英文閱讀理解

Passage1書簽答案

Peopleusedtobebornathomeanddieathome.Intheolddays,childrenwerefamiliarwithbirth

anddeathaspartoflife.ThisisperhapsthefirstgenerationofAmericanyoungsterswhohave

neverbeenclosebyduringthebirthofababyandhaveneverexperiencedthedeathofabeloved

familymember.

Nowadayswhenpeoplegrowold,weoftensendthemtonursinghomes.Whentheygetsick,we

transferthemtoahospital,wherechildrenareusuallyunwelcomeandareforbiddentovisit

terminallyillpatients—evenwhenthosepatientsaretheirparents.

Itisimportantfornextofkinandmembersofthehelpingprofessionstounderstandthesepatients'

communicationsinordertotrulyunderstandtheirneeds,fears,andfantasies.Mostofourpatients

welcomedanotherhumanbeingwithwhomtheycouldtalkopenly,honestly,andfranklyabout

theirpredicament.Manyofthemsharedwithustheirtremendousneedtobeinformed,tobekept

up-to-dateontheirmedicalcondition,andtobetoldwhentheendwasnear.Wefoundoutthat

patientswhohadbeendealtwithopenlyandfranklywerebetterabletocopewiththeapproachof

deathandfinallytoreachatruestageofacceptancepriortodeath.

Twothingsseemtodetermineterminalillness.Whenpatientswereallowedhopeatthebeginning

ofafatalillnessandwhentheywereinformedthattheywouldnotbedeserted"nomatterwhat',,

theywereabletodroptheirinitialshockanddenialratherquicklyandcouldarriveatapeaceful

acceptanceoftheirfiniteness.

Mostpatientsrespondtotheawarenessthattheyhaveaterminalillnesswiththestatement,"Oh

no,thiscan'thappentome”.Afterthefirstshock,numbness,andneedtodenytherealityofthe

situation,thepatientbeginstosendoutcuesthatheisreadyto"talkaboutit".Ifwe,atthatpoint,

needtodenytherealityofthesituation,thepatientwilloftenfeeldeserted,isolated,andlonely

andunabletocommunicatewithanotherhumanbeingwhatheneedssodesperatelytoshare.

When,ontheotherhand,thepatienthasonepersonwithwhomhecantalkfreely,hewillbeable

totalkabouthisillnessandabouttheconsequencesofhisdeterioratinghealth,andhewillbeable

toaskforhelp.Sometimes,he'llneedtotalkaboutfinancialmatters;and,towardtheendofthe

life,hewillfrequentlyaskfbrsomespiritualhelp.

Whatwehavetolearnisthatthestageofangerinterminalillnessisablessing,notacurse.These

patientsarenotangryattheirfamiliesoratthemembersofthehelpingprofessions.Rather,they

areangryatwhatthesepeoplerepresent:health,pep,energy.

1TheeldersofcontemporaryAmericansusedto.

transfertheirsickrelativestoday-careinstitutions.

witnessthebirthordeathofafamilymember.

experiencethefearofdeathaspartoflife.

bedeniedaccesstomedicarefacilities.

2Theexpression"nextofkin"(Line1,Paragraph3)mightmean.

thefaithfulfollowers.

thenearestrelations.

theinseparablecompanion.

theprofessionalstaff.

3Theneedofadyingpatientforcompanyshows.

hisdesireforcommunicationwithotherpeople,

hisfearofapproachingdeath.

hispessimisticattitudetowardshiscondition.

hisreluctancetopartwithhisfamily.

4Mostpatients'firstreactiontotheinformationoftheirterminalillnessis.

becomingconsciousoftheirprivileges.

beingeagertoaskforassistance.

denyingtherealityofthesituation.

acceptingtheirfiniteness.

5Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

mostpatientsareunabletocopewithdeathuntilitisinevitable.

dyingpatientsareafraidofbeingtoldoftheapproachofdeath,

mostdoctorsandnursesunderstandwhatdyingpatientsneed,

dyingpatientsshouldbetruthfullyinformedoftheircondition.

Passage2

AnimagetakenofthePacificOceanlastSeptemberisastonishing.Madeusingdatacollected

fromsatellitesmonitoredbyNASA'sJetPropulsionLaboratoryinPasadena,California,the

pictureshowsthesurfacelevelofthePacificasclearlyasayardsticklyingacrossalumpybed.

