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說明:請各校打印裝訂成冊,發(fā)給學生,教師認真講解,確保落實,在后續(xù)的各個復習
階段,還要拿出來逐一加-印證。確保學生熟練掌握語法知識,提高應對中考各個難題的能
力。
初中英語語法知識梳理
一、英語五種基本句型認識它,理解它,掌握它,應用它!
1.主語+謂語(S+V)
Itrainedjustnow.
Acarrunsfast.
Thetrainleavesat8:30.
Tomcam。toborrowmybikeyesterday.
2.主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O)
Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.
Heplaystheguitarquitewell.
Fewstudentsliketakingexams.
3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語(S+V+Oi+Od)
Sheshowedmeherphotosjustnow.
Thetiecostmetendollars.
Mr.Wangpassedhimabook.Mr.Wangpassedabooktohim.
Mymothermademeabirthdaycake.Mymothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.
Healwaysoffersushelp.OurheadteacheetoldusastoryinEnglish.
記?。?ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise)
4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(S+V+Oi+Oc)
Weallcallhimtiger.
Youkeepyoureyesclosed.Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
You'dbetterkeepthefoodinthefridge.
Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework
MyteacheraskedmeloworkhardalEnglish.記?。?ask,tell,order,want,persuade,allow)
Youletusgohome.
IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.記住:(see,watch,hear,feel,make/have,let)
比較:Listen!CanyouhearhimsinginganEnglishsong?t己?。?see,watch,hear)
Ihagmyhaircutyesterday.(havesthdone)
5.主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)
Theboyisastudent.
Thewomanisheavy.
I'mthirteen.
It’sme.
Themoviesareexciting.
Sheisinterestedinmaths
Mymotherisin\hnkitchen.
Myhobbyistocollectstamps.
Herjobiswashingclothes.Seeingisbelieving.
Chinesefoodtastesdelicious.DoesChinesefoodtastedelicious?
Yourideasoundsgreat.Yourideadoesn'tsoundgreat.Sheseemedhappythen.
記住:(be,become,get,turn,taste,sound,look,smell,feel,keep,go,seem,remain)
注意:一個漢語句子如找不出實意動詞,就是系表結構,一定要加上系動詞“be”:
我弟弟個子高。Mybrotheristall.
有些形容詞聽起來像動詞,但不能當動詞用,是系表結構:ill,busy,back,tired,early等。
Hewasillyesterday.Theywillbebusytomorrow.Tomcanbebackinanhour.Bequiet,please.
6.Therebe句型與Have/has
Myfatherhasacar.Atablehasfourlegs.
Thereisadictionaryonthetable.
Thereisadogandtwocatsunderthetree.
比較Therearetwocatsandadogunderthetree.
ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishmovieatourschoolnextweek.不能用have
練習:將下列漢語譯成英語,并說出是哪種句型。
I.我們通常進行小組學習。
2.我叔叔通過聽收音機學習英語。
3.我打算給我爸爸買件襯衣作為生日禮物。
4.我經(jīng)常聽到他唱英語歌曲。
5.我們明天會很忙。
6.這魚非常好吃。
6.明天我們學校將放一場英語電影。
7.一個人只要開始學習從來都不嫌晚。
8.高分貝音樂使人緊張。
二、句子成分
1、主語:1)動作的發(fā)出者或句子述說的對象。
Igotoschoolbybike.
Mysisterisoutgoing.
2)可以作主語的詞有:名詞、人稱代詞主格、其他代詞、動名詞和動詞不定式
ThechildrenstudyEnglishbywatchingTV.
Theyhelpus.
BothofthemdoesdellinEnglish.
Seeingisbelieving.ICsnousecrying.snogoodeatingfastfood.
Playingcomputergamesisfun.Waitingforhermademeangry.
TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.
Togotoschoolbybiketakesmehalfanhoureveryday.
比較:Ittakesmehalfanhoureverydaytogoloschoolbybike.(sbspend...doingsth)
Itiswrongforustotelllies.Itiskindofyoutosayso.
2.謂語:由動詞充當,Ilistentothemusiceveryday.
1)分兩類:系動詞(系表結構的句子)和實意動詞(主謂結構,主謂賓結構,主謂賓
賓結構,主謂賓補結構)。(參看上面基本句型里的句子)
2)謂語還要注意與其主語保持人稱和樹的一致,稱主謂一致原則。Itoftenrainshard.
