虛擬語(yǔ)氣全面而強(qiáng)大公開課

虛擬語(yǔ)氣全面而強(qiáng)大公開課ifIwereabutterflyIf

a

butterfly

,

you

lord

for

giving

me

wings，If

a

robin

in

tree,

you

lord

that

I

could

sing，If

a

fish

in

the

sea,

my

tail

and

with

glee，But

I

just

thank

you

father

for

making

me,me,For

you

gave

me

a

heart

and

you

gave

me

a

smile，You

gave

me

Jesus

and

you

made

me

your

child，But

I

just

thank

you

father

for

making

me

,meI

wereI’dthankI

wereI

wereI’dthankI’dwiggleI’dgiggle______________________________________________________________QUESTION:Whydoweuse“…ifIwereabutterfly,I’dthanklordforgivingmewings.”?Whydon’twesay:“ifIamabutterfly,Iwillthanklordforgivingmewings.”?1.英語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有三種語(yǔ)氣，陳述語(yǔ)氣，祈使語(yǔ)氣和虛擬語(yǔ)氣。2.

定義：用來(lái)表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生或可能性比較小的情況，而是一種愿望，建議，假設(shè)的語(yǔ)氣叫虛擬語(yǔ)氣。一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣定義IfIamfree,

Iwillvisityou.

IfIwereabird,Iwouldflyintothesky.a.If引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句表示條件是真的或有可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用陳述語(yǔ)氣。b.If引導(dǎo)的虛擬條件句表示條件是無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)或幾乎無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的,采用虛擬語(yǔ)氣。afactualsituationawishCompareandfindthedifference.IndicativemoodsubjectivemoodWhydon’twesay:“ifIamabutterfly,Iwillthanklordforgivingmewings.”?Impossible！1.虛擬語(yǔ)氣在非真實(shí)‘if’條件句中的用法（unrealconditionalclause)2.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句IfIwereHarryPotter,Iwouldpossessmagic.1.如果我是哈利波特，我就會(huì)擁有魔法。2.如果我現(xiàn)在口袋里有6000元，我就去買Iphone5sIfIhad6000yuaninmypocketnow,IwouldbuyanIphone5s.Observe(觀察)IfIwereHarryPotter,Iwouldpossessmagic.IfIhadalotofmoney,Iwouldgoshopping.summaryoftherules對(duì)現(xiàn)在的虛擬Whatwouldyoudoifyouwereaboy(girl)?IfIwereaboy,Iwould…showtimeIfhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforwork.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）1.如果他早起，他就不會(huì)上班遲到。2.如果她沒(méi)有吃那么多的糖，她就不會(huì)被拔牙。Ifshehadn’teatensomuchcandy,shewouldn’thavehadherteethpulledout.Observe(觀察)Ifhehadgotupearly,hewouldnothavebeenlateforschool.Ifshehadn’teatensomuchcandy,shewouldn’thavehadherteethpulledout.summaryoftherules對(duì)過(guò)去的虛擬Ifhe__________

（drive)morecarefully,

he_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）haddrivenwouldnothavehadIfI________(learn)howtoswim,I__________________(be)trappedinthisisland.（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）hadlearntwouldnothavebeenLongtimeago,afarmersavedasnake.Butlater,thefarmerwasbittenbythesnakeanddied.theFarmerandtheSnake農(nóng)夫與蛇Whatwouldhavehappenedifthefarmerhadn’tseenthesnake?

Ifthefamer___________(notsee)thesnake,he_________________

(notput)itunderhiscoat;ifhe__________

(notput)itunderhiscoat,thesnake___________________

(notbite)him;ifthesnake____________

(notbite)him,he__________________(notdie).hadn’tseenwouldn’thaveputhadn’tputwouldn’thavebittenhadn’tbittenwouldn’thavedied.與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反的虛擬語(yǔ)氣：Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Imightgoshopping.Ifhegotupearlytomorrowmorning,hewouldbehereontime.Ifsheshouldseeme,shewouldrecognizeme.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.Ifitwerefinetomorrow,Imightgoshopping.Ifhegotupearlytomorrowmorning,hewouldbehereontime.Ifsheshouldseeme,shewouldrecognizeme.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoAmerica.Observe(觀察)對(duì)將來(lái)的虛擬Workwithyourpartnersaboutwhatwouldyoudoifyoushouldbeadmittedtoyourfamousuniversityinthefuture.pairworkIfIshouldbeadmittedtomyfavoriteuniversity,Iwould_________.IftheGod________________________(give)meanotherchance，I_________(tell)thegirlthreewords,“Iloveyou.”IfI______(haveto)setatimelimittoourlove,It_________(be)10,000years!shouldgive/weretogive/gave

wouldtellhadto

wouldbe

如果上天能夠給我一個(gè)再來(lái)一次的機(jī)會(huì)，我會(huì)對(duì)那個(gè)女孩子說(shuō)三個(gè)字：我愛(ài)你。如果非要在這份愛(ài)上加上一個(gè)期限，我希望是--一萬(wàn)年!

