初中生3分鐘英語(yǔ)演講稿：我的父親

Word文檔初中生3分鐘英語(yǔ)演講稿：我的父親xample,onehalfofthecarbonequationishowmuchweemit,andtheotherhalfofthecarbonequation,asimveryconsciousasatrusteeofkew,ishowmuchthingssoakup,andtheysoakupcarbondioxideoutoftheatmosphere.

雖然聽(tīng)來(lái)頗像。問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵是我們花了許多錢(qián)來(lái)教育大眾，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)正確地來(lái)做這件事。其中也有一些社會(huì)因素讓我們想使大眾了解光合作用如何運(yùn)作例如，有一半的碳儲(chǔ)量是人類(lèi)排放的而另一半碳儲(chǔ)量我相當(dāng)關(guān)切，身為皇家植物園的受托管理人

thatswhatplantsactuallydoforaliving.and,foranyfinnishpeopleintheaudience,thisisafinnishpun:weare,bothliterallyandmetaphorically,skatingonthiniceifwedontunderstandthatkindofthing.now,hereshowyoudothebatteryandthebulb.itssoeasy,isntit?ofcourse,youallknewthat.butifyouhaventplayedwithabatteryandabulb,ifyouveonlyseenacircuitdiagram,youmightnotbeabletodothat,andthatsoneoftheproblems.

是植物汲取多少二氧化碳植物就是以此維生的假如在場(chǎng)有芬蘭人，這是芬蘭話(huà)的雙關(guān)語(yǔ)我們無(wú)論在實(shí)際上或隱喻上，都是如履薄冰要是我們不明白那些事電池和燈泡只要這要做就行很簡(jiǎn)潔，不是嗎?你們都懂了但要是你沒(méi)有親自碰過(guò)電池和燈泡假如你只看過(guò)電路圖你可能就做不出來(lái)，這是個(gè)麻煩

so,whyisithotterinsummerthaninwinter?welearn,aschildren,thatyougetclosertosomethingthatshot,anditburnsyou.itsaverypowerfulbitoflearning,andithappensprettyearlyon.byextension,wethinktoourselves,whyitshotterinsummerthaninwintermustbebecausewereclosertothesun.ipromiseyouthatmostofyouwillhavegotthat.oh,youreallshakingyourheads,butonlyafewofyouareshakingyourheadsveryfirmly.

那么，為何夏天比冬天熱?我們從小就知道，離熱的東西太近你就被燙到，這真很有效的教育方法很小的時(shí)候大家就學(xué)到了延長(zhǎng)這個(gè)論點(diǎn)，我們覺(jué)得夏天比冬天熱肯定是由于我們離太陽(yáng)比較近我信任大多人都懂了哦，大家都在搖頭不過(guò)只有幾個(gè)人搖得很堅(jiān)決

otheronesarekindofgoinglikethis.allright.itshotterinsummerthaninwinterbecausetheraysfromthesunarespreadoutmore,right,becauseofthetiltoftheearth.andifyouthinkthetiltistiltinguscloser,no,itisnt.thesunis93millionmilesaway,andweretiltinglikethis,right?itmakesnoodds.infact,inthenorthernhemisphere,werefurtherfromthesuninsummer,asithappens,butitmakesnoodds,thedifference.

其他人只是這樣子搖而已，好吧夏天比冬天熱是由于太陽(yáng)的輻射線(xiàn)傳播得比較多，地球傾斜的關(guān)系假如你以為是朝太陽(yáng)的方向傾斜，那就錯(cuò)了太陽(yáng)離地球1億5千萬(wàn)公里，地球傾斜角度大略如此傾斜不是差別所在，在北半球夏天時(shí)我們離太陽(yáng)更遠(yuǎn)跟傾斜沒(méi)有關(guān)系

ok,now,thescribbleofthediagramofthesolarsystem.ifyoubelieve,asmostofyouprobablydo,thatitshotterinsummerthaninwinterbecausewereclosertothesun,youmusthavedrawnanellipse.right?thatwouldexplainit,right?except,inyour--yourenodding--now,inyourellipse,haveyouthought,well,whathappensduringthenight?