3)謂語還要注意時態(tài)問題。(祥見“五”)
IsawthemovielastSunday.Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.
4)謂語還要注意語態(tài)問題。(祥見“九”)
Thewindowwasbrokenbymypartner.
3.賓語:
1)動作的乘受者(實意動詞。Wehelpthem.
2)可作賓語的詞有:名詞,人稱代詞賓格、其他代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式和賓語從句
Idislikeoranges.Ioftenhelpher.Iknowbothofthem.
Iliketoplaysoccer.比較Ilikeplayingsoccer.(like,begin,start,hate,love)
Mysisterenjoyslisteningtolightmusic.
i己?。?finish,mind,avoid,admit,consider,giveup,putoff,practice,can'thelpdong,又
havefun/problem/difficultydoing,feellikedoing)
IwanttogohikingthisSaturday.比較:Iwentloseetheanimals.
記?。?want,need,try,learn,afford,offer,agree,manage,decide,happen,refuse,expect,plan,
prepare,promise,hope,wish,wouldlike)口訣:要想拒絕忘記(wanl,refuse,forget)需
要勞力學習(need,try,learn)喜歡同意幫助(like,agree,help,)希望決定開始(hope,wish,
decide,begin,start)
注意:stop,remember,forget,try,goon,regret,mean等接動名詞和不定式意義有區(qū)別。
3)Ifoundithardlorememberihesewordsinashortlime.不定式是賓語,it是形式賓語。
4)介詞賓語
Therearetwodesksiniheroom.Andtherearesomebooksonthem
Hesitsbetweenyouand(I).
Thankyoufor(tell)methenews.Theboyisafraidofbeingaloneatnight.
5)賓語從句(祥見“十一”)
IhopethalIwillbealopstudentinmyclass.
4.定語:修飾和限定名詞。Iliketheredcar.(而不是其它的車)
可以作定語的詞有:名詞,形容詞,數(shù)詞,地點副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,定語
從句。例如:(注意觀察例句中定語的位置)
Theseareappletrees.Theyaremendoctors.
作定語的名詞用單數(shù)形式,但“man,woman”除外.
Iliveinanoldhouse.
Jackhasthreebrothers.
Thepeopleherearefriendly.
Thepoorchildrenhavenofoodtoeat.
Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.
Wehaveenoughtimetodoit.Wehavetimeenoughtodoit.
Thegirlisoldenoughtobabysitthebabies.
Helistenedtotheteachercarefullyenoughtocatchwhathesaid
Themaninthecarismyuncle.
Themanwhoissittinginthecarismyuncle.(定語從句祥見"十四”)
5.狀語:修飾形容詞,副詞,動詞。
1)可以作狀語的詞有:名詞,副詞,介詞短語,動詞不定式,現(xiàn)在分詞,狀語從句。
Heisverytired.修飾形容詞
Helikesplayvolleyballverymuch.修飾副詞
Mylittlesisterdrawswell.修飾動詞
Iwillcallyoutomorrow.名詞修飾動
Itakeashoweralhomeatsix.修飾動詞,表明動作發(fā)生的地點和時間
Ilistentotheteachercarefully.副詞修飾動詞
Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofillness.介詞短語修飾動詞
Wegohomeforluncheveryday.介詞短語修飾動詞
Heusuallysleepwiththewindowopen.介詞短語修飾動詞
Wegohometohaveluncheveryday.動詞不定式修飾動詞
Iwenttovisitmygrandpayesterday.動詞不定式修飾動詞
Hedidn'tgoschoolbecausehewasill.Hedidn'tgoschoolbecauseofhisillness.
Igofishingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.(狀語從句祥見“十四)
HewillcallmeafterhegetstoLondon.
MycousinissooldIhalhecangotoschool.
IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.
比較:IgotupsoearlyihalIcaughl(heearlybus.
HedoesmuchbetterinphysicsthanL
2)頻度副詞
Iusuallytakeawalkaftersupper.UsuallyItakeawalkafterschool.
Peterisneverlateforschool.
3)副詞的構成
①本身是副詞:here,there,now,then,already,etc.
Pleasecomehere.
