空間科學(xué)及其應(yīng)用術(shù)語 第1部分：基礎(chǔ) 征求意見稿

空間科學(xué)及其應(yīng)用術(shù)語第1部分：基礎(chǔ)通用GB/T30114的本部分界定了空間科學(xué)），太陽的電磁輻射和粒子流對地球磁場、電離層和氣候等方面產(chǎn)生影響和相互作用的區(qū)域。2磁層物理學(xué)magnetosphericp研究地球內(nèi)稟磁場在太陽風(fēng)作用下形成的區(qū)域中的物理過程及與電離層和太陽風(fēng)擾動之間關(guān)系的研究距離海平面100km高度的中高層大氣結(jié)構(gòu)、成分、性質(zhì)、密度、溫度和動力學(xué)等物理過程的學(xué)研究太陽電磁輻射和粒子輻射在日地空間的傳輸和對地球空間產(chǎn)生影響空間環(huán)境科學(xué)spaceenvironme3研究太陽的化學(xué)組成、結(jié)構(gòu)、物理狀態(tài)以及起源和演化的從整體上研究宇宙的起源、結(jié)構(gòu)、組成、演化的天示例：觀測宇宙學(xué)（ObservationalCosmology）側(cè)重于發(fā)現(xiàn)宇宙大尺度觀測特征；理論宇宙學(xué)（Theoretical空間天文學(xué)觀測可采用高空飛機(jī)、平流層氣利用空間平臺接收源自天體的波長約1mm以上的無空間亞毫米波天文spacesubmillimeterwave利用空間平臺接收源自天體的波長約為0.1～1mm的無線電空間光學(xué)天文spaceoptical空間紫外天文spaceultra-violet利用空間飛行器，通過探測宇宙天體波長10nm～0.38μm的紫外線輻射，研究天體的天文學(xué)分支學(xué)4空間X射線天文spaceX-ray及星系團(tuán)周圍的高溫氣體等。X射線射線天文學(xué)中以電子伏特（eV）表示利用空間飛行器，通過探測宇宙天體的波長短于0.01nm（能量高于約100keV）的γ-射線輻射，研空間中微子天文spaceneutrino子過程以及這些過程對天體結(jié)構(gòu)和演化的作用的天文學(xué)注：中微子是一種不帶電﹑靜止質(zhì)量接近于零、與物質(zhì)相互作用很弱的銀河系天文學(xué)galacticastr河外天文學(xué)extragalacticast高能天體物理highenergy研究天體和其他宇宙物質(zhì)的高能現(xiàn)象和高能過程的天文學(xué)分支研究天體的形態(tài)、結(jié)構(gòu)、化學(xué)組成等物理特性和演化規(guī)律研究恒星的性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)、物理狀況、化學(xué)組成、研究太陽系內(nèi)行星及其衛(wèi)星的物理狀態(tài)、地質(zhì)化學(xué)性質(zhì)的5注：主要研究內(nèi)容是測定行星及其衛(wèi)星的各種物理參數(shù)；行星及其研究和測定天體的位置和運(yùn)動、建立基本參考系和確定天體坐標(biāo)的成的有機(jī)整體，研究各部分之間相互作用及過程與演衛(wèi)星氣象學(xué)satellitemete衛(wèi)星海洋學(xué)satelliteoceano航天測繪技術(shù)spacemappingtech6構(gòu)造、表面與空間環(huán)境、物理場與內(nèi)部構(gòu)造、起源與演化歷史的共性和特性物質(zhì)組成、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、物理場與內(nèi)部構(gòu)造、起源與演化歷史的運(yùn)用地質(zhì)學(xué)的理論和方法,研究月球的地形地貌、物質(zhì)組成、地質(zhì)構(gòu)造、物理場與內(nèi)部構(gòu)造、起源研究生命在宇宙中的起源、進(jìn)化和分布，地球生在空間和地面模擬空間環(huán)境中研究地球生物對空間環(huán)境響應(yīng)的生物學(xué)問題的學(xué)7利用空間條件，應(yīng)用生命科學(xué)研究成果，對生注：空間生物技術(shù)綜合分子生物學(xué)、生物化學(xué)、遺傳學(xué)、細(xì)胞生物學(xué)、胚胎學(xué)、免疫學(xué)、化學(xué)、物理學(xué)、信息學(xué)、空間制藥spacepharmaceutical利用空間生物技術(shù)研制開發(fā)應(yīng)用于診斷、預(yù)防、治療人體疾病的試劑研究航天飛行中影響航天員安全、健康和工作效率等醫(yī)學(xué)問題的綜合性理論與應(yīng)用學(xué)科。航天醫(yī)學(xué)工程學(xué)spacemedico-engine研究載人航天活動對人的影響及其特征規(guī)律，探索載人航天人-機(jī)(航天器)-環(huán)境系統(tǒng)工程理論與技術(shù)，保障航天員的安全、健康和高效工作的綜合性應(yīng)用技研究地球以外空間中生命的起源、進(jìn)化、分布及其特征的微重力流體物理學(xué)microgravityfluid研究微重力環(huán)境中液體、氣體以及分散體系等物質(zhì)的流體注：其研究為空間材料科學(xué)、空間生命科學(xué)及生物技術(shù)、航天醫(yī)學(xué)及基微重力燃燒科學(xué)microgravitycombustion8空間基礎(chǔ)物理學(xué)spacefundament行星探測planetaryexpl空間環(huán)境預(yù)報(bào)spaceenvironment示例：宇宙探測器、月球探測器、火星探測器、行星和數(shù)器和電離室、閃爍計(jì)數(shù)器、半導(dǎo)體計(jì)數(shù)器、契倫科夫探測器；應(yīng)用于等離子體探測的法拉第9捕集器以及探針；應(yīng)用于磁場探測的線圈式磁強(qiáng)計(jì)、磁通門磁強(qiáng)計(jì)、質(zhì)子旋進(jìn)磁強(qiáng)計(jì)空間自然環(huán)境監(jiān)測earthenvironmentmonitoringfrom空間自然資源探測naturalres人類活動影響空間監(jiān)測humanactivitymonitoringfrom災(zāi)害空間監(jiān)測與預(yù)測disastermonitoringan將載人航天器密封艙內(nèi)的大氣環(huán)境控制在人體生理要求范圍之內(nèi)，并提供維持人員正常生活所需物理化學(xué)再生式生命保障技術(shù)physical為氧氣、純凈水，大部分的污染物吸收劑再生循環(huán)使12～3人，4～6個(gè)月的密閉實(shí)驗(yàn)研究，氧氣和水達(dá)到1示例：微重力流體物理實(shí)驗(yàn)、微重力燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)、空間材料科遙科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)tele-scienceex物體處于弱引力場中或物體在引力場中以引力加速度物體處于強(qiáng)引力場中或物體做過載加速運(yùn)動時(shí)，表現(xiàn)微重力環(huán)境microgravityenv微重力條件microgravityco注：遙感分類：按遙感工作平臺分為近地遙感、航空綜合利用遙感獲取的信息，為經(jīng)濟(jì)、國防建設(shè)和科學(xué)研究等提供多方面信息服務(wù)1安裝在工作平臺上，遠(yuǎn)距離探測目標(biāo)物形態(tài)和特征等相關(guān)信息5空間科學(xué)任務(wù)工程術(shù)語【GJB2496A-2015，4.1】空間應(yīng)用有效載荷payloadforspaceutilization；scien艙外載荷extra-vehicularpa安裝在航天器結(jié)構(gòu)殼體外表面，直接暴露于外太空的空間1標(biāo)準(zhǔn)艙外載荷standardextra-vehicularpaylo非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)艙外載荷non－standardextra－vehicu載荷健康管理payloadhealthman定以及對有效載荷進(jìn)行故障識別、診斷、使用、維修等活動海洋衛(wèi)星oceansatellite；oceanographics地球環(huán)境綜合監(jiān)測衛(wèi)星earthenvironmentmonitoringsa1探空火箭是在近地空間進(jìn)行探測和科學(xué)試驗(yàn)的火箭。利用探空火箭可以在高度方向探測大氣應(yīng)用載荷通用支持平臺commonsupportplatformforapplication在航天器平臺資源約束下，有統(tǒng)一機(jī)、電、熱、氣等接口，為支持一定學(xué)科范按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格尺寸設(shè)計(jì)，采用背板固定安裝在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)柜內(nèi)的艙按照標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)格尺寸設(shè)計(jì)，采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌安裝在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)柜內(nèi)的艙同時(shí)具備艙內(nèi)安裝和艙外安裝部分，且兩部分屬同一個(gè)空間應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目并相互連接的空間應(yīng)用有效地面鏡像系統(tǒng)groundmirror注1：與空間應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目相關(guān)的物資通常包括空間應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目可利用的實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)K、實(shí)驗(yàn)單元、樣品單元、實(shí)驗(yàn)樣品、備注2：空間應(yīng)用項(xiàng)目的具體實(shí)施可以采用天地配合實(shí)（試）驗(yàn)、對比實(shí)驗(yàn)、遙載荷數(shù)據(jù)處理單元PayloadDataHandlingUn1實(shí)現(xiàn)科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)繕?biāo)所需要的軟件、硬件等實(shí)驗(yàn)技術(shù)手段和資源條件以及輸入在科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)中，采用同一實(shí)驗(yàn)手段，用作標(biāo)準(zhǔn)實(shí)驗(yàn)研究對象或參照比對的實(shí)體物質(zhì)。具備相同或相近物理、化學(xué)性質(zhì)而用作替代，但并非用作真實(shí)實(shí)驗(yàn)對象在實(shí)驗(yàn)過程中用于調(diào)節(jié)、控制或維持實(shí)驗(yàn)狀態(tài)，或者使實(shí)驗(yàn)狀態(tài)、過程發(fā)生變化的物質(zhì)。示例：控制實(shí)驗(yàn)研究對象環(huán)境溫度的冷卻循環(huán)水，使物質(zhì)實(shí)驗(yàn)的物理或化學(xué)系統(tǒng)在其間存在，或?qū)嶒?yàn)的物理化學(xué)過程在其間進(jìn)行為了檢驗(yàn)空間實(shí)驗(yàn)手段和實(shí)驗(yàn)對象按照設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)驗(yàn)進(jìn)程協(xié)調(diào)工作的能力，驗(yàn)證工程和科學(xué)設(shè)計(jì)的實(shí)光照等環(huán)境控制參數(shù)的最佳協(xié)調(diào)性，干預(yù)、控制能力等所開展的實(shí)驗(yàn)示例：空間生命科學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)，一般要求在臨發(fā)1驗(yàn)進(jìn)程及干預(yù)策略，有效載荷在軌運(yùn)行時(shí)，按順序逐步運(yùn)行的方式。