Onesampleofwater—withavolume30timesthatofalltheGreatLakes—iswhite,indicating

thatitisasmuchas13incheshigherthanitsnormallevel.

EINinoexpertsarestillstrivingtotacklethereallybigquestion:WhatiscausingtheabnormalEI

Ninobehaviorofthepasttwodecades?Butwhat?Someseethehandofglobalwarming,

acceleratingthepaceofEINinoformationandreinforcingeachevent.Supportersof

global-warming-as-EINino-instigatorincludeKevinTrenberth,aclimateanalystwiththe

NationalCenterforAtmosphericResearchinBoulder,Colorado,"There'sevidencethatglobal

warmingdidn'thavemuchimpactuntil1979,butnowit'sbeginningtobreakthrough,1'hesays.

Twoadditionalargumentsareonthetable.OnetheoryisthattherecentEINinoepidemicis

simplyoneofnature'sclimaticriffs,butthatwehaven*tbeenhearingthetunelongenoughto

recognizethechangeinkey.OneproblemisthathistoricaldataonEINinoissketchypriortothe

early1970sandalmostnonexistentgoingbackmorethan50years.Ifonelooksbackfurther,

however,fossilevidencesuggeststhatsomethingaboutEINinohasindeedchanged.Fossil

recordsofcoralintheGalapagosIslandsshowthatsome4,000yearsago,anEINinooccurred

onlyevery60yearorso.Studiesoftreeringsandicecoresindicateamorerecentcycleofseven

years,stillmuchlessfrequentthanthepresentcycleofeverythreeorfouryears.

Theotheralternative?Recordsareaccurateenoughtoshowthatwe'reinthesecondEI

Nino-intensiveeraofthepast100years.Thefirstwasduringthe1920sand30s,andprobably

wasresponsiblefortheDustBowl,whendroughtdestroyedhundredsoffarmsinOklahomaand

northTexas.Thesecondseemstohavestartedaround1976.Theseshiftsseemtobeduetoperiods

ofnaturalwarminginthePacific.ThewarmingdoesnotnecessarilycauseEINinobutcertainly

amplifiesit,creatingtheappearanceofmore—andmoresevere—EINinos.

1Thepictureasdepictedbythewriterinthefirstparagraphseemstobe.

fairlyreassuring,

verybleak,

rathershocking,

quiteexceptional.

2Theideaofthe"global-warming-as-EINino-instigator*'(Lines3,Para.2)roughlyrefersto

thecontributionofglobalwarmingtotheoccurrenceofEINino.

theunusualbehaviorofEINinointhepasttwodecades.

thecautionshownbyauthoritiesagainstthedestructionofEINino.

theaccurateforecastfortheapproachofEINino.

3ThereasonwhyitisdifficulttoexplaintheoddEINinobehaviormaybe.

lackofdetailedaccounts.

itsinconsistentbehavior.

theneedforadvancedtechnology.

itsincreasingfrequencies.

4Accordingtothepassage,theauthorconsidersforecastingofEINinotobe.

inconclusive.

effortless.

informative.

precise.

5Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

AtracetothemysteriesofEINino.

AvividaccountoftheimpactofEINino.

ExposuretothemythsofEINino.

AreviewofdifferenttheoriesonEINino.

Passage3

PeoplethinkwhatIdoissoprestigiousbecauseIgettointerviewstars.AndIhavetoadmitthat

whenIfirststartedworkingatSassyin1987Iwasexcitedaboutthatpartofmyjob.Forthefirst

coupleofmonths,anyway.ThenInoticedhowcelebritieswouldfoolmearoundformonths,

reschedulingourinterviewsorcompletelybackingoutatthelastminute.Icouldnevergetenough

timewithacelebritytofindoutanythinginteresting,andsomeactedjustplainrude.Istarted

gettingresentfuloverthewayIwastreated,andIwasreallydisappointedtoseethatthesepeople

Ihadsortofworshippedfromafarwereprettyordinary.SoIdecidedIwouldjusttellthetruth

insteadofkeepinguptheirmyths.Ifthecelebwasajerk,Iwouldsayso.IfIthoughtanyonewas

stupid,orpretentious,Ididnotholdbackthatinformation.

Ithoughtreaderswouldappreciatethatkindofhonesty.Instead,manyofthemhatedmeforit.I

havegottensomanyattacksonmycharacter,liketheover-l,000-letterattackofhatemail

followingmynegativeNewKidsontheBlockarticle.

