初升高英語暑假銜接第2部分-專題27.必修第一冊UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS -Reading and Thinking單詞課文預習（教師版）

UNIT4NATURALDISASTERS--ReadingandThinking單詞，課文預習一．詞匯預先知Ⅰ.單詞——記其形1．cometotheir__rescue營救他們2．causedamagetohishealth損害他的健康3．destroyhopes摧毀希望4．buildsheltersforthehomeless為無家可歸者搭建庇護所5．ruinourtrip毀壞我們的旅行6．30percentstudents百分之三十的學生7．betrappedinthe__ruins被困在廢墟中8．burythedead埋葬死者9．makegreaterefforts盡更大的努力Ⅱ.單詞——知其意1．disastern．災難；災害2．tornadon.龍卷風；旋風3．droughtn.旱災；久旱4．landsliden.(山地或懸崖的)崩塌；滑坡5．slidevi.&vt.(使)滑行；滑動6．tsunamin.海嘯7．floodn.洪水；大量vi.淹沒；大量涌入vt.使灌滿水；淹沒8．magnituden.(地)震級；重大9．evacuatevt.疏散；撤出vi.撤離10．helicoptern.直升機11．crackn.裂紋；裂縫vi.&vt.(使)破裂12．gasn.汽油；氣體；燃氣13．brickn.磚；磚塊14．metaln.金屬15．electricityn.電；電能16．unifyvi.&vt.統(tǒng)一；(使)成一體17．contextn.上下文；語境；背景Ⅲ.單詞——通其變1．deathn．死；死亡→deadadj.無生命的2．shockn．震驚；令人震驚的事；休克vt.(使)震驚→shockingadj.令人震驚的→shockedadj.感到震驚的3．breathevi.&vt.呼吸→breathn．呼吸4．revivevt.&vi.復活；(使)蘇醒→revivaln．振興；復蘇5．suffervt.遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲傷等)受苦→sufferingn．折磨；苦難6．wisdomn．智慧；才智→wiseadj.明智的；聰明的7．affect__vt.影響；(疾病)侵襲；深深打動→effectn．效果，作用Ⅳ.詞塊——英漢譯1．asif似乎；好像；仿佛2．inruins嚴重受損；破敗不堪3．inshock震驚；吃驚4．setup建立5．asusual像往常一樣6．cometoanend結束7．thenumberof……的數(shù)量8．digout挖掘9．ahometo……的家園10．gothrough經歷11．begone沒有了12．providemedicalcare提供醫(yī)療服務課文精研讀原文呈現(xiàn)THENIGHTTHEEARTHDIDN’TSLEEPStrangethingswerehappeninginthecountrysideofnortheastern①Hebei.Forseveraldays,thewaterinthevillagewells②rose③andfell，roseandfell.Thereweredeepcracksthatappearedinthewellwalls.Atleastonewellhadsomesmelly④gascomingoutofit【1】．Chickensandevenpigsweretoonervoustoeat【2】，anddogsrefusedtogoinsidebuildings.Miceranoutofthefieldslookingforplacestohide【3】，andfishjumpedoutofthewater.Atabout3：00a．m.,on28July1976,brightlightswereseenintheskyoutsidethecityofTangshanandloudnoiseswereheard.Butthecity’sonemillionpeoplewereasleep⑤asusual⑥thatnight.【1】“comingoutofit”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作后置定語，修飾gas。gas與come之間為邏輯上的主謂關系?！?】此處為“too...to...”結構，表示“太……而不能……”?！?】“l(fā)ookingforplacestohide”在此為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語，Mice與lookfor之間為邏輯上的主謂關系，“尋找”與“跑”同時進行。At3：42a．m.,everythingbegantoshake⑦.Itseemedasiftheworldwerecomingtoanend⑧【4】！Elevenkilometresdirectly⑨belowthecity,oneofthemostdeadly⑩earthquakesofthe20thcenturyhadbegun,aquakethatevencauseddamagemorethan?150kilometresawayinBeijing【5】．Nearlyonethirdofthewholenationfeltit!Ahugecrack,eightkilometreslongand30metreswide,cutacrosshouses,roads，andwaterways?.Hardhillsofrockbecameriversofdirt.Inlessthanoneminute,alargecitylayinruins?.Twothirdsofthepeoplewholivedthereweredeadorinjured.Thousandsofchildrenwereleftwithoutparents【6】．Thenumberof?peoplewhowerekilledorbadlyinjuredinthequakewasmorethan400，000.【4】本句中asif引導表語從句，該從句使用了虛擬語氣?！?】“aquakethatevencaused...inBeijing”為“oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakes”的同位語，其中“thatevencaused...inBeijing”為that引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞aquake，that在從句中作主語。