好，問(wèn)題四是畫(huà)出太陽(yáng)系的平面圖假如大家信任，大多數(shù)可能都信任夏天比冬天熱是由于地球離太陽(yáng)較近大家應(yīng)當(dāng)都畫(huà)了橢圓形對(duì)吧?這就能解釋了吧?除非，你點(diǎn)頭了，你畫(huà)了個(gè)橢圓形你有想過(guò)，「夜晚又是怎么回事」?

betweenaustraliaandhere,right,theyvegotsummerandwevegotwinter,andwhat--doestheearthkindofrushtowardsthesunatnight,andthenrushbackagain?imean,itsaverystrangethinggoingon,andweholdthesetwomodelsinourhead,ofwhatsrightandwhatisntright,andwedothat,ashumanbeings,inallsortsoffields.

澳洲和美國(guó)這邊，澳洲是夏天這邊是冬天，莫非說(shuō)地球在晚上會(huì)沖向太陽(yáng)然后再?zèng)_回來(lái)?這實(shí)在很驚奇我們腦中有兩種思索模式，對(duì)的和錯(cuò)的身為人類(lèi)，我們?cè)谠S多領(lǐng)域都這樣思索

so,herescopernicusviewofwhatthesolarsystemlookedlikeasaplan.thatsprettymuchwhatyoushouldhaveonyourpieceofpaper.right?andthisisnasasview.theyrestunninglysimilar.ihopeyounoticethecoincidencehere.

左邊是哥白尼畫(huà)的太陽(yáng)系平面圖跟你們紙上畫(huà)的差不多，對(duì)吧右邊是nasa的版本，兩張圖特別相像我盼望大家留意其中的巧合要是你知道人們有錯(cuò)誤觀念

whatwouldyoudoifyouknewthatpeoplehadthismisconception,right,intheirheads,ofellipticalorbitscausedbyourexperiencesaschildren?whatsortofdiagramwouldyoushowthemofthesolarsystem,toshowthatitsnotreallylikethat?youdshowthemsomethinglikethis,wouldntyou?itsaplan,lookingdownfromabove.but,no,lookwhatifoundinthetextbooks.thatswhatyoushowpeople,right?

你會(huì)怎么做在他們腦中，楕圓形的軌道是他們兒時(shí)閱歷教的嗎?你會(huì)給他們看什么樣的太陽(yáng)系示意圖?證明太陽(yáng)系不是他們想的那樣你會(huì)給他們看這種圖嗎?這是俯瞰的平面圖可是并非如此，瞧瞧我在教科書(shū)里找到的你會(huì)給他們看這種圖對(duì)吧?

thesearefromtextbooks,fromwebsites,educationalwebsites--andalmostanythingyoupickupislikethat.andthereasonitslikethatisbecauseitsdeadboringtohavealoadofconcentriccircles,whereasthatsmuchmoreexciting,tolookatsomethingatthatangle,isntit?right?

出自教科書(shū)出自教育網(wǎng)站你找得到的幾乎都是這種圖會(huì)以這種視角呈現(xiàn)是由于只有一堆同心圓太死板無(wú)趣從這種視角看太陽(yáng)系比較新奇刺激不是嗎?

andbydoingitatthatangle,ifyouvegotthatmisconceptioninyourhead,thenthattwo-dimensionalrepresentationofathree-dimensionalthingwillbeellipses.soyouve--itscrap,isntitreally?aswesay.

由于弄成這種視角假如你腦中有了這種誤會(huì)用二度空間來(lái)呈現(xiàn)三度空間就會(huì)變成橢圓形這真是糟糕，可不是嗎?

so,thesementalmodels--welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels.wedothis,ofcourse,withmattersofrace,andpolitics,andeverythingelse,andwedoitinscienceaswell.sowelook,justlook--andscientistsdoit,constantly--welookforevidencethatreinforcesourmodels,andsomefolksarejustalltooableandwillingtoprovidetheevidencethatreinforcesthemodels.

