職稱英語綜合類c級模擬39

職稱英語綜合類C級模擬39

第1部分：詞匯選項

1、Theirsolefaultwasafailuretorecognizeallthefactorsinvolved.

A.maximumB.usualC.initialD.only

2、ThestoriesofSarahOrneJewettareconsideredbymanytobemoreauthentically

regionalthanthoseofBretHarte.

A.elegantlyB.genuinelyC.intentionallyD.

thoroughly

3、Anewsystemofqualitycontrolwasbroughtintoovercomethedefectsin

thefirm*sproducts.

A.investedB.introducedC.installedD.insisted

4、Theyonlyhavealimitedamountoftimetogettheirpointsacross.,

A.largeB.total

C.smallD.similar

5、Thesearethemotivesfordoingit.

A.reasonsB.excuses

C.answersD.replies

6、Theboyalwayslooksthroughhishomeworkbeforehandingitin.

A.writeB.doesC.finishesD.examines

7、Hesucceededbecauseheisbothdiligentandintelligent.

A.ambitiousB.lazyC.hardworkingD.

clever

8、Smokingisbannedinpublicplacesinbigcities.

A.restrictedB.confined

C.criticizedD.forbidden

9、Onthebrinkofmatrimony,hefledtoadesertisland.

A.shipB.proposalC.edgeD.evasion

10>Thenurseryisbrightandcheerful.

A.pleasantB.colorful

C.fashionableD.different

11>Themostcrucialproblemanyeconomicsystemfacesishowtouseitsscarce

resources.

A.puzzlingB.difficult

C.terrifyingD.urgent

12>Practicallyallspeciesofanimalscommunicateeitherthroughsoundsorthrough

soundlesscodes.

A.SimultaneouslyB.AlmostC.AbsolutelyD.Basically

13、Theyconvertedthesparebedroomintoanoffice.

A.reducedB.turnedC,movedD.

reformed

14、EverybodywasgladtoseeMaryback.

A.sorryB.sad

C,angryD.happy

15>MariaChapman,abolitionistandcloseassociateofWilliamLloyedGarrison,

wrotemanybrochurescondemningslavery.

A.slogansB.shortpoems

C.sentimentsD.shortpamphlets

第2部分：閱讀判斷

Whydopeoplebecometoofat

Itisindeedunfortunatethatinourmoderneraoftechnologicandscientific

achievement,thereisnoadequateexplanationforaseeminglysimplequestion：

“whydopeoplebecometoofatandwhatcanbedonetopreventit?Habout50

millionmenand60millionwomenbetweentheagesof18and79are"toofatH

andneedtoreduceexcessweight.Thisamounttoabout377millionkgofexcess

fatformenand667millionkgforwomen,oratotaloft044millionkg(2297

millionlb)fortheUnitedStatesadultpopulation!Iftheoverfatmenand

womendietedbyconsuming600fewercalorieseachdaytoreducetoa"normal*'

valueofbodyfat(achievablein68daysformenand101daysforwomen),

thereducedcaloricintakewouldequal5.7trillingcalories.Translating

thisintofossilfuelenergyandconsideringsuchfactorsastheenergyrequired

toplant,cultivate,harvest,feed,process,transportzwholesale,retail,

acquirezstoreandcookthefood,theannualenergysavingswouldbeequal

tothatrequiredtosupplytheresidentialelectricdemandsofBoston,Chicago,

sanFranciscoandWashingtonDC,or13billiongallonsofgasolinetofuel

900,000autosperyear.Untilrecently,themajorcauseofobesitywasbelieved

tobeovereating.However,ifgluttony(貪食)andoverindulgenceweretheonly

factorsassociatedwithanincreaseinbodyfat,theeasiestwaytopermanently

reducewouldsurelytobecutbackonfood.Ofcourse,ifitwerethatsimple,

obesitywouldsoonbeeliminatedasamajorhealthproblem.Thereareobviously

otherfactorsoperativesuchasgeneticzenvironmentalzandsocialinfluences.