②形容詞、副詞不同形:good-well
HespeaksJapanesewell.HisJapaneseisgood
③形容詞、副詞同形:early-early,fast-fast
Igotupearlyenoughtocatchtheearlybus.Thecarisfast.Thecarcanrunfast
④由形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~:careful—carefully,lucky—luckily,heavy-healthily
bad,slow,happy,angry,soft,quick,easy其副詞分別為:
Therainisheavy.Itisrainingheavilynow.
⑤有些以ly結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞:daily,monthly,friendly,lonely,lovely:
Thisisamonthlymagazine.
Wearefriendlytoeachother.
4)副詞比較級、最高級。祥見“六”
Heusuallylistenstothemorecarefullythanme.
Herunsfastestinourclass.
Hewritesofthethree.(bad)
6.賓語補足語
Weallcallhimtiger.
Youkeepyoureyesclosed.Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.
You'dbetterkeepthefoodinthefridge.
Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework
MyteacheraskedmetoworkhardatEnglish.記?。?ask,tell,order,want,persuade,allow)
Youletusgohome.
IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.記住:(see,watch,hear,feel,make/have,let)
比較:Listen!CanyouhearhimsinginganEnglishsong?t己?。?see,watch,hear)
Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.(havesthdone)
練習:用所給詞的正確形式填空
1.(them)wereusedto(get)up(early)inthemorning.
2.Itisimportantfor(we)(learn)Englishwell.
3.Ifyoudon'tknowthewords,you'dbetterlook(it)upinadictionary.
4.Mr.Wang(teach)(we)English.Eachstudent(like)
(he).
5.Thankyoufor(tell)(I)the(well)news.
6.Theteachersaid(angry)to(I).TheTeacherwas(angry)with
(she).
7.(eat)fastfoodisbadforour(healthy).
8.Motheralwayshasalotofhousework(do).
9.Hecame(visit)hisgrandpalastweekend.
10.Hewanted(visit)hisgrandpalastweekend.
11.Iftherearedriving,therewillbeairpollution,andtheairwillbe
(fresh).
A.less,lessB.fewer,fewerC.fewer,lessD.less,fewer
12.Inan,exam,theyouare,themistakesyouwillmake.
A.careful,littleB.morecareful,fewestC.morecareful,fewerD.morecareful,less
13.Tamlookingforwardto(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.
14.Doyoumindmy(smoke)here?
15.FmgoingtohaveMP4(repair)tomorrow.
16.Theywantme(sing)anEnglishsongattheparty.
17.It'scold,Let(we)(keep)thewindows(close).
三、代詞知識梳理:提綱挈領,抓住重點和難點!
一)代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、
連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。
二)代詞的用法
1.人稱代詞:人稱代詞是指人的代詞,有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。
主格作主語:SheismyEnglishteacher.
You,h<andIareallthewinners.
I.Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject
1)賓格作賓語:Theydon^wantmetogotherealone.
Don'tworry.Icanlookafterher.Tomsitsbetweenyouandme.
2)賓格還可以作表語。特別是在口語中:??Who,sthat?-Ifsme.
注意:代詞的下列用法:
Weloveourcountry,wehopesheHlbestrongerandstronger.
Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.It?sfouro'clock.
ItisnoteasytoleamEnglishwell.
Ifounditdifficulttosleep.
2.物主代詞:
1)形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語,后面跟名詞。例如:
Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.
2)名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征,在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如:
MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool.(作主語)
Whoseglassesarethese?Theyarehers.(作表語)
Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours?(作賓語)
3)名詞性物主代詞可以與of連用,作定語。例如:Afriendofoursarewaitingforus.
3.反身帶詞:用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示:
單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself
復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves
1)作賓語,主語或賓語的同位語。例如:
Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.(作賓語)
Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.(主語同位語)
You'dbetteraskyourwifeherself.(賓語同位語)
2)反身代詞可與其他詞構成固定搭配,例如:
makeoneselfathome,teachoneself,learnbyoneself,helponeselfto...,etc
4.指示代詞:this,that,these,those
指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如:
Thosearemyparents.(作主語)
Throwitlikethat.(作賓語)
ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.(作表語)
Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.(作定語)
注意:
1)前面剛剛提到過的東西,常用that,those表示:
I'msorrytohearthat.
2)下文將要提到的事情,可用these,this表示,起啟下的作用。例如:
Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit.
