初中英語語法要點

說明：請各校打印裝訂成冊，發(fā)給學生，教師認真講解，確保落實，在后續(xù)的各個復習

階段，還要拿出來逐一加-印證。確保學生熟練掌握語法知識，提高應對中考各個難題的能

力。

初中英語語法知識梳理

一、英語五種基本句型認識它,理解它,掌握它,應用它!

1.主語+謂語（S+V）

Itrainedjustnow.

Acarrunsfast.

Thetrainleavesat8:30.

Tomcam。toborrowmybikeyesterday.

2.主語+謂語+賓語(S+V+O)

Wecleantheclassroomeveryday.

Heplaystheguitarquitewell.

Fewstudentsliketakingexams.

3.主語+謂語+賓語+賓語(S+V+Oi+Od)

Sheshowedmeherphotosjustnow.

Thetiecostmetendollars.

Mr.Wangpassedhimabook.Mr.Wangpassedabooktohim.

Mymothermademeabirthdaycake.Mymothermadeabirthdaycakeforme.

Healwaysoffersushelp.OurheadteacheetoldusastoryinEnglish.

記?。?ask,answer,give,offer,send,bring,pass,tell,show,teach,promise)

4.主語+謂語+賓語+賓補(S+V+Oi+Oc)

Weallcallhimtiger.

Youkeepyoureyesclosed.Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

You'dbetterkeepthefoodinthefridge.

Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework

MyteacheraskedmeloworkhardalEnglish.記?。?ask,tell,order,want,persuade,allow)

Youletusgohome.

IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.記住：(see,watch,hear,feel,make/have,let)

比較：Listen!CanyouhearhimsinginganEnglishsong?t己?。?see,watch,hear)

Ihagmyhaircutyesterday.(havesthdone)

5.主語+系動詞+表語(S+V+P)

Theboyisastudent.

Thewomanisheavy.

I'mthirteen.

It’sme.

Themoviesareexciting.

Sheisinterestedinmaths

Mymotherisin\hnkitchen.

Myhobbyistocollectstamps.

Herjobiswashingclothes.Seeingisbelieving.

Chinesefoodtastesdelicious.DoesChinesefoodtastedelicious?

Yourideasoundsgreat.Yourideadoesn'tsoundgreat.Sheseemedhappythen.

記住：（be,become,get,turn,taste,sound,look,smell,feel,keep,go,seem,remain）

注意：一個漢語句子如找不出實意動詞，就是系表結構，一定要加上系動詞“be”：

我弟弟個子高。Mybrotheristall.

有些形容詞聽起來像動詞，但不能當動詞用，是系表結構：ill,busy,back,tired,early等。

Hewasillyesterday.Theywillbebusytomorrow.Tomcanbebackinanhour.Bequiet,please.

6.Therebe句型與Have/has

Myfatherhasacar.Atablehasfourlegs.

Thereisadictionaryonthetable.

Thereisadogandtwocatsunderthetree.

比較Therearetwocatsandadogunderthetree.

ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishmovieatourschoolnextweek.不能用have

練習：將下列漢語譯成英語，并說出是哪種句型。

I.我們通常進行小組學習。

2.我叔叔通過聽收音機學習英語。

3.我打算給我爸爸買件襯衣作為生日禮物。

4.我經(jīng)常聽到他唱英語歌曲。

5.我們明天會很忙。

6.這魚非常好吃。

6.明天我們學校將放一場英語電影。

7.一個人只要開始學習從來都不嫌晚。

8.高分貝音樂使人緊張。

二、句子成分

1、主語：1）動作的發(fā)出者或句子述說的對象。

Igotoschoolbybike.

Mysisterisoutgoing.

2）可以作主語的詞有：名詞、人稱代詞主格、其他代詞、動名詞和動詞不定式

ThechildrenstudyEnglishbywatchingTV.

Theyhelpus.

BothofthemdoesdellinEnglish.

Seeingisbelieving.ICsnousecrying.snogoodeatingfastfood.