【6】此處為“l(fā)eave＋賓語＋賓補”結構的被動形式。Everywheresurvivors?looked,therewasnothingbutruins【7】．Nearlyeverythinginthecitywasdestroyed.About75percentofthecity’sfactoriesandbuildings,90percentofitshomes,andallofitshospitalsweregone?.Brickscoveredthegroundlikeredautumnleaves,butnowindcouldblowthemaway?.Mostbridgeshadfallenorwerenotsafetocross【8】．Therailwaytracks?werenowuseless?piecesofmetal.Tensofthousandsofcows,hundredsofthousandsofpigs,andmillionsofchickensweredead.Sandnowfilledthewellsinsteadof?water.Peoplewereinshockeq\o(○,\s\up4(21))—andthen,laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakeshookTangshanagain.Evenmorebuildingsfelldowneq\o(○,\s\up4(22)).Water,food,andelectricityeq\o(○,\s\up4(23))werehardtoget.Peoplebegantowonderhowlongthedisasterwouldlast【9】．【7】Everywheresurvivorslooked是地點狀語從句。Everywhere既是副詞，也作連詞，引導地點狀語從句。主句中用了“nothingbut...”結構，but是介詞，意為“除……之外”；該結構后可跟名詞、代詞或動詞不定式，如果nothing前面有實義動詞do時，后跟的動詞不定式要省略to?！?】此處是“主語＋be＋adj.(＋forsb)＋不定式”句型，不定式用主動形式表示被動意義。下文中的“Water，food，andelectricitywerehardtoget”也屬于此句型?！?】how在此作連接副詞，引導賓語從句，同時作狀語修飾形容詞long。Buthopewasnotlost.Soonafterthequakes,thearmysent150，000soldierstoTangshantodigouteq\o(○,\s\up4(24))thosewhoweretrappedeq\o(○,\s\up4(25))andtoburyeq\o(○,\s\up4(26))thedead【10】．Morethan10，000doctorsandnursescametoprovidemedicalcareeq\o(○,\s\up4(27)).Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.Hundredsofthousandsofpeoplewerehelped.Waterandfoodwerebroughtintothecitybytrain,truck,andplane.Slowly,thecitybegantobreatheeq\o(○,\s\up4(28))again.【10】本句中“todigout...andtoburythedead”為兩個并列的動詞不定式作目的狀語，其中whoweretrapped為who引導的定語從句，修飾先行詞those；先行詞為those且指人時，定語從句要用who引導。thedead表示“死者”，屬于“the＋adj.”結構。Tangshanstartedtoreviveeq\o(○,\s\up4(29))itselfandgetbackuponitsfeeteq\o(○,\s\up4(30)).Withstrongsupportfromthegovernmentandthetirelesseq\o(○,\s\up4(31))effortseq\o(○,\s\up4(32))ofthecity’speople,anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins.Thenewcityhasbecomeahometomorethansevenmillionpeople,withgreatimprovementsintransportation,industry,andenvironment.Tangshancityhasprovedeq\o(○,\s\up4(33))toChinaandtherestoftheworldthatintimesofeq\o(○,\s\up4(34))disaster，peoplemustunifyeq\o(○,\s\up4(35))andshowthewisdomeq\o(○,\s\up4(36))tostaypositiveandrebuildeq\o(○,\s\up4(37))forabrighterfuture【11】．【11】本句使用了“proveto...that...”結構，that引導的賓語從句作prove的直接賓語；其中tostaypositive為不定式短語作后置定語，修飾抽象名詞wisdom。Fillintheblanksaccordingtothetext.SeveraldaysbeforeJuly28，1976,manystrangethingshappenedinTangshan.Thewaterinthevillagewellsroseandfell.Deepcracksappearedinthewellwalls,andeven1.smelly(smell)gaswascomingoutofonewell.Someanimalsalsohadsomeunusualbehaviour.Butpeopleinthecity,2.whowereasleepasusualthatnight,didn’tthinkmuchofthese.At3：42am，oneofthemostdeadlyearthquakesofthe20thcenturybrokeout.ItdestroyedthecityandevencauseddamageinBeijing.Inlessthanoneminute,Tangshan3.lay(lie)inruins.Thenumberofpeoplewhowerekilledor4.terribly(terrible)injuredinthequake5.was(be)morethan400，000.Laterthatafternoon,anotherbigquakestruckTangshanagain.Morebuildingsfelldown.Water,food,andelectricitywerehard6.to__get(get)．