環(huán)模試驗(yàn)environmentalconditionsimulat為了保證產(chǎn)品在規(guī)定的壽命期間,在預(yù)期的使用、運(yùn)輸或貯存的所有環(huán)境下,保持功能可靠性而進(jìn)分析系統(tǒng)各要素性質(zhì)及其相互關(guān)系，以獲得正確決策和驗(yàn)證設(shè)計(jì)的有效載荷工程數(shù)據(jù)house-keep1為一項(xiàng)科研工程任務(wù)實(shí)施編制的，完整周期技術(shù)流程technicalwork地面定標(biāo)ground-basedcali在地面實(shí)驗(yàn)室和室外場地進(jìn)行的檢驗(yàn)、校準(zhǔn)、修正，以制定儀器設(shè)備確定的度量關(guān)系的工作。在實(shí)驗(yàn)室用模擬源做標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，對探測儀器進(jìn)行檢驗(yàn)、校準(zhǔn)、修正，以確定輸入輸出關(guān)系的工作。2通過現(xiàn)場觀測來對比遙感數(shù)據(jù)、遙感產(chǎn)品和遙感算法的正確程度的BCDFGH2K空間化學(xué)3.45LMrQR數(shù)字地球4.112TWXY月球地質(zhì)學(xué)3.48月質(zhì)學(xué)3.48Z重力加速度4.222Aaeronomy.........................................................................................................................................................3.12astrometry........................................................................................................................................................3.34atmosphereremotesensing.............................................................................................................................3.40accelerationofgravity.....................................................................................................................................4.22atmosphericwindow.......................................................................................................................................4.34applicationtasksharedsupport.......................................................................................................................5.26auxiliarymaterials...........................................................................................................................................5.44Bbioastronomy...................................................................................................................................................3.35Ccosmicrayphysics..........................................................................................................................................cosmology.......................................................................................................................................................3.18comparativeplanetology.................................................................................................................................3.44controlledEcosystemLifeSupportSystem(CELSS)..............................................................................commonsupportplatformforapplicationpayloads........................................................................................5.21compatibilitytest.............................................................................................................................................5.48calibrationcalibrationsourceDdetectordisastermonitoringandpredictingfromthespace..........................................................................................4.10digitalearth......................................................................................................................................................4.11dependpayload..................................................................................................................................................5.4datauploading.................................................................................................................................................5.52dataproduct.....................................................................................................................................................5.57Eextragalacticastronomy...................................................................................................................................3.29earthsystemscience........................................................................................................................................3.37exobiology.......................................................................................................................................................3.59earthenvironmentmonitoringfromthespace...................................................................................................4.7environmentalcontrolandlifesupportsystem...............................................................................................4.12earthobservationextra-vehicularpayload.....................................................................................................................................5.7earthenvironmentmonitoringsatellite............................................................................................................5.15exposedfacility...............................................................................................................................................5.25experimentmode.............................................................................................................................................5.29experimentunit................................................................................................................................................5.31experimentsystem...........................................................................................................................................5.34experimentmodule..........................................................................................................................................5.35experimentunit................................................................................................................................................5.36experimentrequirement...................................................................................