Playingcomputergamesisfun.Waitingforhermademeangry.

TolearnEnglishwellisimportant.ItisimportanttolearnEnglishwell.

Togotoschoolbybiketakesmehalfanhoureveryday.

比較：Ittakesmehalfanhoureverydaytogoloschoolbybike.（sbspend...doingsth）

Itiswrongforustotelllies.Itiskindofyoutosayso.

2.謂語：由動詞充當，Ilistentothemusiceveryday.

1）分兩類：系動詞（系表結構的句子）和實意動詞（主謂結構，主謂賓結構，主謂賓

賓結構，主謂賓補結構）。（參看上面基本句型里的句子）

2）謂語還要注意與其主語保持人稱和樹的一致，稱主謂一致原則。Itoftenrainshard.

3）謂語還要注意時態(tài)問題。（祥見“五”）

IsawthemovielastSunday.Ihavealreadyseenthemovie.

4）謂語還要注意語態(tài)問題。（祥見“九”）

Thewindowwasbrokenbymypartner.

3.賓語：

1)動作的乘受者(實意動詞。Wehelpthem.

2)可作賓語的詞有：名詞，人稱代詞賓格、其他代詞、動名詞、動詞不定式和賓語從句

Idislikeoranges.Ioftenhelpher.Iknowbothofthem.

Iliketoplaysoccer.比較Ilikeplayingsoccer.(like,begin,start,hate,love)

Mysisterenjoyslisteningtolightmusic.

i己?。?finish,mind,avoid,admit,consider,giveup,putoff,practice,can'thelpdong,又

havefun/problem/difficultydoing,feellikedoing)

IwanttogohikingthisSaturday.比較：Iwentloseetheanimals.

記?。?want,need,try,learn,afford,offer,agree,manage,decide,happen,refuse,expect,plan,

prepare,promise,hope,wish,wouldlike)口訣：要想拒絕忘記(wanl,refuse,forget)需

要勞力學習(need,try,learn)喜歡同意幫助(like,agree,help,)希望決定開始(hope,wish,

decide,begin,start)

注意：stop,remember,forget,try,goon,regret,mean等接動名詞和不定式意義有區(qū)別。

3)Ifoundithardlorememberihesewordsinashortlime.不定式是賓語，it是形式賓語。

4)介詞賓語

Therearetwodesksiniheroom.Andtherearesomebooksonthem

Hesitsbetweenyouand(I).

Thankyoufor(tell)methenews.Theboyisafraidofbeingaloneatnight.

5)賓語從句(祥見“十一”)

IhopethalIwillbealopstudentinmyclass.

4.定語：修飾和限定名詞。Iliketheredcar.（而不是其它的車）

可以作定語的詞有：名詞，形容詞，數(shù)詞，地點副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，定語

從句。例如：（注意觀察例句中定語的位置）

Theseareappletrees.Theyaremendoctors.

作定語的名詞用單數(shù)形式，但“man,woman”除外.

Iliveinanoldhouse.

Jackhasthreebrothers.

Thepeopleherearefriendly.

Thepoorchildrenhavenofoodtoeat.

Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.

Wehaveenoughtimetodoit.Wehavetimeenoughtodoit.

Thegirlisoldenoughtobabysitthebabies.

Helistenedtotheteachercarefullyenoughtocatchwhathesaid

Themaninthecarismyuncle.

Themanwhoissittinginthecarismyuncle.(定語從句祥見"十四”)

5.狀語：修飾形容詞，副詞，動詞。

1)可以作狀語的詞有：名詞，副詞，介詞短語，動詞不定式，現(xiàn)在分詞，狀語從句。

Heisverytired.修飾形容詞

Helikesplayvolleyballverymuch.修飾副詞

Mylittlesisterdrawswell.修飾動詞

Iwillcallyoutomorrow.名詞修飾動

Itakeashoweralhomeatsix.修飾動詞，表明動作發(fā)生的地點和時間

Ilistentotheteachercarefully.副詞修飾動詞

Hedidn'tgotoschoolbecauseofillness.介詞短語修飾動詞

Wegohomeforluncheveryday.介詞短語修飾動詞

Heusuallysleepwiththewindowopen.介詞短語修飾動詞

Wegohometohaveluncheveryday.動詞不定式修飾動詞

Iwenttovisitmygrandpayesterday.動詞不定式修飾動詞

Hedidn'tgoschoolbecausehewasill.Hedidn'tgoschoolbecauseofhisillness.

Igofishingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.(狀語從句祥見“十四)

HewillcallmeafterhegetstoLondon.

MycousinissooldIhalhecangotoschool.

IgotupearlysothatIcouldcatchtheearlybus.

比較：IgotupsoearlyihalIcaughl(heearlybus.

HedoesmuchbetterinphysicsthanL

2）頻度副詞

Iusuallytakeawalkaftersupper.UsuallyItakeawalkafterschool.

Peterisneverlateforschool.

3)副詞的構成

①本身是副詞：here,there,now,then,already,etc.

Pleasecomehere.

②形容詞、副詞不同形：good-well

HespeaksJapanesewell.HisJapaneseisgood

③形容詞、副詞同形：early-early,fast-fast

Igotupearlyenoughtocatchtheearlybus.Thecarisfast.Thecarcanrunfast

④由形容詞變?yōu)楦痹~：careful—carefully,lucky—luckily,heavy-healthily

bad,slow,happy,angry,soft,quick,easy其副詞分別為:

Therainisheavy.Itisrainingheavilynow.

⑤有些以ly結尾的詞是形容詞而不是副詞：daily,monthly,friendly,lonely,lovely:

Thisisamonthlymagazine.

Wearefriendlytoeachother.

4)副詞比較級、最高級。祥見“六”

Heusuallylistenstothemorecarefullythanme.

Herunsfastestinourclass.

Hewritesofthethree.(bad)

6.賓語補足語

Weallcallhimtiger.

Youkeepyoureyesclosed.Weshouldkeepourclassroomcleanandtidy.

You'dbetterkeepthefoodinthefridge.

Ioftenhelpmymother(to)dohousework

MyteacheraskedmetoworkhardatEnglish.記?。?ask,tell,order,want,persuade,allow)

Youletusgohome.

IoftenhearhimsingEnglishsongs.記住：(see,watch,hear,feel,make/have,let)

比較：Listen!CanyouhearhimsinginganEnglishsong?t己?。?see,watch,hear)

Ihadmyhaircutyesterday.(havesthdone)

練習：用所給詞的正確形式填空

1.(them)wereusedto(get)up(early)inthemorning.

2.Itisimportantfor(we)(learn)Englishwell.

3.Ifyoudon'tknowthewords,you'dbetterlook(it)upinadictionary.

4.Mr.Wang(teach)(we)English.Eachstudent(like)

(he).

5.Thankyoufor(tell)(I)the(well)news.

6.Theteachersaid(angry)to(I).TheTeacherwas(angry)with

(she).

7.(eat)fastfoodisbadforour(healthy).

8.Motheralwayshasalotofhousework(do).

9.Hecame(visit)hisgrandpalastweekend.

10.Hewanted(visit)hisgrandpalastweekend.

11.Iftherearedriving,therewillbeairpollution,andtheairwillbe

(fresh).

A.less,lessB.fewer,fewerC.fewer,lessD.less,fewer

12.Inan,exam,theyouare,themistakesyouwillmake.

A.careful,littleB.morecareful,fewestC.morecareful,fewerD.morecareful,less

13.Tamlookingforwardto(be)ascientistwhenIgrowup.

14.Doyoumindmy(smoke)here?

15.FmgoingtohaveMP4(repair)tomorrow.

16.Theywantme(sing)anEnglishsongattheparty.

17.It'scold,Let(we)(keep)thewindows(close).

三、代詞知識梳理:提綱挈領,抓住重點和難點!