因此，我們尋求證據(jù)來(lái)增加我們的心智模式我們用這種方式處理種族、政治、全部事當(dāng)然也用這種方式處理科學(xué)，我們只觀看是科學(xué)家在這么做，我們不斷尋求證據(jù)來(lái)增加我們的心智模式，有些人很有方法也愿意供應(yīng)證據(jù)來(lái)增加那些模式

so,beingimintheunitedstates,illhaveadigattheeuropeans.theseareexamplesofwhatiwouldsayisbadpracticeinscienceteachingcenters.

所以我現(xiàn)在人在美國(guó)，就會(huì)說(shuō)歐洲人的壞話(huà)這些圖片都是我認(rèn)為不良的科學(xué)教育

thesepicturesarefromlavilletteinfranceandthewelcomewingofthesciencemuseuminlondon.and,ifyoulookatthe,kindofthewaythesethingsareconstructed,theresalotofmediationbyglass,anditsveryblue,andkindofprofessional--inthatwaythat,youknow,woodyallencomesupfromunderthesheetsinthatsceneinanniehall,andsaid,god,thatssoprofessional.andthatyoudont--theresnopassioninit,anditsnothandson,right,and,youknow,punintended.

類(lèi)似教學(xué)中心，這些圖取自法國(guó)維葉特科博館以及倫敦科博館的迎賓翼展現(xiàn)區(qū)你看看這些東西建成的模樣有許多玻璃隔板，藍(lán)光色調(diào)，弄得很專(zhuān)業(yè)似的那種方式，就像是伍迪艾倫從床單里冒出來(lái)在《安妮霍爾》戲中的那一幕他說(shuō)“老天，這真是太專(zhuān)業(yè)了”這其中沒(méi)有熱忱，沒(méi)有動(dòng)手參加，是嗎這是個(gè)雙關(guān)，不過(guò)也有好的教學(xué)方法

whereasgoodinterpretation--illuseanexamplefromnearby--issanfranciscoexploratorium,whereallthethingsthat--thedemonstrations,andsoon,aremadeoutofeverydayobjectsthatchildrencanunderstand,itsveryhands-on,andtheycanengagewith,andexperimentwith.andiknowthatifthegraduatesatmitandintheimperialcollegeinlondonhadhadthebatteryandthewireandthebitofstuff,andyouknow,beenabletodoit,theywouldhavelearnedhowitactuallyworks,ratherthanthinkingthattheyfollowcircuitdiagramsandcantdoit.sogoodinterpretationismoreaboutthingsthatarebodgedandstuffedandofmyworld,right?andthingsthat--wherethereisntanextrabarrierofapieceofglassormachinedtitanium,anditalllooksfantastic,ok?

我舉一個(gè)例子，離這里很近，舊金山探究館在那里全部的東西，展現(xiàn)品之類(lèi)的都是用孩子能懂的日常用品做成的都可以動(dòng)手玩，孩子們可以用心玩好好體驗(yàn)我知道麻省理工畢業(yè)生以及倫敦帝國(guó)學(xué)院畢業(yè)生手上有電池電線(xiàn)點(diǎn)亮燈泡的話(huà)他們會(huì)明白其中的原理而不是覺(jué)得他們照著電路圖來(lái)做是做不到的好的教學(xué)方法不是沉溺沉醉在自己世界里對(duì)吧?那些東西也不該被隔著用玻璃或是鈦制品隔開(kāi)看起來(lái)很美麗就好，好嗎?

andtheexploratoriumdoesthatreally,reallywell.anditsamateur,butamateurinthebestsense,inotherwords,therootofthewordbeingofloveandpassion.

舊金山探究館在這點(diǎn)做得特別好看上去很業(yè)余，但業(yè)余得很對(duì)頭也就是說(shuō)，根本的動(dòng)身點(diǎn)是出自愛(ài)和熱忱

so,childrenarenotemptyvessels,ok?so,asmontypythonwouldhaveit,thisisabitlordprivysealtosayso,butthisis--childrenarenotemptyvessels.

