiàn)whatismore而且withregardto關于withthat說罷withtheexceptionof除...外with…speed以…的速度workaway一直在工作workout解決，算出，制定出workup逐步建立，逐步發(fā)展worsethan壞于…writein提出書面要求writeoff報廢，勾銷writeout寫出,取消某角色模擬練習02SinceEnglishbiologistCharlesDarwinpublishedOntheOriginofSpeciesin1859,scientistshavevastlyimprovedtheirknowledgeofnaturalhistory.However,alotofinformationisstillofthespeculation,andscientistscanstillonlymakeeducatedguessesatcertainthings.Onesubjectthattheyguessaboutiswhysome400millionyearsago,animalsintheseadevelopedlimbs(肢)thatallowedthemtomoveontoandliveonland.Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物學家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.Seaanimalswouldhavebeenforcedintothesepoolsbystrongtides.Then,theywouldhavebeenmadeeithertoadapttotheirnewenvironmentclosetolandordie.Thefittestamongthemgrewtoaccomplishthetransition(過渡)fromseatoland.Romercalledtheseearliestfour-footedanimals“tetrapods”.Sciencehasalwaysthoughtthatthiswasacredibletheory,butonlyrecentlyhastherebeenstrongenoughevidencetosupportit.HannahByrneisanoceanographer(海洋學家)atUppsalaUniversityinSweden.Sheannouncedatthe2018OceanSciencesMeetinginOregon,US,thatbyusingcomputersoftware,herteamhadmanagedtolinkHomer’stheorytoplaceswherefossildeposits(沉積物)oftheearliesttetrapodswerefound.AccordingtothemagazineScience,in2014,StevenBalbus,ascientistattheUniversityofOxfordintheUK,calculatedthat400millionyearsago,whenthemovefromlandtoseawasachieved,tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.Thecreaturesstrandedinthepoolswouldhavebeenunderthepressureof“survivalofthefittest”,explainedMattiasGreen,anoceanscientistattheUK’sUniversityofBangor.AshetoldScience,“Afterafewdaysinthesepools,youbecomefoodoryourunoutoffood...thefishthathadlargelimbshadanadvantagebecausetheycouldflip(翻轉)themselvesbackinthewater.”Asisoftenthecase,however,thereareotherswhofindthetheorylessconvincing.CambridgeUniversity’spaleontologistJenniferClark,speakingtoNaturemagazine,seemedunconvinced.“It’sonlyoneofmanyideasfortheoriginofland-basedtetrapods,anyorallofwhichmayhavebeenapartoftheanswer,”shesaid.12.Whofirstproposedthetheorythatfishmighthavegainedlimbsbecauseoftidalpools?A.AlfredRomer.B.CharlesDarwin.C.HannahByrne.D.StevenBalbus.13.Whyweretidesstronger400millionyearsagothantheyaretodayaccordingtoStevenBalbus?A.Therewerelargeroceans.B.Earthwasclosertothemoon.C.Themoongaveoffmoreenergy.D.Earthwasundergreaterpressure.14.Theunderlinedword“stranded”inParagraph8probablymeans“________”.A.foundB.settledC.abandonedD.trapped15.Whatisthefocusofthearticle?A.Theargumentsoverascientifictheory.B.Theproposalofanewscientifictheory.C.Somenewevidencetosupportaprevioustheory.D.Anewdiscoverythatquestionsaprevioustheory.【答案】12.A13.B14.D15.C【解析】本文為一篇科學報道。文章用一些新的證據來支持先前人們的猜測理論：即海洋中的動物是因為潮汐的作用導致魚類發(fā)展出四肢，遷徙到陸地的。12.細節(jié)理解題。根據第三Recently,anideathatoccurredtotheUSpaleontologist(古生物學家)AlfredRomeracenturyagobecameahottopiconceagain.和四段第一句“Homerthoughtthattidal(潮汐的)poolsmighthaveledtofishgaininglimbs.”可知，是AlfredRomer最先提出了魚類可能因為潮汐而發(fā)展出四肢的理論。故選A項。13.細節(jié)理解題。根據第七段最后“…tideswerestrongerthantheyaretoday.Thisisbecausetheplanetwas10percentclosertothemoonthanitisnow.（過去的潮汐比現(xiàn)在強。這是因為地球這顆行星以前比現(xiàn)在離月球近了10%。）可知，B項正確。14、D15.主旨大意題。根據文章全文可知，英國生物學家達爾文的《物種起源》極大地提高了科學家對自然的認識。但仍有不少沒有根據的猜測。其中的一個猜測就是為什么在4億年前，海洋中的動物有了四肢，從而讓他們遷徙到陸地上生活。一個世紀以前，美國古生物學家AlfredRomer提出的一個想法，即潮汐可能導致魚類發(fā)展出四肢，這再次成為一個熱門話題。針對此許多科學家進行的實驗提供了許多新的證據來證實它。C項（一些新的證據來支持先前的理論。）是文章的關注點，故選C。Couldthedevice,smartphoneorPC,whichyoureusingaffectthemoraldecisionsyoumakewhenusingit?Totestit,researcherspresentedmultipledilemmastoasamplesetof1,010people.Theparticipantswereassignedadeviceatrandom.Onecaseofthequestionsparticipantswereaskedistheclassic“trolley(有軌電車)problem”:Arunawaytrolleyisheadedtowardsfivepeopletiedupona-setoftraintracks.Youcandonothing,resultinginthedeathsoffivepeople,orpushamanoffabridge,whichwillstopthetrolley.Thepracticalresponseistokillonemantosavefivelives,which33.5percentofsmartphoneuserschose,comparedto22.3percentofPCusers.“Whatweroundinourstudyisthatwhenpeopleusedasmartphonetoviewclassicmoralproblems,theyweremorelikelytomakemoreunemotional,reasonabledecisionswhenpresentedwithahighlyemotionaldilemma,“DrAlbertBarque-Duran,theleadauthorofthestudy,toldCity,UniversityofLondon.“ThiscouldbeduetotheincreasedtimepressureoftenpresentwithsmartphonesandalsotheincreasedpsychologicaldistancewhichcanoccurwhenweusesuchdevicescomparedtoPCs.”Asforwhytheresearchersstartedthisstudy,DrBarque-Durannoted,“Duetothefactthatoursociallives,workandevenshoppingtakeplaceonline,itisimportanttothinkabouthowthecontextswherewetypicallyfacemoraldecisionsandareaskedtoengageinmoralbehaviorhavechanged,andtheimpactthiscouldhaveonthehundredsofmillionsofpeoplewhousesuchdevicesdaily.“it’sclearthatweneedmoreresearchonhowourdevicesaffectourmoraldecisionmakingbecausewe’reusingscreensataneverincreasingrate.8.Whydidtheauthormentionthetrolleyproblem?A.Tointroduceadifficultproblemtoreaders.‘B.Tointroducetheaimofcarryingoutthestudy.C.ToshowanexampleofthequestionsinthestudyD.Toshowthedifficultyindealingwithdilemmas.9.Howdothesmartphoneusersofthestudybehaveindealingwithemotionaldilemmas?A.Calmly.B.Cruelly.C.Hesitantly.D.Enthusiastically.10.DrAlbertbelievesthatcomparedwithPCs,smartphones

.A.helppeoplebearmorepressureB.helppeoplemakedecisionsquickC.makepeoplefeelmorementallydistantD.makepeoplestayhappiertosolveproblems11.Whatcanweinferfromthetext?A.Shoppingonlinehasagreateffectonmakingmoraldecisi