一)代詞的分類英語中常把代詞分為人稱代詞、無主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、疑問代詞、

連接代詞、不定代詞和相互代詞。

二)代詞的用法

1.人稱代詞：人稱代詞是指人的代詞，有性、數(shù)、格的區(qū)別。

主格作主語：SheismyEnglishteacher.

You,h<andIareallthewinners.

I.Lileiandyouarewrong.Weshoulddomorefortheproject

1)賓格作賓語：Theydon^wantmetogotherealone.

Don'tworry.Icanlookafterher.Tomsitsbetweenyouandme.

2)賓格還可以作表語。特別是在口語中：??Who，sthat?-Ifsme.

注意：代詞的下列用法：

Weloveourcountry,wehopesheHlbestrongerandstronger.

Itisabout10kilometresfromhere.It?sfouro'clock.

ItisnoteasytoleamEnglishwell.

Ifounditdifficulttosleep.

2.物主代詞：

1)形容詞性物主代詞在句中具有形容詞的特征。在句中作定語，后面跟名詞。例如：

Tooursurprise,hehaspassedtheexam.

2)名詞性的物主代詞具有名詞的特征，在句中作主語、表語、賓語。例如：

MayIuseyourbike?Mineisatschool.(作主語)

Whoseglassesarethese?Theyarehers.(作表語)

Mydictionaryislost.CanIuseyours?（作賓語）

3）名詞性物主代詞可以與of連用，作定語。例如：Afriendofoursarewaitingforus.

3.反身帶詞：用來表示“某人自己”的代詞稱為反身代詞。如下表所示：

單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimselfherselfitself

復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves

1）作賓語，主語或賓語的同位語。例如：

Hersisteristooyoungtodressherself.（作賓語）

Hehimselfisalwaysmakingsuchmistakes.（主語同位語）

You'dbetteraskyourwifeherself.（賓語同位語）

2）反身代詞可與其他詞構成固定搭配，例如：

makeoneselfathome,teachoneself,learnbyoneself,helponeselfto...,etc

4.指示代詞：this,that,these,those

指示代詞可在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語等。例如：

Thosearemyparents.（作主語）

Throwitlikethat.（作賓語）

ThetoyslittleTomlikesarethoseinthebasket.（作表語）

Thesepicturesaredrawnbyanoldblindman.（作定語）

注意：

1）前面剛剛提到過的東西，常用that,those表示：

I'msorrytohearthat.

2）下文將要提到的事情，可用these,this表示，起啟下的作用。例如：

Tellthechildrentodolikethis:knockthestickintotheearthfirst,thentiethetreetoit.

5.疑問代詞：who,what,which,whose,whom,在句中常作主語、賓語、定語、表語。

Whatmakeyousohappy?作主語

Who/Whomisyourmanagertalkingwith?作賓語

Whichsubjectdoyoulikebest?作定語

Whal'syourmother.作表語

6.相互代詞：用于表示相互關系的代詞。常用的有：eachother,oneanother.作賓語、定語

Weshouldhelpeachother.

Thevillagershavelookedafteroneanothertheseyear.

Weputthepresentsineachother'sstocking.

7.連接代詞：用來連接賓語從句、表語從句、主語從句的代詞叫連接代詞。常用的有：

what,which,who,whomwhose,that：

Iknowwhathesaidatthemeeting.

Theproblemiswhowillmendit.

Couldyoutellmewhichisthewaytothepostoffice?

8.不定代詞：幾組不定代詞的區(qū)別

1）one,it:

Theshirtistoosmallforme.Willyoupleaseshowmeabiggerone?

Thenewcarisnice.Ilikeitverymuch.

2）some,any

Thereissomewaterintheglass.

Isthereanywaterintheglass?

Thereisn'lanywaterintheglass

CanIborrowsomebooks?

3)both,all

Myparentsbothworkhard.

Myparentsarebolhworkers.

Therearetwentyboysinourclass.TheyalllikeEnglish.

