新小學(xué)四年級英語暑期銜接課程 第一講 be動詞和冠詞的用法學(xué)生版

第一講：be動詞和冠詞的用法【考點(diǎn)解讀】課題冠詞及be動詞教學(xué)目標(biāo)掌握冠詞跟be動詞的用法重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)區(qū)分a/an的用法以及定冠詞用法考點(diǎn)及考試要求常以選擇題的形式出現(xiàn)【知識講解】知識點(diǎn)1——be動詞（verbtobe）肯定形式否定形式Iam...Iamnot...Youare...Youarenot...He/she/itis...He/She/Itisnot...We/you/theyare...We/you/theyarenot...疑問式簡略答語AmI...?Yes,Iam.No,I’mnot.Areyou...?Yes,youare.No,youaren’t.Ishe/she/it...?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/sheitisn’t.Arewe/you/they...？Yes,we/you/theyare.No,we/you/theyaren’t.規(guī)律：is/was跟著she(她)he(他)it(它);am跟著I;are/were跟著they三、【典例探究】【例題1】：英語語法冠詞專項練習(xí)

一.概念

冠詞是一個虛詞,它置于名詞之前,限定名詞的意義.冠詞可分為定冠詞,不定冠詞和零冠詞三類.相關(guān)知識點(diǎn)精講不定冠詞：1.a用于輔音發(fā)音開頭的詞前,如：abook;an用于元音發(fā)音開頭的詞前，如：anapple,anhour.請區(qū)別：ausefulmachine,anumbrella,a“u”,an“h”。

1.a/an用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

abookaboyamanabirdadoganhour.

aninterestingbookabigdogadangerousanimal.【練習(xí)】判斷正誤：astory(

)abread(

)apaper(

)abag(

)

aprettywoman(

)aschool(

)ausefulbook(

)2.表示類別：這種用法是指某人或某物屬于某一種類，或者指某一種類的人或物中的任何一個或一件，或者指某一種類的人或物，但不具體說明是何人或何物。例如：

Thatisapen,notapencil.那是鋼筆而不是鉛筆。(指屬于某一種類)

Givehimapear,please!請給他一個梨。(指某一種類中的任何一個)

Listen!Aboyissingingintheclassroom.

3.和one的區(qū)別：a/an表示類別種類One強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量

abus(表示是一輛公交車而不是一輛小汽車也不是火車)

onebus(強(qiáng)調(diào)是一輛車而不是兩輛或三輛)

Thereisacatunderthechair.椅子下面有一只貓。(強(qiáng)調(diào)種類)

Thereisonecatunderthechair.椅子下邊有一只貓。(強(qiáng)調(diào)數(shù)量)

4.表示基本單位，作“每一”講。例如：threetimesaday,10yuanakilo

sixclassadaythirtymilesanhour等。定冠詞：

一：the表示特指。表示名詞所指的人或事物是同類中的特定的一個，以別于同類中其他的人或事物，相當(dāng)于漢語中的“那個”或“這個”的意思。

thebookinmybagtheboyunderthetree

theapplesinthebasketthehospitalnearmyhome二：可以和單、復(fù)數(shù)名詞，也可以和不可數(shù)的名詞連用。

thebooksthebookthericethebreadthefootball

theoldmantheinterestingbooktheteachersthewomen三：用法：

1).定冠詞的最基本的用法是“特指”：表示某個或某些特定的人或物。

Doyouknowthegirlinaredskirt?你認(rèn)識那個穿紅裙子的女孩嗎?BeijingisthecapitalofChina.北京是中國的首都。

2).再次提到上文提到過的人或物，應(yīng)該用定冠詞the。例如：

Tomhasanapple,theappleisbigandred.

Thereisaboyunderthetree.Theboyismybrother.