However,thesecausesprobablyoverlap.Itseemsfairlycertainthatthe

treatmentproceduresdevisedsofar,whethertheybediets,surgery,drugsz

psychologicmethods,orexercise,eitheraloneorincombination,havenot

beenparticularlysuccessfulinsolvingtheproblemonalong-termbasis.

Thereisnonetheless,optimismthatasresearcherscontinuetoinvestigate

themanyfacetsof.obesity,aswellastotestandquantifyvarioustreatment

modes,significantprogresscanbemadetoconquerthismajorhealthproblem.

16、Thepercentageoftheexcessfatforwomenofthetotalamountofexcess

fatisroughly50%.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

17>Lessthan5.7trillioncalorieswouldequaltheenergyrequiredannually

tosupplytheresidentialelectricdemandsofBoston,Chicago,SanFrancisco,

andWashingtonDC.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

18、Indulgenceindrinking,thegenetic,environmental,socialfactorsand

overeatingshouldbeconsideredinevaluatingthecauseofanoverfatperson.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

19、Domorephysicalexerciseswillhelppersonstobuildourbodies.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

20、Thewriterfinallysaysthereisoptimismforthetreatmentofobesity,

becausesignificantprogresswillbemadetoconquerthismajorhealthproblem

throughtheresearchers*efforts.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

21>Peoplefailtosolvetheimportantproblemofobesityandweightcontrol

inourmodernera.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

22、Onlyyoungpersonsfacesuchaproblemthattheyaretoofat.

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

第3部分：概括大意與完成句子

VoltsfromtheSky

1.Lightninghascausedaweandwondersinceoldtimes.AlthoughBenjamin

Franklindemonstratedlightningasanenormouselectricaldischargemorethan

200yearsago,manypuzzlesstillsurroundthispowerfulphenomenon.

2.Lightningisgeneratedwhenelectricalchargesseparateinraincloudsz

thoughprocessesarestillnotfullyunderstood.Typically,positivecharges

buildatthecloudtop,whilethebottombecomesnegativelycharged.Inmost

instancesofc1oud-to-groundlightning,thenegativelychargedlowerportion

ofthecloudrepelsnegativelychargedparticlesontheground*ssurfaces,

makingitbecomepositivelycharged,Thepositivechargeonthegroundgathers

atelevatedpoints.

3.Aflowofelectronsbeginsbetweenthecloudandearth.Whenthevoltage

chargebecomeslargeenoughzitbreaksthroughtheinsulatingbarrierofairz

andelectronszigzagearthward.Weseethedischargeaslightning.

4.Lightningcanoccurwithinacloud,betweenclouds,orbetweenclouds

andtheground.Thefirstvariety,intra-cloudlightning,isthemostfrequent

butisoftenhiddenfromourview.Cloud-to-groundlightning,makingupabout

20percentoflightningdischarges,iswhatweusuallyseelightningcomes

inseveralformszincludingsheet,ribbon,andball,Intra-cloudlightning

canilluminateacloudsoitlookslikeaWhitesheet,henceitsname.When

c1oud-to-groundlightningoccursduringstrongwinds,theycanshiftthe

lightningchannelsidewayszsoitlookslikearibbon.Theaveragelightning

strikeismorethan3mileslongandcantravelatatenthofthespeedof

light.Balllightning,therarestandmostmysteriousform,derivesitsname

fromthesmallluminousballthatappearsneartheimpactpoint,moves

horizontally,andlastsforseveralseconds.

5.Thunderisgeneratedbythetremendousheatreleasedinalightning

dischargesecond.Thissuddenheatingactsasanexplosion,generatingshock

waveswehearasthunder.

6.About2,000thunderstormsareoccurringintheworldatanytime,

generatingabout100lightningstrikeseverysecond,or8milliondaily.Within

theUnitedStates,lightningstrikesareestimatedat20millionayear,or

about22,000perday.Youhaveal-in-600,000chanceofbeingstruckbylightning

duringyourlifetime.Lightningcanstriketwiceormoreinthesamespot.

TheEmpireStateBuildinginNewYorkisstruckbylightningabouttwodozen

timesannually.