5.疑問代詞:who,what,which,whose,whom,在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。
Whatmakeyousohappy?作主語
Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith?作賓語
Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?作定語
Whal'syourmother.作表語
6.相互代詞:用于表示相互關系的代詞。常用的有:eachother,oneanother.作賓語、定語
Weshouldhelpeachother.
Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear.
Weputthepresentsineachother'sstocking.
7.連接代詞:用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有:
what,which,who,whomwhose,that:
Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.
Theproblemiswhowillmendit.
Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice?
8.不定代詞:幾組不定代詞的區(qū)別
1)one,it:
Theshirtistoosmallforme.Willyoupleaseshowmeabiggerone?
Thenewcarisnice.Ilikeitverymuch.
2)some,any
Thereissomewaterintheglass.
Isthereanywaterintheglass?
Thereisn'lanywaterintheglass
CanIborrowsomebooks?
3)both,all
Myparentsbothworkhard.
Myparentsarebolhworkers.
Therearetwentyboysinourclass.TheyalllikeEnglish.
Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.
Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.
4)neither,either
Neitheroftheanswersisright.
Herearetwochairs.Yousitoneitherchair.
5)afew,alittle,few,little
Weneedafewstrawberriestomakethedrink.
I'mlonelybecauseIhavefewfriendshere.
Inwinterthereislittlerainhere,soitisverydry.
6)one,theother,other,another
Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers,
Ihavetwopens,oneisred,theotherisblack.
Thereare40studentshere,20areboys,theothersaregirls.
Idon'tlikethisskirt.Willyoushowmeanotherone?
9.many,few,afew修飾可數(shù)名詞,much,little,alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both,either,neither,
each用于指兩者,all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.Thisisn'tpencilcase.Ileftathome.
A.my,mineB.me,myC.I,myD.my,myself
2.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.
A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few
3.—CanIcomethiseveningortomoiTowmorning?
--isOK.I'mfreetodayandtomorrow.
A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None
4.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargethanofAsia.
A.thisB.thoseC.itD.that
5.Whenshallwemeetagain?—Makeitdayyoulike.Ifsallthesametome.
A.oneB.anyC.anotherD.all
6.Hesaidatthemeetingandjustsattheresilently.
A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything
7.—Doyouknowtheladyisinterviewingourheadmaster?
—Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.
A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose
8.Don'tworry.Westillhavetomeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few.D.Afew
練習與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!
一)用適當?shù)拇~填空
Helptosomeicecream,girls.
Hecameupwithanideaatlast,theideaofwasverygood.
Hurry,up,there'stimeleft.
Thereishardlyinthebasket,it'sempty.
LiliandCocodon'tknowaddress.LilihasneverbeentoCoco'shomeandCocohas
neverbeentoLily'shome,either.
Heisakindfriendthatofuslikehim.
HehavetwoEnglishnovels,buthehasreadofthem.
Idon'tlikethecolorofthisjacket.Couldyoushowmeone?
Youmaytakeofthem,they?rebothgood.
Don'tworry.goeswellhere.
二)選擇最佳答案填空:
1.Thesetwobooksareveryinteresting.Youcanchooseofthem.
A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.any
2.Hehadmilkbutbreadforbreakfast.
A.many;fewB.much;littleC.few;muchD.little;many
3.Isthereyouwanttosay?
A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.elseanythingD.elsesomething
4.A:areyougoingtovisit?B:IamgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseum.
A.WhereB.WhatC.WhyD.When
5.Oneshouldkeeppromise.
A.one'sownB.everyC.himselfD.herself
三)完成句子
1.There'stwoappleshere,youcantake(任意一個).
2.Lisahastwodaughters.(沒有一■個喜歡)traveling.
3.(所有的)girlslikesinging.
4.Tosayis(一回事),todois(另一回事).
5.Theykeeponeblackcatand(兩只黑的).
6.Hehas(許多)money,buthehas(沒有)friends.
7.CanshespeakFrench?(只會一點).
8.(他們中很少有人)cantalkinChinese.
9.(沒人)hasbeenreachedfartherthanthemoon.
10.Welookedat(相互)ingreatsurprise.
Key:——)1.yourselves2.his3.no4.anything5.eachother's6.such,all7.neither8.another9.either
10.everything
二)CBBAA
三)1.either2.neither3.all4.onething,anotherthing5.twoblackones6.alotof/much,no
7.Alittle8.Fewofthem9.Noone/Nobody10.eachother
四、數(shù)詞
1.數(shù)詞的一般用法略。
2.其他用法:
1)基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞構成合成形容詞。
如:afive-year-oldboy;an800-metre-longbridge;girls'400-metrerelayrace。
2)具體數(shù)詞+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long/high/tall/deep/away:。
TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.