Notalentsbecomecelebritiesallthetime.Theresultisthatnooneinanywalkoflifeseemsto

careaboutachievementortalent-fameistheonlyobjective.Everyonewantstobefamous,

becauseinoursocietyyouarenotconsideredasuccessunlessyouarefamous,nomatterwhat

yourcareer.Evenbeingfamousfordoingnothingismoredesirablethanbeingtrulycreativeand

talented.

Whydoweneedcelebrities?Ineffect,themediacreatedcelebritiestosatisfyourprimitiveneed

forgossip.Overtime,talkingaboutpeoplewehavenevermetandareneverlikelytomeet

becameanobsession.It'sgottentothepointwheresomepeoplearemoreinterestedinthe

personallivesofthestarsthaninthelivesoftheirfamilyandfriends.Thatiswhyitisso

ridiculouswhenacelebwantstodiscussonlyhisorherworkinaninterview-likewecare.We

wantthedirtontheirpersonallives.

Thereisanotherreasonweworshipcelebrities.Asawhole,oursocietyisnotasreligiousasit

oncewas.Itseemslikepeopleneedsomethingtofulfillthemthewayreligiononcedid.Celebrity

worshipexistsasatwistedandunfulfillingsubstituteoftrueheroes.

Wemakethemstars,butthentheirfamemakesusfeelinsignificant—andwetrulyfeelbetter

aboutourselveswhentheydie.Iampartofthiswholeprocess.NowonderIfeelsoiledattheend

ofwork-day.

1Theauthor'soverallattitudetowardstheexistenceofcelebritiesseemstobe.

biased.

critical.

arbitrary.

compromising.

2Itseemsthatsomepeopleaspointedoutbytheauthorare.

obsessedwithremarksoncelebrities.

inthehabitofpokingfunatothers.

caughtininevitabledilemmas.

outofstepwithmodernlifestyles.

3Itisgenerallyacceptedthatcelebritiesare.

amiiToroftruemassmedia.

mythicalandartificial.

abunchofgood-fbr-nothings.

admirableandtalented.

4Theauthorfeelssoiledattheendofherworkdaybecause.

sheassociatescelebritieswiththelabor.

sherealizescelebritiesarenotnobleatall.

oftheenvironmentinwhichsheisworking.

ofthesincerityasshownbycelebrities.

5Thispassageisintendedto.

highlighttheroleofcelebrities.

callforareturntosimplicity.

debunkthemythsofcelebrities.

ridiculethefailuresofcelebrities.

Passage4

Nineteenfifty-onewasn'tsolongago.YoumayevenremembertheeventsthatunfoldedinTopeka,

Kans.,thatyear.Ten-year-oldLindaBrown,astudentattheall-blackMonroeSchool,wishedto

enrollattheSummerElementarySchool,anall-whiteschoolacrossthestreetfromherhouse.The

resultingconflictledtoBrownv.BoardofEducation,the1954SupremeCourtrulingthatended

schoolsegregationintheUnitedStates.Itwasahistoricepisode—andso,sixyearsago,the

NationalParkservicenamedtheMonroeSchoolaNationalHistoricSite,inhopesthatitmight

inspirefuturegenerations.Today,however,theMonroeSchoolisanythingbutinspiring.Itlies

guttedandemptyutterlyunfitforvisitors.

Andit'snotalone."Literallythousands"ofpubliclyandprivatelyheldhistoricsitesandartifacts

acrossthecountrywillrequiresignificantattentionifthey'retolastanydistanceintothenext

millennium,saysRichardMoe,presidentoftheNationalTrustforHistoricPreservation(NTHF),

a270,000-membereducationandadvocacyorganization.PresidentBillClinton,itseems,agrees.

Inhisbudgetmessageearlierthisyear,heaskedCongresstosetaside$50millionineachofthe

nextthreeyearstohelpinthemaintenanceandrestorationofthebuildings,battlefields,landmarks

andartifactsthatarethelegacyofournation'shistory.TheproposedfundsarepartofanewWhite

HouseinitiativecalledtheSaveAmerica'sTreasuresMillenniumProgram,whichwillteampublic

agencieswithprivategroupsliketheNTHPtoidentifyandcarryoutthecountry'smostUrgent

preservationprojects.HWe*reindangeroflosingsomeofourheritage,"saysMoe.