................................................5.37experimentmaterials.......................................................................................................................................5.38experimentsample...........................................................................................................................................5.39experimentworkingmedium..........................................................................................................................5.42experimentmedium.........................................................................................................................................5.43environmentalconditionsimulationtest2experimentdata................................................................................................................................................5.55FGgalacticastronomy...........................................................................................................................................3.28geologyoftheMoon........................................................................................................................................3.48gravitationalbiology........................................................................................................................................3.53G-jitter.............................................................................................................................................................4.26gravityeffect....................................................................................................................................................4.27groundmirrorsystem.......................................................................................................................................5.27ground-basedcalibration.................................................................................................................................5.63Hheliosphere.........................................................................................................................................................3.7heliosphericphysics...........................................................................................................................................3.8highenergyastrophysics..................................................................................................................................3.30humanactivitymonitoringfromthespace........................................................................................................4.9house-keepingdata..........................................................................................................................................5.56interplanetaryspace...........................................................................................................................................3.5ionosphericphysics..........................................................................................................................................3.11integratedregenerativelifesupportingsystem................................................................................................4.16individualpayload.............................................................................................................................................5.5intra-vehicularpayload......................................................................................................................................5.6integratedpayloadavailableinsideandoutsidemodule..................................................................................5.24integratedtest...................................................................................................................................................5.46interfaceInterfaceDataSheet(IDS)...............................................................................................................................5.59in-orbitcalibrationLlunarandplanetaryscience..............................................................................................................................3.43lunargeology...................................................................................................................................................3.48lunarexploration................................................................................................................................................4.2laboratorycalibration.......................................................................................................................................5.64Mmagnetosphericphysics...................................................................................................................................3.10meteoriticsmicrogravityscience........................................................................................................................................3.60microgravityfluidphysics...............................................................................................................................3.61microgravitycombustionscience....................................................................................................................3.62materialsscienceinspace................................................................................................................................3.63gravity..............................................................................................................................................................4.21microgravityenvironment...............................