3)表示“兒十歲”用序數(shù)詞,eg.在他三十兒歲時inhisthirties
4)倍數(shù)的表達:(一倍用once,兩倍用twice,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞+times。如:5倍fivetimes):
HeisastallaboyasI.
HeisaheadtallerthanI.
HeistwoyearsolderthanI
ChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.
1amtwiceasoldasyou.(=1amtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou.)
Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.
ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.)
Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.
Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympic.
A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof
2.Bothoftherulesarebroken.Iwanttobuyaone.
A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./
3."Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?-.
A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths
4.Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof.
A.LessonElevenB.theLessonElevenC.LessonEleventh
練習與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!
選擇填空:
1.ofpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday.
A.ManymillionB.SeveralmillionC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillions
2.Aboutofthesurfaceoftheearthcoveredwithwater.
A.threequarter,isB.threequarters,hasC.threequarters,isD.threequarter,are
3.Itwilltaketimetofinishthework.
A.oneandahalfyears'B.ayearandhalfC.oneandahalfyear'sD.ayearandhalf's
4.—Howlongwillyourstayhere?—For.
A.oneandtwoday'sB.oneandtwodayC.adayortwoD.oneortwoday
5.WhenhemovedtoGermanyin,hewasalreadyin.
A.thefifties;hissixtiesB.fifties;hissixties
C.thefifties;hissixtyD.fifty;sixty
6.Mybrotherlivesinonfloor.
A.sixRoom;secondB.Roomsix;thesecond
C.Roomsix;twofloorD.theroomsix;thesecond
7.Decemberismonthoftheyear.
A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelfthD.thetwelve
8.Thistookplaceinthe.
A.1940B.1940sC.1940esD.1940,h
9.Itisonlyfrommyhometothetrainstation.
A.tenminuteswalkB.ten-minuteswalkC.tenminutes'swalkD.tenminutes'walk
10.Thereareinthisbuilding,Iliveon.
A.ninefloors,theninthfloorB.ninefloor,theninthfloor
C.ninefloor,ninefloorsD.ninthfloor,theninthfloor
11.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDamsshouldbehigherthandownstream(下游)。
A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters
12.Therearedaysinayear.
A.threehundredsixty-fiveB.threehundredandsixty-five
C.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.twohundredsandsixty-five
13.-Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?--.,butFmnotsure.
A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred
14.Therearedoctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.
A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof
15.—What'sonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?—Yes,it's.
A.twosixthsB.threefourthsC.onethreeD.threesixth
16.Nowchildren,turntopageandlookatthepictureinLessonTwo.
A.twentieth,oneB.twenty,oneC.twentieth,firstD.twenty,first
17.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuyaone.
A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./
18.Decemberisthemonthinyear.
A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth
19.—Whatisthedatetoday?—It's.
A.ThursdayB.JunethesixteenthC.thebestdayD.Junefifteen
20.SheknowsalotaboutChinaasshehasbeentoChina.
A.fortheforthtimeB.fourtimesC.afourthtimeD.forfourtimes
1-5CCACA6-10BCBD11-15CCCDA16-20DBDBB
五、動詞
動詞是表示動作(study,find,swim等)或狀態(tài)(be,like,feel等)的詞。動詞具有人稱、
數(shù)量、時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。
知識梳理:提綱挈領,抓住重點和難點!
動詞分類:動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、聯(lián)系動詞和行為動詞四類。
-)助動詞略
-)情態(tài)動詞略
三)系動詞:系動詞的種類
系動詞含有定意義,它們要與其后做表語的形容詞、名詞或介詞(短語)等一起構成
合成謂語。系動詞按意義可分為三類,而且有自己的特定用法。
1,按意義聯(lián)系動詞有:
be,appear,seem,keep,remain,continue,stay,prove等:Jimappearsveryold.
2、表示感覺的聯(lián)系動詞有
look,feel,smell,sound,taste等。如:Itsmellsbad.
3、表示轉(zhuǎn)變的聯(lián)系動詞有become,fall,get,go,grow,turn:
Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.