Savingthatheritagewilltakebothmoneyandingenuity.Theparkservicealonehasamaintenance

backlogestimatedat$5billionto$8billion.Ofthe20,000historicstructuressofaridentifiedon

parksites,morethanhalfarethoughttobeinpoor,fairorunknowncondition.HRightnow,there's

justnofederalmoney/saysNPSchiefhistoricalarchitectRandyBiallis.Evenifthatchanges,

preservationworkwillbenowalkinthepark.UnlikeEurope'sstonecastlesandcathedrals,

Americanhistoricalsitesareoftensimple,wood-framedbuildings,whicharesubjecttothe

ravagesofmoistureandinsects.Veryfewwoodenstructuresbuiltbefore1750surviveatall,and

thosethatdoeitherrequireconstantupkeeporhaveactuallybeenrebuiltusingmodemmaterials

andtechniques.

Somerecentsuccesseshaverekindledhopeamongthepreservationists.Afewyearsago

Lawnfield,a29-roomVictorianmansionnearCleveland,whereJamesA.Garfieldbasedhis

“front-porchcampaign,'in1880,hadfallenintosuchdisrepairthatithadtobeclosedtothepublic.

Now,aftertwoyearsand$13millionworthofwork,thehouseanditsgroundsaregettingreadyto

reopen."Wewereindangeroflosingthishouse,"says75-year-oldJimGarfield,thepresident's

great-grandson.

1TheauthorthinkstheTopekaeventproved.

dubiously-oriented.

anythingbutradical.

far-reaching.

nothingbutinspiring.

2Aspointedoutbytheauthor,numeroushistoricsites.

shouldbesubjectedtoappraisal.

fallvictimtourbanexpansion.

areindireneedofrestorationandrenewal.

outofproportiontoopenplanning.

3Intheeyesoftheauthor,preservingU.S.heritage.

isnothingbutthegovernmentendeavors.

isthehopesoffuturegenerations.

goesagainsttheinterestsofthepopulace.

callsforfundsandinitiative.

4Oneoftheproblemsconcerningthestructuresinhistoricalsitesaspointedoutbytheauthor

liesin.

pest-infectedsurroundings.

buildingmaterials.

handicappedtechnologies.

appealingartisticstyles.

5Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat.

heritagepreservationwillbenoeasyjob.

touristattractionsshouldnotbeopentothepublic.

privategroupsarethelastresortinthecampaign.

schoolsegregationisnolongerapublicizedproblem.

Passage5

Thefamiliarsayingthattheexceptionprovestherulecontainsagooddealofwisdom,though

fromthestandpointofformallogicitbecameanabsurdityassoonas''prove"nolongermeant

"putontrial”.Theoldsawbegantobeprofoundpsychologyfromthetimeitceasedtohave

standinginlogic.Whatitmightwellsuggesttoustodayisthat,ifarulehasabsolutelyno

exceptions,itisnotrecognizedasaruleorasanythingelse;itisthenpartofthebackgroundof

experienceofwhichwetendtoremainunconscious.Neverhavingexperiencedanythingin

contrasttoit,wecannotisolateitandformulateitasaruleuntilwesoenlargeourexperienceand

expandourbaseofreferencethatweencounteraninterruptionofitsregularity.Thesituationis

somewhatanalogoustothatofnotmissingthewatertillthewellrunsdry,ornotrealizingthatwe

needairtillwearechoking.

Forinstance,ifaraceofpeoplehadthephysiologicaldefectofbeingabletoseeonlythecolor

blue,theywouldhardlybeabletoformulatetherulethattheysawonlyblue.Thetermbluewould

conveynomeaningtothem,theirlanguagewouldlackcolorterms,andtheirwordsdenotingtheir

varioussensationsofbluewouldanswerto,andtranslate,ourwords"light,dark,white,black',,

andsoon,notourword“blue”.Inordertoformulatetheruleornormofseeingonlyblue,they

wouldneedexceptionalmomentsinwhichtheysawothercolors.Thephenomenonofgravitation

formsarulewithoutexceptions;needlesstosay,theuntutoredpersonisutterlyunawareofany

lawofgravitation,foritwouldneverenterhisheadtoconceiveofauniverseinwhichbodies

behaveotherwisethantheydoattheearth'ssurface.Likethecolorbluewithourhypotheticalrace,

thelawofgravitationisapartoftheuntutoredindividualsbackground,notsomethingheisolates

fromthatbackground.Thelawcouldnotbeformulateduntilbodiesthatalwaysfellwereseenin

termsofawiderastronomicalworldinwhichbodiesmovedinorbitsorwentthiswayandthat.