................................................................................................4.25microgravitycondition.....................................................................................................................................4.25microgravity.....................................................................................................................................................4.25meteorologicalsatellite....................................................................................................................................5.13modelsample...................................................................................................................................................5.40matchingtest....................................................................................................................................................5.452Nnaturalresourceexplorationfromthespace......................................................................................................4.8non-regenerativelifesupporttechnology........................................................................................................4.12non-standardextra-vehicularpayload...............................................................................................................5.9Ooceanographicsatellite..................................................................................................................................Pplanetaryphysics.............................................................................................................................................3.33planetarygeology............................................................................................................................................3.47planetaryexploration.........................................................................................................................................4.3physicalandchemicalregenerativelifesupporttechnology...........................................................................4.14planetaryremotesensing.................................................................................................................................4.31payload..............................................................................................................................................................5.2payloadforspaceutilization.............................................................................................................................5.3payloadhealthmanagement............................................................................................................................5.10PayloadDataHandlingUniprocedurerehearsal.........................................................................................................................................5.47programmedcontrol........................................................................................................................................5.50Rremotesensing.................................................................................................................................................4.29remotesensingimageprocess.........................................................................................................................4.32remotesensingapplication..............................................................................................................................4.33remotesensorrequirementanalysis........................................................................................................................................5.19referenceexperiment.......................................................................................................................................5.49remotecontrolreferencesourceofcalibration5.67spacescience..................................................................................................................................................space..................................................................................................................................................................3.2solar-terrestrialspace.........................................................................................................................................3.4solarwindsolar-terrestrialphysics...................................................................................................................................3.13spaceenvironmentscience..............................................................................................................................spaceweather..................................................................................................................................................3.15solarphysics....................................................................................................................................................3.16spaceastronomy..............................................................................................................................................3.19spaceradioastronomy.....................................................................................................................................3.20spacesubmillimeterwaveastronomy..............................................................................................................3.21spaceinfraredastronomy................................................................................................................................3.22spaceopticalastronomy...................