Butallthehopewasn’tlost.Soonafterthequakes,teamswereorganisedtodigoutthetrappedandburythedead.Manymorepeople,7.including(include)workersanddoctors,cametoprovidehelp.Throughallthe8.efforts(effort),thecitybegantobreatheagain.Today,9.anewTangshanwasbuiltupontheearthquakeruins,whichhasproved10.totheentireworldthatintimesofdisaster,peoplemustunifyandshowthewisdomtostaypositiveandrebuildforabrighterfuture.三．隨堂精訓練【小題夯基】一.單詞拼寫1．Inordertocatchthebear，somevillagerssetatrap(陷阱)andcovereditwithsomeleaves.2．Itiswrongofyoutowasteelectricity(電)inyourdailylife.3．Theheavyrainlastnightcausedfloods(洪水)inmanymountainousareas.4．Toomuchdrinkingwilldodamage(傷害)toyourhealth;youshouldtakethedoctor’sadvice.5．Weshouldfindashelter(躲避處)fromthewind.6．Thisisoneoftheworstnaturaldisasters(災難)evertohitthearea.7．Theflowerssoonrevived(復活)afterIwateredtheminthemorning.8．Wangcollectedmorethan7millionabandonedbricks(磚塊)ofdifferentages.9．Plasticpartscantaketheplaceofmetal(金屬)onesinmanymachines,buttheydon’tlastlong.10．Youshouldbeabletoguessthemeaningofthewordfromthecontext(上下文)．二.詞形變化1．Affected(affect)withahighfever,hecontinuedwithhiswork.2．Wisdom(wise)isknowingwhattodonext,skillisknowinghowtodoit,andvirtueisdoingit.3．Inancienttimes,peoplebelievedthattheycouldbebroughtbacktolifeafterdeath(dead)．4．Ilikegettingupearlyinthemorning.Themorningairisgoodto__breathe(breath)．5．Allthelistenerswere__shocked(shock)whentheyheardtheterriblenewsonradio.6．Thoughthesoldiershavebeenworkingforfifteenhours,theycarryonlookingforsurvivors(survive)inruins.7．Thedoctordecidedtooffersomeadvicetotheathletesuffering(suffer)fromabadback.8．Burying(bury)himselfinthenewspaper，hedidn’tnoticewhatwashappening.9．Hewas__trapped(trap)inthetrafficjamandfelthelpless.10．Theearthquakewassobigthatmostofthehousesinthesmallvillagewerecompletelydestroyed(destroy)．【大題提能】APeopleacrossWesternEuropeareexperiencingaheatwavethisweek,withtheworststilltocomeonThursday.Officialssoundedhigh－temperaturehealthwarningsonWednesday,mindfulthatsomeheatwavesbeforehadcausedthousandsofdeathsacrossanareawherepeoplearenotusedtosuchweatherandfewhomeshaveairconditioning.RenePierron,51,astreetcleaneratParisCityHall,wasnotlucky，andsaiditwasdifficulttoworkoutdoorsundersuchconditions.“Thebuildingsandroadsheretaketheheatinduringthedayandactlikeradiators(散熱器)—it’sunbearable，”hesaidwhiletakingabreakneartheAvenuedesChamps－Elysees.KateSimmonds,also51,whoworksinarestaurantincentralLondon,couldcommiserate(同情)．“It’ssohot—wecan’tworklikethis，”shesaidonWednesday.Butshesaidbusinesswasgoodthisweek，withplentyofpeoplebuyingcolddrinksandicecream.Nationafternationhavegivenhealth－relatedwarningforpeoplebecomingtiredandweakintheheat.Belgiumgaveitshighestwarningsinceitsweatherwarningsystemwasputinplace20yearsago,andGermanyplacedthewholecountryunderaheatwarning.Britain’sweatherservice,theMetOffice,placedfiveofEngland’snineareas,includingLondon,ona“LevelThree”heathealthwatch,onelevelshortofanationalemergency.LizBentley,thechiefexecutiveofBritain’sRoyalMeteorologicalSociety,warned:“WhileacountrylikeBritainisnotusedtoheatwaves，theycouldbecomemorecommonbecauseofthechangingclimate(氣候)．