7.Youcanmeasurehowfaryouarefromalightningstrikebycounting

thesecondsbetweenviewingtheflashandhearingthebang,andthendividing

byfive.Thisapproximatesthemileage.

23、Paragraphs2and3

A.C1oud-to-groundlightningoccurringintheU.S.

B.Typesoflightning

C.Causeoflightning

D.Differencesbetweenthunderandthunderstorm

E.FrequenciesofthunderstormsoccurringintheworldandtheU.S.

F.Shockwavesasthunder

24、Paragraph4

25、Paragraph5

26、Paragraph6

27>Inmostcasesofcloudto-groundlightningtheground1ssurface

A.occursmostinfrequently

B.isshiftedsidewaysbystrongwinds

C.isoftenhiddenfromourview

D.isequippedwithagoodknowledgeofvariousformsoflightning

E.isestimatedat20millionsayear

F.ispositivelycharged

28>Oneformoflightningthatisballlightning.

29、C1oud-to-groundlightninglookslikearibbonwhenitslightning

channel

30、Althoughnotfullyunderstandingprocessesoflightningman

第4部分：閱讀理解

第―

DancingintheStreets

IfthereisonethingcertaintogetBraziliansontheirfeetzitisthe

RioCarnival（狂歡節(jié)）.HeldinRiodeJaneiro,thecountry1sbiggestcity,

thecarnivalbeganonFebruary20whenthemayorgavekeyofthecitytoRei

Momo-theLordofMisrule（無序之皇）

Onhisorders,eachyearpeopleturnthecityintoaparadiseofdance

andmusic.Thefollowingsixdaysaresofunofparadeszstreetdancing,fantastic

clothesandpartying（聚會）thatmanypeopleforgetabouteatingandsleeping.

"ItwasthepassionofthecarnivalthatattractedmetoBrazilandmade

mesettledowninRio.'*saidBobNadkarnizaBritishmanwhohaslivedin

thecityforseveralyears.FormanyBrazilians,thecenterpieceofthecarnival

issamba（桑巴舞）,atypicalBraziliandance.Everyyear,tensofthousands

ofvisitorsandlocalsshowofftheirpassionandenergyinthestreets,following

thebeat（節(jié)拍）oftheLatinmusic.

Theclimaxtothisstreetpartyisthefloat（彩車）parade,inwhichfloats

decoratedwithtonsoffreshflowersbyvarioussambaschoolsandlocal

communitiesmovethroughthecity.Onthetopofeachfloatstandsthecandidate

fortheDrumQueen,whoischosenattheendoftheparty.

Whilemostpeoplearefreetoenjoythecelebrations.Rio1spoliceofficers

havetokeepaclearhead.Followingthemurderofthreeofficersinagunfight

earlylastweek,theBrazilianGovernmenthastightenedsecurityinRio.The

streetfighting,robberyandsexcrimesthataccompanythecarnivalarevery

difficulttopolice.

CarnivalsbeganinancientRomeasacelebrationatwhichpeoplefedwild

wolves,inhonorofthecity1sfounderwhowassaidtohavebeenraisedby

ashe-wolf.Brazilgavenewlifetothistraditionandsodespitethetroubles,

thecarnivalwillremainasymbolofthecountry*sculture.

31>Accordingtothepassage,duringtheCarnivalpeopleinRiodidallof

thefollowingEXCEPT

A.dancinginthestreets.

B.puttingoncolorfulclothes.

C.eatingalotoffood.

D.holdingexcitingparades.

32、Howlongdoesthecarnivallast?

A.Sixdays.B.Awholeweek.

C.Eightdays.D.ThewholeofFebruary.

33、Theword"centerpiece"inthe3rdparagraphmeans.

A.themostimportantpart

B.themiddlepart

C.thecentralpartofthecity

D.themostattractivedecoration

34、Accordingtothepassage,BobNadkamiis.

A.aBrazilianwhohascomebackfromBritain

B.aBritishmanwhovisitsRioforthecarnival

C.aBritishmanwhohascometoliveinBrazil

D.aBrazilianwhoisattractedbythecarnival

35、WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECT?