Therearemanytreesonbothsidesofthestreet.

Therearetreesoneithersideofthestreet.

4)neither,either

Neitheroftheanswersisright.

Herearetwochairs.Yousitoneitherchair.

5)afew,alittle,few,little

Weneedafewstrawberriestomakethedrink.

I'mlonelybecauseIhavefewfriendshere.

Inwinterthereislittlerainhere,soitisverydry.

6)one,theother,other,another

Heisalwaysreadytohelpothers,

Ihavetwopens,oneisred,theotherisblack.

Thereare40studentshere,20areboys,theothersaregirls.

Idon'tlikethisskirt.Willyoushowmeanotherone?

9.many,few,afew修飾可數(shù)名詞，much,little,alittle修飾不可數(shù)名詞。both,either,neither,

each用于指兩者，all,any,none,every,another用于指三者或三者以上。

例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.Thisisn'tpencilcase.Ileftathome.

A.my,mineB.me,myC.I,myD.my,myself

2.TheEnglishnovelisquiteeasyforyou.Therearenewwordsinit.

A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.few

3.—CanIcomethiseveningortomoiTowmorning?

--isOK.I'mfreetodayandtomorrow.

A.EitherB.NeitherC.BothD.None

4.ThepopulationofChinaismuchlargethanofAsia.

A.thisB.thoseC.itD.that

5.Whenshallwemeetagain?—Makeitdayyoulike.Ifsallthesametome.

A.oneB.anyC.anotherD.all

6.Hesaidatthemeetingandjustsattheresilently.

A.somethingB.anythingC.nothingD.everything

7.—Doyouknowtheladyisinterviewingourheadmaster?

—Yes,sheisajournalistfromCCTV.

A.whichB.whoC.whomD.whose

8.Don'tworry.Westillhavetomeleft.A.littleB.alittleC.few.D.Afew

練習與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!

一)用適當?shù)拇~填空

Helptosomeicecream,girls.

Hecameupwithanideaatlast,theideaofwasverygood.

Hurry,up,there'stimeleft.

Thereishardlyinthebasket,it'sempty.

LiliandCocodon'tknowaddress.LilihasneverbeentoCoco'shomeandCocohas

neverbeentoLily'shome,either.

Heisakindfriendthatofuslikehim.

HehavetwoEnglishnovels,buthehasreadofthem.

Idon'tlikethecolorofthisjacket.Couldyoushowmeone?

Youmaytakeofthem,they?rebothgood.

Don'tworry.goeswellhere.

二）選擇最佳答案填空：

1.Thesetwobooksareveryinteresting.Youcanchooseofthem.

A.bothB.eachC.eitherD.any

2.Hehadmilkbutbreadforbreakfast.

A.many;fewB.much;littleC.few;muchD.little;many

3.Isthereyouwanttosay?

A.somethingelseB.anythingelseC.elseanythingD.elsesomething

4.A:areyougoingtovisit?B:IamgoingtovisitthePalaceMuseum.

A.WhereB.WhatC.WhyD.When

5.Oneshouldkeeppromise.

A.one'sownB.everyC.himselfD.herself

三）完成句子

1.There'stwoappleshere,youcantake（任意一個）.

2.Lisahastwodaughters.（沒有一■個喜歡）traveling.

3.（所有的）girlslikesinging.

4.Tosayis（一回事）,todois（另一回事）.

5.Theykeeponeblackcatand（兩只黑的）.

6.Hehas（許多）money,buthehas（沒有）friends.

7.CanshespeakFrench?（只會一點）.

8.（他們中很少有人）cantalkinChinese.

9.（沒人）hasbeenreachedfartherthanthemoon.

10.Welookedat（相互）ingreatsurprise.

