2025屆高考英語熱點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)復(fù)習(xí)非謂語動(dòng)詞

Non-PredicateVerbs

2025屆高考英語熱點(diǎn)精準(zhǔn)復(fù)習(xí)

非謂語動(dòng)詞Whatisnon-predicateverb?

什么是非謂語動(dòng)詞？

謂語：說明主語所做的動(dòng)作或具有的特征和狀態(tài)。

它有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。He

works

inShanghai.He

willgo

toShanghai.He

didn’tgotoShanghai.He

hasgonetoShanghai.于是，加入了連詞并列連詞and,aswellas,but,yet,while,however,so,or,either…or…從屬連詞when,where,why,who,whom,whose,which,what,that…conjunction連詞非謂語動(dòng)詞不定式todo動(dòng)名詞doing分詞現(xiàn)在分詞doing過去分詞done一個(gè)句子已經(jīng)存在一個(gè)謂語動(dòng)詞，又沒有連詞的情況下，另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞需要用非謂語動(dòng)詞。She_____(leave)herhandbagonherseatyesterday.leftTask1:Shegotoffthebus,but_____(leave)herhandbagonherseatyesterday.Shegotoffthebus,_______(leave)herhandbagonherseatyesterday.left該句中_____（有/沒有）謂語動(dòng)詞，____（有/沒有）連詞，所以空格處應(yīng)使用_________（謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞）。動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)為_______。沒有沒有謂語動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)該句中_____（有/沒有）謂語動(dòng)詞，____（有/沒有）連詞連接兩個(gè)句子，所以空格處應(yīng)使用_________（謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞）。連詞連接的兩個(gè)句子時(shí)態(tài)為_______。有有謂語動(dòng)詞過去時(shí)非謂語？該句中_____（有/沒有）謂語動(dòng)詞，____（有/沒有）連詞，所以空格處應(yīng)使用____________（謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞）。有沒有非謂語動(dòng)詞Howtochooseasuitablenon-predicateverb?

如何選擇適當(dāng)?shù)姆侵^語動(dòng)詞？動(dòng)詞不定式todoIwenttotheshoptobuysometea.=Iwenttotheshopinordertobuysometea.2.Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisveryimportant.=Themeetingthatwillbeheldnextweekisveryimportant.動(dòng)詞不定式在句中通常表_______和_______。目的將來我去商店買了些茶。下周將要舉行的會(huì)議非常重要。2.Theyenteredtheclassroom,speakingandlaughing.向窗外望去，沙灘的景色盡收眼底。1.Looking

outofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.現(xiàn)在分詞doing=Ifyoulookoutofthewindow,youcanhaveafullviewofthebeach.=Theyenteredtheclassroomwhiletheywerespeakingandlaughing.現(xiàn)在分詞在句中通常表________和________。主動(dòng)進(jìn)行他們有說有笑地進(jìn)了教室。=Ifoundalltheproblemshavebeensolved.1.Consideredasabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.過去分詞done=Althoughitisconsideredasabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.2.Ifoundalltheproblemssolved.過去分詞在句中通常表________和_________。被動(dòng)完成木材作為一種建筑材料并不結(jié)實(shí)。我發(fā)現(xiàn)所有的問題都解決了。Task2__________(catch)theearlybus,hegotupearly.________(hear)

thenews,wejumpedwithjoy.Heenteredtheroom,__________(follow)byhislittlesister.TocatchHearingfollowed該句中_____（有/沒有）謂語動(dòng)詞，____（有/沒有）連詞，所以空格處應(yīng)使用__________（謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞）。此句意思為“為了趕上早班車”，表示_____，所以應(yīng)該使用____________。有沒有非謂語動(dòng)詞目的動(dòng)詞不定式該句中_____（有/沒有）謂語動(dòng)詞，____（有/沒有）連詞，所以空格處應(yīng)使用__________（謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞）。此句意思為“聽到消息”，動(dòng)詞hear與邏輯主語we之間是______關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)該使用__________。有沒有非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)現(xiàn)在分詞該句中____（有/沒有）謂語動(dòng)詞，____（有/沒有）連詞，所以空格處應(yīng)使用__________（謂語動(dòng)詞/非謂語動(dòng)詞）。此句意思為“被他的妹妹跟著”，動(dòng)詞follow與邏輯主語he之間是____關(guān)系，所以應(yīng)使用__________。有沒有非謂語動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)過去分詞非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種