3).指談話雙方都知道的人或物。例如：

Let’sgoandgiveittotheteacher.咱們?nèi)グ阉唤o老師吧。

Openthedoor，please!請打開門。

4).用于某些固定詞組中。例如:inthemorning/afternoon/evening等。

5).用在形容詞前表示一類人。

theold老人theyoung年輕人therich富裕的人

thepoor_________theblind____________窮人盲人

6).用在表示“姓”的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前，表示一家人或夫婦二人。例如：

TheWhitesarespendingtheirholidayinEngland.

TheGreenscametoChinatwoyearsago.

7).世界上獨(dú)一無二的事物等(月亮、地球、天空、宇宙)

theglobe太陽系theuniverse宇宙theatmosphere大氣層Thesunrisesintheeast.

Theearthgoesroundthesun.零冠詞精講1.專有名詞前一般不加冠詞China中國Europe歐洲LeiFeng雷鋒WilliamShakespeare威廉·莎士比亞2.月份、周日、節(jié)日前一般不加冠詞January一月份Sunday星期日ChristmasDay圣誕節(jié)Thanksgiving感恩節(jié)NationalDay國慶節(jié)MayDay勞動節(jié)比較：...onaSundaymorning.在一個星期天的早晨...（表示某一個。）3.三餐、四季前一般不加冠詞Ihavelunchatschool.我在學(xué)校吃午餐。Summeristhebestseasonforswimming.夏天是游泳的好季節(jié)。比較：Ihadabiglunchyesterday.昨天我吃了一頓豐盛的午餐。（表示某一個）ThedinnergivenbyMrSmithwasverynice.史密斯先生款待的晚宴真是美味。（表示特指）比較：IwillneverforgetthesummerwespentinHawaii.我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記我們一起在夏威夷度過的那個夏天。（表示特指）4.進(jìn)行球類運(yùn)動playbasketball打籃球playvolleyball打排球playfootball踢足球5.沒有特指的物質(zhì)名詞Thiscartismadeofwood.這輛手推車是用木頭作的。比較：Thewoodoutsidewasallwet.外面的那些木頭都濕了。（表示特指）6.沒有特指的不可數(shù)抽象名詞Timeisprecious.時間是寶貴的。比較：Thetimeoftheplaywas1990s.這個劇本的時代背景是二十世紀(jì)九十年代。（表示特指）7.沒有特指的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式后。8.山峰MountQomolangma珠穆朗瑪峰9.固定詞組gotoschool去上學(xué)gotobed上床睡覺gobytrain乘火車去gobyboat乘船去attable在用餐inhospital住院atschool求學(xué)inschool求學(xué)atnoon在中午atnight在晚上atmidnight在半夜intown在城里10.獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)中的名詞不加冠詞Aboycamein,bookinhand.一個男孩進(jìn)來，手上拿著書。11.泛指人類Manismortal.人必有一死。12.在"kindof＋名詞sortof＋名詞"句式中Whatkindofflowerisit?這是什么花？Ilikethissortofbook.我喜歡這種書。13.指職位、頭銜的詞，如king，monitor，captain，president，chairman等。Heis(the)captainoftheteam.他是球隊的隊長。As(the)chairmanofthecommittee,Ideclarethemeetingopen.作為委員會主席，我宣布會議開始。不用冠詞的情況（1）名詞前有指示代詞this,that,these,those時不用冠詞。eg.Thatgirlismyfriend.（2）名詞前有物主代詞my,your,hisher,their等時不用冠詞。eg.Lucyishersister.（3）名詞前有whose,which,SO[1ie,any,each,every等代詞時不用冠詞。eg.WhichmanisMrGreen？Eachstudenthasabeautifulpicture.（4）復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類人或物時不用冠詞。eg.Thoseyoungmenareteachers,notstudents.（5）物質(zhì)名詞表示種類時不用冠詞。eg.Snowiswhite.（6）抽象名詞表示一般概念時不用冠詞。eg.Doesshelikemusic？（7）在球類運(yùn)動和棋類游戲前時不用冠詞。eg.playbasketball／soccer／chess（8）在三餐前不用冠詞。eg.havebreakfast／lunch／supper／dinner（9）在人名、地名、節(jié)假日、星期、月份前不用。eg.Tina,China,TiananmenSquare,Beijing,University,NewYear’sDay,Tuesday,January（10）在學(xué)科和節(jié)目名稱前不用冠詞。eg.MyfavoriteisEnglish.