IfyouliveinaMediterraneancountry,thepopulationadaptsto(適應)thesetemperatures.Butwe’llseethenumberofdeathsgoupinthenextcomingdays.”GraceKnee,29,wasanexception,lovingtheheat.“Ilovethisweather，”shesaid,addingthatshehadappliedstrongsunscreenbeforestayingunderthesun.“Ijustlikegettingatan(曬黑的皮膚)．”【語篇解讀】本文是新聞報道。熱浪席卷西歐，各國紛紛拉響警報。1．WhatdidRenePierronthinkoftheweather?A．Itcreatedsomebusinesschances. B．Itmadehisworkmoredifficult.C．Itmightleadtopeopledying. D．Itwouldendsoon.答案B[推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的saiditwasdifficultto...radiators—it’sunbearable，可知，RenePierron認為此次高溫使他的戶外工作變得很困難。]2．HowdidGermanydealwiththeheatwave?A．Ithadcarriedoutmanyhelpfulactions. B．Itsuggestedpeoplestayawayfromwork.C．Itwarnedthewholecountryoftheheat. D．Itprovidedairconditioningforpoorpeople.答案C[細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段中的Germanyplacedthewholecountryunderaheatwarning可知，德國向全體國民發(fā)出了高溫警告。]3．WhatdoLizBentley’swordsmean?A．Suchweatherwillappearmorefrequently. B．TheweatherhaslittleinfluenceonBritain.C．Thousandsofpeoplewilldiebecauseoftheweather.D．Peoplehavefullyrealizedthedangeroftheweather.答案A[推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的WhileacountrylikeBritainis...adaptstothesetemperatures可知，LizBentley認為，由于氣候變化的原因，此類天氣會出現(xiàn)得更加頻繁。]4．Whatisthebesttitleforthistext?A．HeatwavespreadsacrossEuropeB．HeatwavemakesthingsbadforhumanbeingsC．EuropetriestofindwaystodealwithheatwaveD．Heatwavecallsforpeopletoprotecttheenvironment答案A[標題歸納題。本文是一篇新聞報道。該報道指出，歐洲各國受熱浪影響，氣溫屢創(chuàng)新高，各國針對這一現(xiàn)象，紛紛拉響高溫警報。此次熱浪嚴重影響了人們的正常生活。因此，A項為本文的標題。]BLifehasbeendifficultforGerardDunnsincehiswifepassedawaysixmonthsago.Butthankfully,theInternetistheretocheerhimup.92－year－oldGerardand82－year－oldEllenhadbeenmarriedformorethansixtyyears.WhileEllenworkedasateacher,GerardworkedasaCanadaPostpostman.Forthisreason,Gerardlovesthemail.SinceEllendiedearlierthisyear,Gerardhasbeencheeredbythedailymaildelivery.Gerard’schildrenhavetriedtocomforthimbysendinghimletters—buthisdaughterMiriamwantedtodosomethingspecialforhiscomingbirthday.Earlierthisweek,MiriammadeaTwitterpostonlinetoaskpeopletosendletterstoherfatherforhisbirthdayinOctober.Miriamwasonlyexpectingafewpeopletorespond(回應),butsinceshepublished(發(fā)表)thepost,ithasbeensharedover20，000timesandreceived40，000likes.Usersarepromisingtodeliverartworks,foodandcards；teachersaresendingherphotosoftheirstudentswhoarecarefullyandseriouslywritinglettersforGerard；thousandsmorepeoplehavesentheronlinegoodwishes.“IthoughtmaybeIcouldgetafewstrangersontheInternettosendhimsomethingthatwouldreallypleasehim.Iguessedthatfiveortenpeoplewouldsay‘Iwilldothat’，butIneverexpectedthiswhenIcamebacktoTwitter，”saidMiriam.“Mydadse