形式及句法功能非謂語動(dòng)詞主動(dòng)式被動(dòng)式可充當(dāng)?shù)木渥映煞謩?dòng)詞不定式todotobedone主語、賓語表語、定語狀語、補(bǔ)語插入語tobedoing/tohavedonetohavebeendonetohavebeendoing/動(dòng)名詞doingbeingdone主語、賓語表語、定語havingdonehavingbeendone現(xiàn)在分詞doingbeingdone表語、定語狀語、補(bǔ)語插入語havingdonehavingbeendone過去分詞done非謂語動(dòng)詞的各種形式及句法功能非謂語動(dòng)詞做定語定語用來修飾、限定名詞或代詞。說明名詞的品質(zhì)或特征。可以由形容詞、名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞、定語從句等相當(dāng)于形容詞的詞、短語或句子來擔(dān)任。用在所修飾詞之前的叫前置定語，用在所修飾詞之后的叫后置定語。動(dòng)詞不定式做定語小結(jié)1：動(dòng)詞不定式在句中做定語，通常修飾_______________,多置于被修飾詞后做____________,不定式表________,主動(dòng)將來為todo,被動(dòng)將來為_______________。Theconference

totakeplaceinShanghainextweekisofgreatimportance.Themeeting_____________(hold)nextweekisveryimportant.名詞或代詞后置定語將來tobeheldtobedone動(dòng)詞不定式做定語小結(jié)2：作定語的不定式若為不及物動(dòng)詞，其后須有與之搭配的介詞。但是若不定式修飾的名詞是place,time或way時(shí)，介詞可省略。1.Theywantabighousetolivein.2.Hehasaplacetolive.動(dòng)詞不定式做定語1.ThenexttraintoarrivewasfromNewYork.2.Youaretheonlypersontobelateforsuchanimportantmeeting.3.Tomisalwaysthefirststudent

tocomeandthelasttoleave.小結(jié)3：當(dāng)被修飾詞是序數(shù)詞或是被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級(jí)、thenext、theonly、thelast等修飾時(shí)，常用不定式作后置定語，不定式和被修飾詞通常會(huì)構(gòu)成主動(dòng)關(guān)系。動(dòng)詞不定式做定語1.Ihavenothing

tofearbutfearitself.2.Doyouhaveanything

tosay?3.Thereisnothing

toworryabout.小結(jié)4：somthing,nothing,anything等不定代詞后常用動(dòng)詞不定式。動(dòng)詞不定式做定語小結(jié)5：抽象名詞ability、chance、idea、wish、fact、excuse、promise、attempt、opportunity、way、ambition等常用動(dòng)詞不定式作定語。1.Theability

toexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.2.Thisisthebestwaytodealwiththeproblem.動(dòng)詞不定式做定語動(dòng)詞-ing做定語awashingmachineanexhausting

job動(dòng)名詞：性質(zhì)、特征或用途現(xiàn)在分詞：名詞的狀態(tài)：主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行asleepingbabyabarkingdog動(dòng)詞-ing做定語（動(dòng)名詞vs現(xiàn)在分詞）單個(gè)動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語，常放在被修飾詞____作_____定語；動(dòng)詞-ing形式短語作定語，常放在被修飾詞____作______定語。前置前后后置1.Familiesgathertoadmirethe

shining

moon.2.FamiliescelebratingtheLunarNewYearcanenjoy

dragondances.動(dòng)詞-ing做定語（前置定語、后置定語）注意：若單個(gè)的V-ing形式修飾的詞為those，something,everything,nothing等代詞時(shí)，則-ing形式要放在其后，如somethinginteresting。①Theylivedinaroomfacingthestreet.②Theman

standingthere

isPeter'sfather.③Anybodyswimminginthisriverwillbefined.=Theylivedinaroomthatfacesthestreet.=Themanwhoisstandingthere

isPeter'sfather.=Anybodywhoisswimminginthisriver

willbefined.動(dòng)詞-ing做定語（定語從句）①Hisbrother,workingasateacher,livesinBeijing.②Theappletree,swayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.=Hisbrother,whoisworkingasateacher,livesinBeijing.=Theappletree,whichwasswayinggentlyinthebreeze,hadagoodcropoffruit.動(dòng)詞-ing做定語（定語從句）過去分詞做定語1.Mostpeoplejustusetheshortenedname"theUnitedKingdom"or"theUK".2.Our_________(retire)soccercoachwenttowatchusplayagamelastweek.小結(jié)1：過去分詞做定語，表示____________,單個(gè)過去分詞作定語，放于其修飾的名詞之____。retired過去分詞做定語被動(dòng)、完成前1.Theyusethesameflag,knownastheUnionJack.2.Thebridge________(build)in2019wasdesignedbyalocalcompany.小結(jié)2：過去分詞短語作定語，一般置于其修飾的名詞之____。built過去分詞做定語后Thestadium_________(design)lastyearisthebiggestoneinourcity.Families____________(celebrate)theLunarNewYearcanenjoyexcitingdragondancesandcarnivalstogether.Thebuilding____________(build)nowwillbefinishedintwomonth.Thearticle__________(write)byhimiswellworthreading.I’mgoingtothesupermarket.Doyouhaveanything________(buy)?designedcelebratingbeingbuiltwrittenExercisetobuy非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語狀語用于修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子。表示動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、目的等狀況，說明形容詞或副詞的程度?？梢杂筛痹~、介詞短語、不定式、分詞短語、從句等多種形式擔(dān)任。位置比較自由，一般在句末，也可放在句首或句中。動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語Icomeheretosaygood-byetoyou.Toincreaselevelsofcommunityservice,someschoolshavelaunchedcompulsoryvolunteerprogrammes.Hestudieshardsoastoenterakeyuniversity.