Key:——）1.yourselves2.his3.no4.anything5.eachother's6.such,all7.neither8.another9.either

10.everything

二）CBBAA

三）1.either2.neither3.all4.onething,anotherthing5.twoblackones6.alotof/much,no

7.Alittle8.Fewofthem9.Noone/Nobody10.eachother

四、數(shù)詞

1.數(shù)詞的一般用法略。

2.其他用法：

1）基數(shù)詞+單數(shù)名詞+形容詞構成合成形容詞。

如：afive-year-oldboy；an800-metre-longbridge；girls'400-metrerelayrace。

2）具體數(shù)詞+metre（s）/kilometre（s）/kilo（s）long/high/tall/deep/away：。

TheChangjiangRiveris6,300kilometreslong.

3)表示“兒十歲”用序數(shù)詞，eg.在他三十兒歲時inhisthirties

4)倍數(shù)的表達：(一倍用once,兩倍用twice,兩倍以上用基數(shù)詞+times。如：5倍fivetimes)：

HeisastallaboyasI.

HeisaheadtallerthanI.

HeistwoyearsolderthanI

ChinaisfourtimesaslargeasEurope.

1amtwiceasoldasyou.(=1amtwiceolderthanyou./Iamtwicetheageofyou.)

Mybooksaretwiceasmanyasyours.

ChinaisfourtimeslargerthanEurope.(=ChinaisfourtimesthesizeofEurope.)

Ipaytwiceasmuchasitwasworth.

Ipaytwiceasmuchforthehouse.

例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.ChinesearelookingforwaystolearnEnglishwellbeforeBeijing2008Olympic.

A.ThousandB.ThousandsC.ThousandofD.Thousandsof

2.Bothoftherulesarebroken.Iwanttobuyaone.

A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./

3."Whichisthesmallestnumberofthefour?-.

A.Two-thirdsB.AhalfC.AquarterD.Three-fourths

4.Pleasewritedownthenewwordsinthetextof.

A.LessonElevenB.theLessonElevenC.LessonEleventh

練習與鞏固:熟能生巧,取得好成績!

選擇填空：

1.ofpeopleintheworldaresendinginformationbyE-maileverday.

A.ManymillionB.SeveralmillionC.SeveralmillionsD.Manymillions

2.Aboutofthesurfaceoftheearthcoveredwithwater.

A.threequarter,isB.threequarters,hasC.threequarters,isD.threequarter,are

3.Itwilltaketimetofinishthework.

A.oneandahalfyears'B.ayearandhalfC.oneandahalfyear'sD.ayearandhalf's

4.—Howlongwillyourstayhere?—For.

A.oneandtwoday'sB.oneandtwodayC.adayortwoD.oneortwoday

5.WhenhemovedtoGermanyin,hewasalreadyin.

A.thefifties;hissixtiesB.fifties;hissixties

C.thefifties;hissixtyD.fifty;sixty

6.Mybrotherlivesinonfloor.

A.sixRoom;secondB.Roomsix;thesecond

C.Roomsix;twofloorD.theroomsix;thesecond

7.Decemberismonthoftheyear.

A.twelveB.twelfthC.thetwelfthD.thetwelve

8.Thistookplaceinthe.

A.1940B.1940sC.1940esD.1940,h

9.Itisonlyfrommyhometothetrainstation.

A.tenminuteswalkB.ten-minuteswalkC.tenminutes'swalkD.tenminutes'walk

10.Thereareinthisbuilding,Iliveon.

A.ninefloors,theninthfloorB.ninefloor,theninthfloor

C.ninefloor,ninefloorsD.ninthfloor,theninthfloor

11.ThewaterbehindtheThreeGorgesDamsshouldbehigherthandownstream（下游）。

A.sixty-fivemeterB.sixty-fifthmeterC.sixty-fivemetersD.sixty-fifthmeters

12.Therearedaysinayear.

A.threehundredsixty-fiveB.threehundredandsixty-five

C.threehundredandsixty-fiveD.twohundredsandsixty-five

13.-Howmanyteachersarethereinyourschool?--.,butFmnotsure.

A.HundredsB.HundredC.HundredsofD.Onehundred

14.Therearedoctorsandnursesworkinghardinthathospital.