四)行為動詞
行為動詞又稱實義動詞,它們都含有實在的意義,表示動作或狀態(tài),可在句中獨立作謂
語。行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。
1、及物動詞。及物動詞后一定要跟賓語,意思才能完整:
Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme.
2、不及物動詞?不及物動詞意義完整,不需帶賓語,但如果有些不及物動詞非要帶賓語時,
必須先加介詞后加賓語:
Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.
五)動詞的時態(tài):時態(tài)是表明動作發(fā)生在什么時候,主要是通過動詞的變愛,不同的時態(tài)
其動詞有不同的變化形式,一定要弄清各個時態(tài)其動詞的不同變化形式。
1.一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的變形:be-am—is—are;實意動詞的變化形式為:
1)當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時:動詞要加“s”或“es",have-has,be—is
Tomdoeshishomeworkatschool.
DoesTomdohishomeworkatschool?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.
Tomdoesn'tdohishomeworkatschool.
Hehasbreakfastathome.Doeshehavebreakfastathome?
Shejs_oftenlateforclass.Issheoftenlateforclass?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.
2)當主語是其它人稱時:動詞要用原形,be-am(I),be-are(其它人稱)
TomandJackgotomoviesonweekends.
DoTomandJackgotomoviesonweekends?Yes?theydo,No,theydon't.
Iambusyeveryday.Areyoufreetoday?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.
Theyarefreetoday.Aretheyfreetoday?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.
3)一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法:
現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性,習慣性的動作:
Igelupatsixeverymorning.
Heplaystennisonceaweek.
現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài):
Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.
客觀真理:
Theearthgoesaroundthesun.
4)常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時間狀語:
oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.—MayIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit.
A.didn'tworkB.doesn'tworkC.won'tworkD.can*twork
2.thebusuntilit..
A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetoff,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstop
3.The70-year-oldmanexercisesinthemorning.
A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake
2.現(xiàn)在進行時:動詞的變爰:be動詞沒有此時態(tài);實意動詞的變化形式為:am/is/are+v-ing
現(xiàn)在進行時的用法:
1)說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作(動作是在說話時正在進行):
Sheishavingabathnow.Sheisn'thavingabathnow.
Isshehavingabathnow?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.
2)現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作(但是動作并不是必須在說話時正在進行):
Youareworkinghardthesedays.
KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.
Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.
3)頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時,表示某種強烈的感情:
Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.(表示欣賞,表揚)
4)表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作(僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動詞):
Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o'clock.
5)常用于現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的時間狀語:now等。
oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.1don'tthinkthatit'strue.She'salwayslies.
A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told
2.Howyouwiththenewjob?
A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon
3.—Arethesesocksyours?—No.Mineoutsideontheclothesline.
A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung
3、過去進行時
動詞的變形:be動詞沒有;實意動詞的變化形式為:was/were+v-ing
過去進行時的用法:表示過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進行的動作:
WewereplayingsoccerwhenthealiensgotofftheUFO.
ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.
Wereyouplayingcomputergamesat10o'clocklastnight?
3)常用于過去進行時的時間狀語:atfouryesterdayafternoon,then,atthattime/moment等。
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.MotherwhenIgothome.
A.wascookingB.cooksCcookedD.hascooked
2.Whatyouat8lastnight?
A.were,doingB.did,doC.are,doingD.do,do
4.一般將來時
動詞的變形:
1)助動詞will(shall)+動詞原形
Theywillvisitthemuseumtomorrow.
Wewillbebusyneatterm.
2)am/is/are+goingto+動詞原形
Tinaisgoingtovisitthezoowithherparentstomorrow.
3)用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來:come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,begin,stay.etc.
Tomiscomingtoseeustomorrow.
TheyareleavingforAustralianextmonth.
4)用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來:
Wewillgofishingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.比較:Idon'tknowifitwillraintomorrow.
HewillcallusafterhegetstoBeijing.
一般將來時的用法:
1)將要發(fā)生的動作:
IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.
2)將要存在的狀態(tài):
ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?
3)打算要做的事:am/is/are+goingto+動詞原形
Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?
4)表示將來的愿望:will(sha11)+動詞原形
Hewillbeascientistwhenhegrowsupinthefuture.
常用于一般將來時的時間狀語:
tomorrow,nextweek,intwodays,etc.Hewillbebackinaweek.
例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!
1.1forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport?
A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.lef
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