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文檔簡(jiǎn)介
定語(yǔ)從句
vs
同位語(yǔ)從句
attributiveclausevsappositiveclause語(yǔ)法功能和概念先行詞引導(dǎo)詞1精選2021版課件語(yǔ)法功能和概念上的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句——形容詞性從句:
對(duì)先行詞的性質(zhì)、特征進(jìn)行描述
與先行詞是修飾與被修飾的關(guān)系(即修飾限定)同位語(yǔ)從句——名詞性從句:
對(duì)前面名詞進(jìn)一步的補(bǔ)充性解釋說(shuō)明
它與前面的名詞是同位關(guān)系,即前面名詞是從句的概括總結(jié),從句是前面名詞的具體內(nèi)容
名詞與該同位語(yǔ)從句有邏輯上的系表關(guān)系,可用“主+系+表”來(lái)構(gòu)成它們之間的邏輯關(guān)系,而定語(yǔ)從句與它所修飾的先行詞無(wú)法用be來(lái)構(gòu)成語(yǔ)法上的邏輯關(guān)系。(即解釋說(shuō)明)2精選2021版課件語(yǔ)法功能和概念上的區(qū)別實(shí)例:*Thereisafaintchancethatyouwillfindhimathome.若用“主+系+表”結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表示,則是“afaintchanceisthatyouwillfindhimathome”,這在邏輯上成立。實(shí)例:*Itwasthechanceshehadbeenwaitingfor.而“thechanceisshehadbeenwaitingfor”這在邏輯上不成立。3精選2021版課件先行詞上的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞可以是名詞,代詞,主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句。同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是抽象名詞,如:idea,news,answer,fact,hope,thought,belief,order,truth,possibility等。同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞往往沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式實(shí)例:ThemessagesthathewouldteachusEnglishcheeredusupyesterday.(×)注意:stage,situation,point,case,position,condition等詞一般用where引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句,表達(dá)“階段、情況”4精選2021版課件先行詞上的區(qū)別實(shí)例:①Theboywhoisplayingfootballismyclassmate.②Thosewhoworkhardwillsucceed.③Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.④Thefactthatyouaretalkingaboutisimportant.在①句中,其先行詞是普通名詞boy,是定語(yǔ)從句,它不能用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。在②句中,其先行詞是代詞those,是定語(yǔ)從句,代詞不能用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。在③句是同位語(yǔ)從句,其先行詞是名詞fact,它同樣可以用作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,④句便是一例。由以上分析可見(jiàn),同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞一定可以用作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,但定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞不一定能用作同位語(yǔ)從句的先行詞。5精選2021版課件引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句共同的引導(dǎo)詞有四個(gè):that,when,where,why。引導(dǎo)詞如how,whether,what可以引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句但不能引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。*Weareinvestigatingthequestionwhetherheistrustworthy.6精選2021版課件引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別1.引導(dǎo)詞that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的that叫做關(guān)系代詞,它除了起連接作用,還在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)成分(作賓語(yǔ)可省略),并且在意義上代表先行詞;引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句的that叫做從屬連詞,它只起連接作用且不可省略。實(shí)例:①Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallyexciting.②No
one
can
deny
the
essential
fact
that
the
traffic
problem
over
the
last
years
has
caused
wide
pubic
concern
all
over
the
world.
①句是定語(yǔ)從句,that在從句中作賓語(yǔ),在意義上指代先行詞news。②句是同位語(yǔ)從句,that沒(méi)有任何意義,只起連接作用。7精選2021版課件引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)別2.引導(dǎo)詞when,where,why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它們叫做關(guān)系副詞,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),可以轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式;引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí),它們叫做連接副詞,在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ),但不能轉(zhuǎn)換成"介詞+關(guān)系代詞"的形式People
will
always
keepinmind
the
time
when(=atwhich)
Hong
Kong
and
Macao
returned
to
our
motherland
.Peopletrappedintheroomhadnoideawheretheywerewhentheyregainedawareness.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,duringwhich(=when)thesailingtimewas226days.Forevergone
arethe
days
when(=onwhich)
the
Chinese
people
used
“foreign
oil”.Harmonious
interpersonal
relationship
is
the
primary
reason
why
I
enjoy
working
here.