A.thousandB.twothousandC.twothousandsD.twothousandsof

15.—What'sonefourthandahalf,doyouknow?—Yes,it's.

A.twosixthsB.threefourthsC.onethreeD.threesixth

16.Nowchildren,turntopageandlookatthepictureinLessonTwo.

A.twentieth,oneB.twenty,oneC.twentieth,firstD.twenty,first

17.Bothofthetworulersarebroken.Iwanttobuyaone.

A.threeB.thirdC.forthD./

18.Decemberisthemonthinyear.

A.twentyB.twelveC.twentiethD.twelfth

19.—Whatisthedatetoday?—It's.

A.ThursdayB.JunethesixteenthC.thebestdayD.Junefifteen

20.SheknowsalotaboutChinaasshehasbeentoChina.

A.fortheforthtimeB.fourtimesC.afourthtimeD.forfourtimes

1-5CCACA6-10BCBD11-15CCCDA16-20DBDBB

五、動詞

動詞是表示動作（study,find,swim等）或狀態(tài)（be,like,feel等）的詞。動詞具有人稱、

數(shù)量、時態(tài)、語態(tài)和語態(tài)變化。

知識梳理:提綱挈領,抓住重點和難點!

動詞分類：動詞有助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、聯(lián)系動詞和行為動詞四類。

-）助動詞略

-）情態(tài)動詞略

三）系動詞：系動詞的種類

系動詞含有定意義，它們要與其后做表語的形容詞、名詞或介詞（短語）等一起構成

合成謂語。系動詞按意義可分為三類，而且有自己的特定用法。

1,按意義聯(lián)系動詞有：

be,appear,seem,keep,remain,continue,stay,prove等：Jimappearsveryold.

2、表示感覺的聯(lián)系動詞有

look,feel,smell,sound,taste等。如：Itsmellsbad.

3、表示轉(zhuǎn)變的聯(lián)系動詞有become,fall,get,go,grow,turn：

Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago.

四）行為動詞

行為動詞又稱實義動詞，它們都含有實在的意義，表示動作或狀態(tài)，可在句中獨立作謂

語。行為動詞又分為及物動詞和不及物動詞。

1、及物動詞。及物動詞后一定要跟賓語，意思才能完整：

Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme.

2、不及物動詞?不及物動詞意義完整，不需帶賓語，但如果有些不及物動詞非要帶賓語時，

必須先加介詞后加賓語：

Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.

五）動詞的時態(tài)：時態(tài)是表明動作發(fā)生在什么時候，主要是通過動詞的變愛，不同的時態(tài)

其動詞有不同的變化形式,一定要弄清各個時態(tài)其動詞的不同變化形式。

1.一般現(xiàn)在時動詞的變形:be-am—is—are;實意動詞的變化形式為：

1）當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時：動詞要加“s”或“es"，have-has,be—is

Tomdoeshishomeworkatschool.

DoesTomdohishomeworkatschool?Yes,hedoes./No,hedoesn't.

Tomdoesn'tdohishomeworkatschool.

Hehasbreakfastathome.Doeshehavebreakfastathome?

Shejs_oftenlateforclass.Issheoftenlateforclass?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.

2）當主語是其它人稱時：動詞要用原形，be-am（I）,be-are（其它人稱）

TomandJackgotomoviesonweekends.

DoTomandJackgotomoviesonweekends?Yes?theydo,No,theydon't.

Iambusyeveryday.Areyoufreetoday?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.

Theyarefreetoday.Aretheyfreetoday?Yes,theyare.No,theyaren't.

3）一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的用法：

現(xiàn)階段經(jīng)常性，習慣性的動作：

Igelupatsixeverymorning.

Heplaystennisonceaweek.

現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)：

Mymotherisateacher.SheteachesEnglishinaschool.

客觀真理：

Theearthgoesaroundthesun.

4）常用于一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)的時間狀語：

oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。

例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.—MayIhelpyou,sir?—Yes,IboughttheTVthedaybeforeyesterday,butit.