A.TheearliestcarnivalswereheldinancientRome.

B.CarnivalswereoriginallyatraditionoftheBrazilians.

C.CarnivalswereoriginallyatraditionoftheRomans.

D.TheBrazilianshaveintegratedtheRomancarnivalintotheirculture.

弟一局

Don11CountonDung

“Cons一rvationists（自然保護(hù)主義者）maybemiscalculatingthenumbersofthe

threatenedanimalssuchaselephants,11sayAfricanandAmericanresearchers.

Theerroroccursbecauseofaflawinthewaytheyestimateanimalnumbers

fromthepilesofdung（糞）thecreaturesleavebehind.

Themistakecouldleadresearcherstothinkthattherearetwiceasmany

elephantsastherereallyareinsomeregionsaccordingtoAndrewPlumptre

oftheWildlifeConservationSociety（WCS）inNewYork.

BiologistKatyPayneofCornellUniversityinIthaca,NewYork,agrees.

"Wereallyneedtoknowelephantnumbersandtheevidencethatwehaveis

quiteindirectz"saysPayne,whoelectronicallytrackselephantsCounting

elephantsfromplanesisimpossibleinthevastrainforestsofCentralAfrica.

Soresearchersoftenestimateelephantnumbersbycountingdungpilesina

givenarea.Theyalsoneedtoknowtherateatwhichdungdecaysbecauseit1s

extremelydifficulttodeterminetheserates.However,researcherscounting

elephantsinoneregiontendtorelyonstandarddecayratesestablished

elsewhere.

"ButresearchersattheWCShavefoundthatthisdecayratevariesfrom

regiontoregiondependingontheclimateandenvironment.Usingthewrong

valuescanleadthecensusastray（離開正道）,“saysPlumptre.

HeandhiscolleagueAnthonyChifuNchanjistudieddecayingelephantdung

intheforestsofCameroon.Theyfoundthatthedungdecayedbetween55and

65percentmoreslowlythanthedungintherainforestsofneighbouringGabon.

IfresearchersusedecayratesfromGabontocountelephantsinCameroon,

theywouldprobablyfindmoreelephantsthanareactuallyaround.

"ThiscouldmeanestimatesinCameroonareatleasttwiceashighasthose

derivedfromdecayratescalculatedlocally,nsaysPlumptre"Howeveraccurate

yourdungdensityestimatemightbethedecayratecanseverelyaffectthe

result."

Plumptrealsosaysthatthedung-pilecensusshouldbecarriedoutover

aregionsimilarinsizetoanelephant1snaturalrange.Theusualtechnique

ofmonitoringonlysmallzprotectedareasdistortsnumbersbecauseelephants

moveinandoutoftheseregions,hesays'?Iftheelephantpopulationincreases

withintheprotectedarea,youcannotdeterminewhetheritisarealincrease

orwhetheritisduetoelephantsmovinginbecausetheyarebeingpoached（A

侵偷獵）outside.n

Plumptresaysthatsimilarproblemsmayalsoaffectotheranimalcensus

studiesthatrelyonindirectevidencesuchasnests,tracksorburrows（地

洞）.

36^Thewordnthreatened11inthefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphcould

bebestreplacedby

A."endangered".B."frightened".C."killed".D.

"angered".

37、Whydoresearchersestimateelephantnumbersinanareabycountingdung

piles?

A.Becauseelephantsaredifficulttocatch.

B.Becauseitisnotpossibletocountelephantsfromaplane.

C.Becauseitisnotpossibletokeeptrackofelephants.

D.Becauseelephantsareshyanimals.

38、Pilesofdungcan11berelieduponwhenitcomestoestimatingelephant

numbersbecause

A.theyaredifferentinsize.

B.theyscatteranovertheregion.

C.theyaredifferentindecayrate.

D.theyaredifferentinquality.

39、39AccordingtoPlumptre,theregionoverwhichadung-pilecensusis

carriedoutshouldbe

A.smallenough.B.wellprotected.