所以，孩童不是空瓶子用“巨蟒劇團(tuán)”的說(shuō)法就是有點(diǎn)像英國(guó)掌璽大臣會(huì)說(shuō)的意思是說(shuō)孩童不是空無(wú)一物的瓶子

theycomewiththeirownideasandtheirowntheories,andunlessyouworkwiththose,thenyouwontbeabletoshiftthem,right?

他們生來(lái)就有自己的想法和理念假如你沒(méi)從這些地方著手，就轉(zhuǎn)變不了他們對(duì)吧?

andiprobablyhaventshiftedyourideasofhowtheworldanduniverseoperates,either.butthisapplies,equally,tomattersoftryingtosellnewtechnology.

我也許沒(méi)有轉(zhuǎn)變大家的想法對(duì)于世界和宇宙究竟如何運(yùn)作不過(guò)這些道理同樣可以用在推銷(xiāo)新科技上也

forexample,weare,inbritain,weretryingtodoadigitalswitchoverofthewholepopulationintodigitaltechnology[fortelevision].

例如，在英國(guó)，我們?cè)囍讶康碾娨暥紦Q成新科技的數(shù)位電視

anditsoneofthedifficultthingsisthatwhenpeoplehavepreconceptionsofhowitallworks,itsquitedifficulttoshiftthose.

有個(gè)難題是人們對(duì)事物運(yùn)作的方式一旦有了成見(jiàn)就很難去轉(zhuǎn)變

sowerenotemptyvessels;thementalmodelsthatwehaveaschildrenpersistintoadulthood.poorteachingactuallydoesmoreharmthangood.

我們不是空瓶子，我們保有心智模式從幼年到成年始終都存在不良的教學(xué)是弊多于利

inthiscountryandinbritain,magnetismisunderstoodbetterbychildrenbeforetheyvebeentoschoolthanafterwards,ok?sameforgravity,twoconcepts,soits--whichisquitehumbling,asa,youknow,ifyoureateacher,andyoulookbeforeandafter,thatsquiteworrying.theydoworseintestsafterwards,aftertheteaching.

在美國(guó)和英國(guó)，在磁力學(xué)問(wèn)上孩童在就學(xué)前學(xué)得比較好重力學(xué)問(wèn)也一樣，兩個(gè)不同概念，這實(shí)在可悲假如你是個(gè)老師，觀察受教前和受教后的差別實(shí)在令人憂(yōu)心，學(xué)童在受教后考得更差

andwecollude.wedesigntests,oratleastinbritain,sothatpeoplepassthem.right?andgovernmentsdoverywell.theypatthemselvesontheback.ok?

我們都是共犯，我們?cè)O(shè)計(jì)測(cè)驗(yàn)方式至少在英國(guó)是這樣，好讓人們能通過(guò)考試政府也幫了不少忙，他們推波助瀾懂嗎?

wecollude,andactuallyifyou--ifsomeonehaddesignedatestformewheniwasdoingmybiologyexams,toreallyunderstand,toseewhetheridunderstoodmorethanjustkindofputtingstarchandiodinetogetherandseeingitgoblue,andreallyunderstoodthatplantstooktheirmassoutoftheair,thenimighthavedonebetteratscience.sothemostimportantthingistogetpeopletoarticulatetheirmodels.

我們都是共犯假如有人替我設(shè)計(jì)測(cè)驗(yàn)在我要考生物的時(shí)候讓我能真正明白，明白我是否真的懂了不是只在淀粉中加入碘液看著反應(yīng)呈現(xiàn)藍(lán)色而且能真正明白植物是從空氣中健壯的我的科學(xué)可能就會(huì)學(xué)得比較好所以，最重要的是要讓人們能表述清晰他們的模型

yourhomeworkis--youknow,howdoesanaircr