四、【課堂運(yùn)用】【基礎(chǔ)】【練習(xí)1】()IWecansee___sunand___moonin___picture.A.a;the;theB.the;a;theC.a;the;aD.the;the;the()2____moonmovesaround____earth,andtheybotharesmallerthansun.A.The;an;aB.A;the;theC./;/;/D.The;the;the()3Parisis___capitalofFrance.aB./C.oneD.the()1____Brownsarrivedthereyesterdayevening.A./B.AC.TheD.An()2Whynotaskyourfathertodraw____mapforyouifyouwanttogetto___Alice'shouseeasily?A.a;anB./;anC.the;aD.a;/()3____Brownsaresittingat____breakfasttable./;aB.The;/C.The;theD./;the【練習(xí)2】1.I____astudent.2.He____astudenttoo.3.You____mygoodfriend.4.We____inthesameclass.5.LileiandKangkang_____deskmates.6.It____acat.7.She____abeautifulgirl.8.They_____Chinese.9.This_____Helen.10.He____fromChina.【鞏固】【練習(xí)1】()1HanMeimeiis___Chinesegirl.Lucyis____Englishgirl.A.a;aB.an;anC.a;anD.an;a()2Alittleboywrote____"U"and___"n"onthewall.A.a;anB.an;aC.an;anD.a;a()3_____oldladyinbrownis____universityprofessor.A.An;aB.An;/C.The;anD.The;a()4Therearesixtyminutesin____hour.A.anB.theC.aD./()5Thisis____interestingbookanditisalso____usefulone.an;anB.an;theC.an;aD.a;a()6.Whichbigger,___elephantor___horse?A.a;theB.an;aC.the;anD.an;the()7.____monkeycanclimb____trees.A./;theB.A;/C.The;aD./;/()8.____rainsarefasterthan____buses./;/B.The;/C./;theD.The;a【練習(xí)2】一、用所給的單詞的復(fù)數(shù)的正確形式填空：1>Therearethree______(chair)intheclassroom.2>These_______(tomato)arered.3>Mybrotherlooksaftertwo______(baby)4>Myfatherlikestoeat_______(potato).5>Chinese______(people)liketoeatnoodles.6>Ihavealotof______(toy)inmybedroom.7>Ihelpmymotherwash______(dish)inthekitchen.8>Ihavetwo______(pencil-box).9>Therearesome______(bus)inthestreet.10>Peterhaseight_____(foot).答案：chairstomatoesbabiesphotoespeopletoysdishespencils-boxesbusesfeet二、選擇填空()1．Icanseethree________inthezoo.AmonkeysBmonkeyesCmonkey()2.Thepighasfour______.A.footB.feetC.foots()3.Mytwobrothersareboth______.A.policemanB.policemansC.policemen()4.Icanseeten_____inthepicture.A.sheepB.dogC.pig()5.The_____hasthree__.A.boys,watchesB.boy,watchC.boy,watches()6.Canyousee_______ontheplate?A.breadB.breadsC.breades()7.Thegirloftenbrushesher_____beforeshegoestobed.A.toothB.toothsC.teeth()8.MrBlackoftendrinksome_________.A.milkB.milksC.milkes()9.Therearesome_____onthefloor.A.childB.waterC.books()10..Lucywillshowussomenew____ofhers.A.photoB.photosC.photoes【拔高】【練習(xí)1】()1Wehaveneverseen____interestingfilm.A.suchB.suchanC.soD.sucha()2MrsSmithis____friendof__A.the;mineB.a;meC.the;myD.a;mine()3Heis___boy.A.aseven-years-oldB.aneight-year-oldC.theseven-year-oldD.aneight-year-older()4Isaw____accidentinthestreetyesterday.A.theB.aC.anD./(