C.carefullymonitored.D.largeenough.

40、Thefirstword"He"inparagraph6refersto

A.AndrewPlumptre.

B,KatyPayne.

C.AnthonyChifuNchanji.

D.thewriterofthearticle.

卯-

AnInterestingPhenomenon

Animalsseemtohavethesensetoeatwhentheyarehungryandtheydo

noteatmorethantheirbodiesneed.Ithasbeendemonstratedthatratswillz

whengivenachoiceoveraperiodoftime,preferwaterwithvitaminstowater

withoutvitaminseventhoughthereisnodifferenceintasteorsmellbetween

thetwowaterbottles.Whenafragrantflavorwasaddedtothevitamin-enriched

fluid,theratsdidseemtodevelopatasteforitandkeptdrinkingit,even

afterthevitaminswereswitchedtotheclearwater.Intime,however,they

brokethehabitandwentbacktowherethenecessaryvitaminswere.

Inaclassicexperiment,babiesof6to12monthsoldwereplacedina

cafeteriafeedingarrangement,withawideselectionofbabyfoodbeforethem.

Theyweregivenwhateverfoodtheypointedtoorappearedinterestedin.We

aretoldthatatfirsttheyshowedsomeunusualeatingpatterns,butthat

overaperiodoftimetheymanagedtoselectwell-balanceddiet.

So,inselectingfood,ratsandbabiesdoseemtoknowandactonwhat1s

bestforthem.Apparently,thereisakindof"bodywisdom",whichhumans

soonlose.Mostofusdonoteataswiselyaswecould.Manyofourfoodpreferences

areculturallydeterminedandinfluencedbylong-establishedhabits.Some

peopleeatfox,dogandblackbirdszwhileweeatcowsandpigs.Sowhatpeople

eatandhowmuchtheyeatseemstobegreatlyinfluencedbywhatisgoing

onaroundthem.

41、Intheexperimentonrats,afragrantflavorwasaddedtotherat1sdrinking

waterto

A.encourageratstodrinkvitamin-enrichedwater

B.findoutratspreferenceinflavor

C.testwhetherratsknowwhichdrinkisgoodforthem

D.demonstratethatvitaminsaretasteless

H

42、Theexpression"thehabit(para.1zsentence4)referstodrinkingwater

which_______

A.hasnosmellB.istastelessC.hasvitaminsD.is

flavored

43、Accordingtothepassage,adultseatinghabitsdifferfromthoseofbabies

beeause

A.adultsknowbetterthanbabieswhatkindoffoodaregoodfortheir

health

B.adultsusuallycannotresistthetemptationofvariousdeliciousfoods

C.adults*eatinghabitsarecloselyrelatedtothesocialandcultural

customs

D.adultshavemorechoicesoffoodthanbabiesineatingpatterns

44、Theauthorimpliedinthepassagethatmostofus

A.eatabalanceddiet

B.choosethefoodthatisofnutrition

C.havethehabitsinfluencedbythesurroundings

D.liketoeatthefoodwithafragrantflavor

45、Asfarastheireatinghabitsareconcerned,babiesandratsaresimilar

inthat

A.bothhavethewisdomtochooseabalanceddiet

B.bothpreferflavoredfoodanddrink

C.bothhavethesameeatingpatterns

D.bothdevelopatasteforthesamekindsofflavors

第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文

FinancialRisks

Severaltypesoffinancialriskareencounteredininternationalmarketing；

themajorproblemsincludecommercial,politicalzandforeignexchangerisk.

46Theyincludesolvency,defaultzorrefusaltopaybills.Themajor

risk,however,iscompetitionwhichcanonlybedealtwiththroughconsistently

effectivemanagementandmarketing.47Suchriskisencounteredwhena

controversyarisesaboutthequalityofgoodsdelivered,adisputeovercontract

termszoranyotherdisagreementoverwhichpaymentiswithheld.Onecompany,

forexamplezshippedseveralhundredtonsofdehydratedpotatoestoa

distributorinGermany.