8精選2021版課件小結(jié)功能和概念先行詞引導(dǎo)詞定語(yǔ)從句修飾限定名詞、代詞、主句的一部分或是整個(gè)主句that,which,who,whom,whose,when,where,why同位語(yǔ)從句解釋說(shuō)明抽象名詞(可數(shù)名詞為單數(shù))that,who,what,when,where,why,how,whether,what9精選2021版課件Translatesentencesbelow:1.This
was
the
period
when
Newton
began
the
research
which
resulted
in
the
creation
of
his
famous
Theory
of
Gravity.2.Hemadeapromisethatwhoevercouldsethimfree,hewouldshowhimallthetreasuresintheworld.3.AbrightideasuddenlystruckmethatIcouldusethemoneyIsavedtohelpapoorstudentinthecountryside.4.Although
he
is
a
green
hand,
he
has
enterprise
and
creativity
which
are
decisive
in
winning
success
in
the
field.
5.Thewholetruthcameoutatlastthathewasawolfinsheep′sclothing.6.Thepossibilitythatthemajorityofthelabourforcewillworkathomeisoftendiscussed.10精選2021版課件Practicemakesperfect:1.Thereisnoobviousevidence_____thereislifeonanyotherplanetinthesolarsystem.A.whichB.thatC.howD.where2.I
can
think
of
many
cases
______students
obviously
know
a
lot
of
English
words
and
expressions
but
couldn’t
write
a
good
essay.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.atwhich11精選2021版課件Practicemakesperfect:3.Thereisanewprobleminvolvedinthepopularityofprivatecars____________roadconditionsneed____________.A.that;tobeimproved B.which;tobeimprovedC.where;improving D.when;improving12精選2021版課件Practicemakesperfect:4.
Astorygoes______ElizabethIofEnglandlikednothingmorethatbeingsurroundedbycleverandqualifiednoblemenatcourt.
A.when
B.where
C.whatD.that5.Ofthetwobrothers,Billis_____youngerone,andheisaquiteboy,______thatmostadultslikeverymuch.A.a;oneB.a;theoneC.the;oneD.the;theone13精選2021版課件ThanksforlisteningLiving
without
an
aim
is
like
sailing
without
a
compass.
--
John
Ruskin
生活沒(méi)有目標(biāo),猶如航海沒(méi)有羅盤(pán)。--
羅斯金
Whatisyouraim?14精選2021版課件還可以說(shuō):Itstruck/hit/occurto/cometosbthat...都表達(dá)某人突然想到...*15精選2021版課件類似的用法還有:Thereisnodoubt/denying/possibility/chancethat...無(wú)疑/不可否認(rèn)/不可能注意:固定搭配Itisnowonderthat...難怪Thereisnodenyingthatthephenomenonhasharmedalltheanimalsthattheearthisbecomingincreasinglywarm.*16精選2021版課件以下隱含有“地點(diǎn)”之意的詞如:point,situation,stage,position,case,condition常用where(=介詞+which)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句
The
treatment
will
continue
until
the
patient
reaches
the
point
________
he
can
walk
correctly
and
safely.
A.
when
B.
where
C.
which
D.
whose
*Thatisthepointthattheteacherwantstostress.*17精選2021版課件固定搭配The/Astorygoesthat...意為據(jù)說(shuō)...=Itissaidthat...類似表達(dá)如:Thenewsgotaboutthathehadwonacarinthelottery.Therumourspreadthatanewschoolwouldbebuilthere.ReporthasitthattheSmithsareleavingthetown.Word/Newscamethatmostpeoplehadsurvivedtheaccident.*18精選2021版課件Is
this
factory_______
your
father
wo
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