虛擬語(yǔ)氣用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話人所說(shuō)的話不是一個(gè)事實(shí)，而只是一種愿望、假設(shè)、懷疑、猜測(cè)、空想等。TheSubjunctiveMood條件從句If從句的謂語(yǔ)形式主句的謂語(yǔ)形式現(xiàn)在過(guò)去未來(lái)did/werehaddonewould/could/should/might+dowould/could/should/might+havedone1.did/were2.should+do3.weretodowould/could/should/might+do虛擬語(yǔ)氣1.If從句虛擬用法小結(jié)Summary小明是一個(gè)愛(ài)幻想的高中生。一天在課堂上，小明想：如果我是老師的話，就不用做作業(yè)了?？纯创巴猓窒耄喝绻魈煜掠甑脑?，體育課就要取消了。老師公布成績(jī)時(shí)，他又想：如果之前努力地學(xué)習(xí)，我就不會(huì)不及格了。SituationalWriting情景寫作XiaoMingisaseniorhighschoolstudentwholovestodream.Oneday…注意事項(xiàng)1.If虛擬條件句的省略2.If虛擬條件句的一個(gè)特殊句型3.錯(cuò)綜虛擬語(yǔ)氣WereittorainIfIwereyou,Iwouldhelphim.WereIyou,…Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Hadyoucomeearlier,…Ifitshouldrain,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.Shouldit

rain,…Ifitweretorain,thesportsmeetwillbeputoff.

1.If虛擬條件句的省略在含有were/should/had的if虛擬條件句中，省略if，并將were/should/had移到主語(yǔ)前。要是沒(méi)有空氣，沒(méi)植物可以生長(zhǎng)（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）要不是你的建議，我就不可能通過(guò)考試了（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）2.Specialpattern:ifitwerenotfor…ifithadnotbeenfor…若不是Ifitwerenotforair,noplantcouldgrow.Ifithadnotbeenforyouradvice,Icouldn’thavepassedtheexam.WereitnotforHaditnotbeenfor(1).不同時(shí)間的虛擬，遵守相應(yīng)的規(guī)則Ifyouhadfollowedtheteacher’sadvice,youwouldn’tbeinthehospitalnow.3.混合虛擬條件句1.Ifyouthemeetingyesterday,youwhatwearedoingnow.(attend,know)

2.Ifyoumyadvicethen,you___________introublenow.(follow,be)hadattendedwouldknowhadfollowedwouldnotbe（2）虛擬現(xiàn)象與客觀事實(shí)錯(cuò)綜交織Hecouldhavepassedtheexam,buthewasn’tcarefulenough.他本來(lái)能通過(guò)考試的，但他不夠細(xì)心。1.They______earlier,butthecarwasn’tready.A.canhaveleft B.mayhaveleftC.willhaveleft D.mighthaveleft2.—Wecouldhavewalkedtothestation;itwassonear.—Yes.Ataxi______atallnecessary.A.wasn’t B.hadn’tbeenC.wouldn’tbe D.won’tbeItissaidthatafallingstarcouldletyourdreamcometrue.Ifyousawafallingstar,whatwisheswouldyoumake?Iwish______Ⅱ.虛擬語(yǔ)氣用于賓語(yǔ)從句中1.wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句IwishIwereabird.IwishIcouldflylikeabird.IwishIwereastallasyou.

IwishIbecameas

famousasYaoMing.1)表示對(duì)現(xiàn)在情況的虛擬:從句動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去時(shí)(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)。Thepartywasterrible,IwishIhadnevergonetoit.IwishIhadn’teatensomuchwatermelon.(noteat)（2）wish表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的虛擬：Iwish（that）sbhaddone…Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.（3）對(duì)將來(lái)情況的虛擬：

Iwish(that)sbwould/could/mightdo…IwishI______________.(possess)wish+did/were(與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反的情況,)+haddone(與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反)+would/could/might+do(將來(lái)不大可能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望)小結(jié)：Iwish_____________________.“wish+賓語(yǔ)從句”表不能實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望，譯為“但愿……”

wish+賓語(yǔ)從句1.did/were（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）2.haddone(發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前)3.would/could/should/might+動(dòng)詞原形（發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后）IwishI______________(attend)yourpartyyesterday.hadattendedIwishit_________(be)springalltheyeararound.

were

Iwishyou___________(go)withustomorrow.wouldgoWish和asif/asthough及wouldrather后所接形式是一樣的。Sheisnotbeautiful.Shewishesshe_____(be)beautiful.IvotedforObama.IwishI________(voteagainst)him.3.Hecan’tdrawwell.Hewisheshe____________(candraw)verywellsomeday.werehadvotedagainstcoulddraw用在wouldrather引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中

謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用1.過(guò)去式（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）2.haddone（發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）3.would+動(dòng)詞原形（發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后）Iwouldratherwe_______(stop)now.stoppedIwouldrathershe______________(do)thatyesterday.hadnotdone謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用用在asif(asthough)引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句或狀語(yǔ)從句中

1.過(guò)去式（與主句動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生）2.haddone（發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之前）3.would+動(dòng)詞原形（發(fā)生在主句動(dòng)作之后）Helooksasifhe_____(be)anartist