動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語小結(jié)1：動(dòng)詞不定式作目的狀語，表示“為了……”，可放在句首或句末。常用結(jié)構(gòu)為todo、inordertodo、soastodo(不能置于句首)等。小結(jié)2：動(dòng)詞不定式作結(jié)果狀語，通常放在句末，常用于下列結(jié)構(gòu)中:Peterwenttothepostoffice,onlytofindtheletterwasleftathome.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.onlytodo表示意想不到的結(jié)果adj./adv.+enoughtodo足夠……做……too...todo太……而不能做……so/such...asto...如此……以至于……動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語小結(jié)3：動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語。表示喜、怒、哀、樂等的形容詞作表語時(shí)，后可接不定式作原因狀語，用以說明產(chǎn)生這種心理活動(dòng)或情緒的原因，常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)的形容詞有sorry、surprised、disappointed、excited、glad、happy、anxious、delighted、pleased、foolish等。I’mpleasedtohearaboutyournews.動(dòng)詞不定式做狀語動(dòng)詞不定式做獨(dú)立成分tobehonesttobefrankTotellyouthetruthtostart/tobeginwithtomakethingsworthtobesuretobeexact說實(shí)在的，老實(shí)說坦率地講，坦白說說真的，說實(shí)話首先更糟糕的是的確，確實(shí)精確地說分詞做狀語分詞做狀語

分詞做狀語，其邏輯主語與句子主語一致。分詞做狀語一般有以下形式：doing與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。havingdong與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生。done與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。beingdone與句子主語是被動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示與謂語動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。havingbeendone與句子主語是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，表示先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生。1.Whenhewalkedoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Walkingoutoftheroom,hesawadog.Knowingitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.2.AlthoughIknowitisdifficult,Idon’tgiveup.3.Marysatbythewindowandwasreadingabook.Marysatbythewindow,readingabook.4.Asdidn’tknowtheway,hegotlost.Notknowingtheway,hegotlost.5.Ifwestudyhard,wewillsucceed.Studyinghard,wewillsucceed.時(shí)間讓步伴隨原因條件1.Whenhewasaskedwhyhewasabsent,thelittleboyliedthathewasill.Askedwhyhewasabsent,thelittleboyliedthathewasill.Leftaloneathome,Jennydidn'tfeelafraidatall.2.Althoughshewasleftaloneathome,Jennydidn'tfeelafraidatall.3.Theteacherwasfollowedbyhisstudents,andhewentintothelab.Followedbyhisstudents,theteacherwentintothelab.4.Ashewasinjuredintheleg,hecouldn'ttakepartinthesportsmeeting.Injuredintheleg,hecouldn'ttakepartinthesportsmeeting.5.Iftheyweregivenenoughwater,thenewly-plantedtreeswouldn'thavedied.Givenenoughwater,thenewly-plantedtreeswouldn'thavedied.時(shí)間讓步伴隨原因條件分詞做獨(dú)立成分generallyspeakingfranklyspeakingjudgingfromseeingthatconsideringthatproviding/providedthatgiven…一般來說坦率地講根據(jù)…判斷由于，鑒于考慮到如果考慮到，鑒于注意1：分詞作狀語，其邏輯主語一般就是句子的主語，它們之間是一種邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Hearingthenews,tearsrandownherface.Hearingthenews,shecried.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,thegardenwasbeautiful.Lookingoutthroughthewindow,Ifoundthegardenbeautiful.FFTT判斷正誤注意2：havingdone表示比先于謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生,句子主語與havingdone是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。1._________________(turn)

offtheTV,hebegantogooverhislessons.2.______________(finish)hishomework,hewentouttoplayfootballwithhisfriends.3._________________(buy)

whatsheneeded,Mrs.Smithwentoutofthemarket.HavingturnedHavingfinishedHavingbought注意3：非謂語動(dòng)詞做狀語，其邏輯主語往往與句子地主語一致，但有時(shí)分詞有自己地主語，即構(gòu)成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，其形式為：名詞/代詞+doing/done/todoTheweather