Similarly,wheneverweturnourheads,theimageofthescenepassesacrossourretinasexactlyas

itwouldifthesceneturnedaroundus.Butthiseffectisbackground,andwedonotrecognizeit;

wedonotseearoomtumaroundusbutareconsciousonlyofhavingturnedourheads一ina

stationaryroom.Ifweobservecriticallywhileturningtheheadoreyesquickly,weshallsee,no

motionitistrue,yetablurringofthescenebetweentwoclearviews.Normallywearequite

unconsciousofthiscontinualblurringbutseemtobelookingaboutinanunblurredworld.

1Thepopularsayingthatntheexceptionprovestherule"

identifiesexceptionwithruleandmisleadsalotofpeople.

usedtosoundlogicalwhen“prove"conveys"putontrial."

pointstothetruththatarulewithoutexceptionsisperfect,

soundssoabsurdtodaythatpeoplenolongerrefertoit.

2Ifaraceofpeoplewereabletoseethecolorblueonly,theirwordsdenotingtheirvarious

sensationsofbluewould____ourwordsof"light,dark,whiteorblack.1'

runcounterto

beequivalentto

derivefrom

bearnorelationto

3Anilliterateisutterlyignorantofanylawofgravitationbecause

exceptionsofthelawusuallycannotbeperceivedbyhisowneyes,

thelawofgravitationisanideaheisolatesfromhisindividualbackground,

heoccasionallyconceivesofauniverseinwhichbodiesbehavedifferently,

herarelygoesoutofhisroomtoseeandinvestigatetheworld.

4Whenwetumourheadsquickly,wewill

recognizethatthesceneturnsaroundus.

findthatthebackgroundturnsblurred,

onlyseeablurringofthescene,

forgetthatweareinastationaryroom.

5Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

whythelawofgravitationisdifficultforpeopletounderstand.

howwecanovercomethephysiologicaldefecteffectively,

whetherweshouldstudycarefullytheexceptiontotheruleornot.

howwedealwithsomethingwhenweareunawareofitsexistence.

Passage6

TeachersintheUnitedStatesearnlessrelativetonationalincomethantheircounterpartsinmany

industrializedcountries,yettheyspendfarmorehoursinfrontoftheclassroom,accordingtoa

majornewinternationalstudy.

Thesalarydifferentialsarepartofapatternofrelativelylowpublicinvestmentineducationinthe

UnitedStatescomparedwithothermembernationsoftheOrganizationforEconomicCooperation

andDevelopment,agroupinParisthatcompiledthereport.Totalgovernmentspendingon

educationalinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesslippedto4.8percentofgrossdomesticproductin

1998,fallingundertheinternationalaverage5percent-forthefirsttime.

“Thewholeeconomyhasgrownfasterthantheeducationsystem",AndreasSchleicher,oneofthe

report'sauthorsexplained."Theeconomyhasdoneverywell,butteachershavenotfully

benefited".

Thereport,dueouttoday,isthesixthoneducationpublishedsince1991bytheorganizationof30

nations,foundedin1960,andnowcoveringmuchofEurope,NorthAmerica,Japan,SouthKorea,

AustraliaandNewZealand.

Inadditiontotheteacherpaygap,thereportshowstheothercountrieshavebeguntocatchup

withtheUnitedStatesinhighereducation:collegeenrollmenthasgrownby20percentsince1995

acrossthegroup,withoneinfouryoungpeoplenowearningdegrees.Forthefirsttime,the

UnitedStatescollegegraduationrate,nowat33percent,isnottheworldhighest.Finland,the

Netherlands,NewZealandandBritainhavesurpassedit.

TheUnitedStatesisalsoproducingfewermathematicsandsciencegraduatesthanmostofthe

othermemberstates.And,thereportsays,acollegedegreeproducesagreaterboostinincome

herewhilethelackofahighschooldiplomaimposesabiggerincomepenalty.

nThenumberofgraduatesisincreasing,butthatstimulatesevenmoreofademand—thereisno

endinsight",Mr.Schleichersaid."Thedemandforskill,clearly,isgrowingfasterthanthesupply

thatiscomingfromschoolsandcolleges1'.