A.didn'tworkB.doesn'tworkC.won'tworkD.can*twork

2.thebusuntilit..

A.Getoff,stopsB.Getoff,willstopC.Don'tgetoff,stopsD.Don'tgetoff,willstop

3.The70-year-oldmanexercisesinthemorning.

A.takesB.aretakingC.tookD.willtake

2.現(xiàn)在進行時：動詞的變爰:be動詞沒有此時態(tài)；實意動詞的變化形式為：am/is/are+v-ing

現(xiàn)在進行時的用法：

1）說話時正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（動作是在說話時正在進行）：

Sheishavingabathnow.Sheisn'thavingabathnow.

Isshehavingabathnow?Yes,sheis.No,sheisn't.

2）現(xiàn)階段正在進行或發(fā)生的動作（但是動作并不是必須在說話時正在進行）：

Youareworkinghardthesedays.

KatewantstoworkinItaly,sosheislearningItalian.

Thepopulationoftheworldisgrowingveryfast.

3）頻度副詞always,forever等詞連用時,表示某種強烈的感情：

Heisalwaystryingoutnewideas.（表示欣賞，表揚）

4）表示按計劃即將發(fā)生的動作（僅限于go,come,arrive,leave,start,fly,begin,stay等動詞）：

Thepartyisbeginningat8:00o'clock.

5）常用于現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)的時間狀語：now等。

oftenusuallysometimesalwayseverydayneverinthemorning等。

例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.1don'tthinkthatit'strue.She'salwayslies.

A.tellB.tellsC.tellingD.told

2.Howyouwiththenewjob?

A.do,doB.do,getalongC.are,doingD.are,gettingon

3.—Arethesesocksyours?—No.Mineoutsideontheclothesline.

A.arehangingB.havehungC.hangD.hung

3、過去進行時

動詞的變形:be動詞沒有；實意動詞的變化形式為：was/were+v-ing

過去進行時的用法：表示過去某一階段或某一時刻正在進行的動作：

WewereplayingsoccerwhenthealiensgotofftheUFO.

ThistimelastyearIwaslivinginBrazil.

Wereyouplayingcomputergamesat10o'clocklastnight?

3）常用于過去進行時的時間狀語：atfouryesterdayafternoon,then,atthattime/moment等。

例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.MotherwhenIgothome.

A.wascookingB.cooksCcookedD.hascooked

2.Whatyouat8lastnight?

A.were,doingB.did,doC.are,doingD.do,do

4.一般將來時

動詞的變形:

1）助動詞will（shall）+動詞原形

Theywillvisitthemuseumtomorrow.

Wewillbebusyneatterm.

2）am/is/are+goingto+動詞原形

Tinaisgoingtovisitthezoowithherparentstomorrow.

3）用現(xiàn)在進行時表將來:come,go,leave,arrive,start,fly,begin,stay.etc.

Tomiscomingtoseeustomorrow.

TheyareleavingforAustralianextmonth.

4）用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來：

Wewillgofishingifitdoesn'traintomorrow.比較：Idon'tknowifitwillraintomorrow.

HewillcallusafterhegetstoBeijing.

一般將來時的用法：

1）將要發(fā)生的動作：

IwillleaveforBeijingtomorrow.

2）將要存在的狀態(tài)：

ThistimenextyearIwillbeinJapan.Wherewillyoube?

3）打算要做的事:am/is/are+goingto+動詞原形

Areyougoingtowatchthefilmontelevisiontonight?

4）表示將來的愿望：will（sha11）+動詞原形

Hewillbeascientistwhenhegrowsupinthefuture.

常用于一般將來時的時間狀語：

tomorrow,nextweek,intwodays,etc.Hewillbebackinaweek.

例題解析:舉一反三,學的更輕松!

1.1forHongKongonSaturday.Willyougotoseemeoffattheairport?

A.amleavingB.amleftC.amgoingtoleavingD.lef