beingfine,we

wentoutforawalk.Winter

coming,it

getscolderandcolder.Timepermitting,

Iwillgowithyou._______(keep)inrefrigerator,thesevegetableswillremainfresh.Shewalkedoutofthehouse,________byherlittledaughter.(follow)Shewalkedoutofthehouse,________herlittledaughter.(follow)___________(consider)asabuildingmaterial,woodisnotverystrong.__________(hear)thenews,wejumpedwithjoy._________(move)bythismusic,hesaid,“Itwaslikeseeingcolorforthefirsttime.”ExerciseKeptfollowedfollowingConsideredHearingMoved非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓語賓語指動(dòng)作的承受對(duì)象或行為的承受者。可由多種詞類擔(dān)任，包括名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞化的形容詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或賓語從句。分為直接賓語和間接賓語。通常位于及物動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。決心學(xué)會(huì)想希望只能跟動(dòng)詞不定式做賓語decide/determine,learn,want,hope/expect/wish拒絕設(shè)法愿假裝refuse,manage,care,pretend主動(dòng)答應(yīng)選計(jì)劃同意請(qǐng)求幫一幫offer,promise,choose,planagree,ask/beg,help考慮建議盼原諒只能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語consider,suggest/advise,lookforwardto,excuse/pardon承認(rèn)推遲沒得想admit,delay/putoff,fancy避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練否認(rèn)完成就欣賞avoid,miss,keep/keepon,practicedeny,finish,enjoy/appreciate禁止想象才冒險(xiǎn)forbid,imagine,risk不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡只能跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語can’thelp,mind,allow/permit,escape難以忍受始反對(duì)can’tstand,setabout,objectto想要成功堅(jiān)持忙習(xí)慣放棄有困難feellike,succeedin,stickto/insiston,bebusybeused/accustomedto,giveup,havedifficulty/troublein導(dǎo)致專心防道歉leadto,devoteto,prevent/stop/keep…from,apologizeforforgettodoforgetdoing既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞做賓語忘記去做…忘記做過…remembertodorememberdoing記得去做…記得做過…regrettodoregretdoing遺憾要做…后悔做過…trytodotrydoing努力做…嘗試去做…stoptodostopdoing停下來去做…停止做…meantodomeandoing打算做…意味著做…goontodogoondoing繼續(xù)做（另一件事）繼續(xù)做（同一件事）can’thelptodocan’thelpdoing不能幫助做…忍不住做…非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ)足語用于補(bǔ)充說明賓語的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)等，使句子意思更加完整和明確。通常與賓語一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語，其中賓語是句子的核心，而賓語補(bǔ)足語則是對(duì)賓語的補(bǔ)充說明?？捎啥喾N詞類充當(dāng)，包括名詞、形容詞、副詞、介詞短語、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞等。位置一般放在賓語后。02使役動(dòng)詞“三使”have/get/make01感官動(dòng)詞“五看二聽一感覺”03With+賓語+賓補(bǔ)隨著…常見可接非謂語動(dòng)詞作賓補(bǔ)的詞和結(jié)構(gòu)

非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)，其邏輯主語是賓語，根據(jù)兩者間的主動(dòng)和被動(dòng)關(guān)系，以及非謂語動(dòng)詞發(fā)生的時(shí)間，選擇相應(yīng)的形式。Ifeltsomeone______(pat)meontheback.Hefoundhisnewbike______.(steal)小結(jié)1：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示____________。過去分詞做賓語補(bǔ)足語，表示____________。主動(dòng)、進(jìn)行被動(dòng)、完成stolenpatting非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)小結(jié)2：非謂語動(dòng)詞用在感官動(dòng)詞________________________________________________等之后。

Isawhim_______(bite)byadog.Listentothebirds_______.(sing)bitten

lookat,see,watch,

observe,notice,listento,hear,feelsinging非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)小結(jié)3：過去分詞用在使役動(dòng)詞之后，如：__________________________表示_________。Iraisedmyvoicetomakemyself_______.(hear)I'msorrytohavekeptyou_______.(wait)heard“使/讓…”have,make,get,keep,leave非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)waitingWithsomanypeople________(look)ather,shefeltnervous.Thethiefwasbroughtinwith

hishands________(tie)behindhisback.tied小結(jié)4：非謂語動(dòng)詞用在“______+賓語＋賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中。with非謂語動(dòng)詞做賓補(bǔ)lookingIheardmysister________(sing)thatsonginEnglishoutside.Theyonceheardthesong_______(sing)inEnglish.Motherheardherkid__________(open)thedoor.Motherheardthedoor________(open).Theycaughthim__