ThereportliststhesalaryforahighschoolteacherintheUnitedStateswith15yearsexperiences

as$36,219,abovetheinternationalaverageof$31,887butbehindsevenothercountriesandless

than60percentofSwitzerland's$62,052.BecauseteachersintheUnitedStateshaveaheavier

classroomload-teachingalmostathirdmorehoursthantheircounterpartsabroad—theirsalary

perhourofactualteachingis$35,lessthantheinternationalaverageof$41(Denmark,Spainand

Germanypaymorethan$50perteachinghour,southKorea$77).

1Thepictureasdepictedbythewriterinthefirstparagraphseemstobe

fairlyreassuring.

verybleak.

ratherdiscouraging.

quiteexceptional.

2AccordingtoMr.Schleicher,thesupplythatiscomingfromUSschoolsandcolleges

fallsshortofthesocialdemandsfbrskills.

istheoriginsofteacherpaygap.

meetstheanticipationsofbusinessinstitutions.

isamanifestationofthehighlevelofitseducation.

3Peoplewhoholdacollegedegreewillhaveanadvantageoverthosewhodonothaveahigh

schooldiploma,intermsof

opportunitiesinpromotions.

increasesinincomes.

changesinlife-styles.

qualificationstobeteachers.

4Wecanlearnfromthetextthat

teachersintheUnitedStateshavetoshouldergreaterteachingresponsibilitiesthantheir

counterpartsabroad.

theUnitedStatessurpassesallitsrivalswithrespecttoproducingmathematicsandscience

collegegraduates.

thequalityofhighereducationintheUnitedStatesdegradeowingtoitsaimlessexpansions

andpoorteachingstrategies.

totalgovernmentspendingoneducationalinstitutionsintheUnitedStatesiscomparableto

thatinothernationsabroad.

5Thebesttitlefbrthispassagewouldbe

ThosewhoBenefitfromEconomicExpansions.

HigherDropoutRatesintheUS.

AnImpressiveImageProjectingtoOutsiders.

EducationStudyFindsUSFallingShort.

Passage7

Theroadsignshavebeenchanged—nolonger"MenatWork"but"PeopleWorking".Every

occupationrecordedbytheCensusBureau,uptoandincludingstevedoresandboilermakers,lists

womenaswellasmen.Forty-fourpercentofallemployedAmericansarewomen.What'smore,

thepercentagecontinuestorise,whichposesaquestion:Arethegainsbeingmadebywomenin

theworkplacecomingattheexpenseofmen?

Onthefaceofit,theanswerisclear.Unlesstotalemploymentinthenationexpandsmorerapidly

thanithas,somesubstantialnumberofmenaregoingtocontinuetoloseoutinthejobraceto

women.Buttheprocessbywhichthechangeistakingplaceiscomplex,andtheexplanationgoes

beyondthepoliticalandlegalpressuresthatarepartofwomen'scampaignfbrequalrights.

Therehavebeenchangesinthecharacterofworkthathavemotivatedthathiringofwomen.Inthe

insuranceindustry,forexample,thepositionsofadjustersandexaminerswereoncelargelyheld

bymen,whowentoutandinspecteddentedfenders.Today,theworkconsistsmainlyofsittingat

acomputerterminal,enteringinsuranceclaims.Womennowhold65percentofthesejobs,up

from27percentin1970.Ingeneral,womenarefillingthenew,lower-payingjobsinofficesand

theserviceindustry.

Somejobsthatwereonceall-malepreserveschangedwiththeintroductionofmodernequipment.

Thathappenedinthemeatpackingindustry,whereautomaticmachinesformovingsidesofbeef

haveeasedtheneedforsomuchheavingandhoisting.Since1970,theproportionof

packinghousebutcherswhoarewomenhasincreasedbymorethanone-third.

Amongthemostvividcasesofdisplacementarethoseintheupperreachesoftheworkplace.The

proportionofwomenamonggraduatestudentshasbeenincreasingdramatically,providingstiff

competitionforyoungmenwho,agenerationearlier,mighthavebeenallbutcertainofexecutive

orprofessionalcareers.

Ofcourse,discriminationagainstwomencontinues.Moreover,onlyrarelyisthereaone-for-one

substitution,thedischargeofamansothatawomancanbehiredtotakehisplace.Yetthetrend

towardthedisplacementofmaleworkersgoeson.AccordingtotheUnitedStatesLabor

Department,two-thirdsofthegrowthinthelaborforcebetweennowand1995willbeaccounted

forbywomen;bythatyear,thedepartmentexpects,only65percentofmenaged55to64willbe

inthelaborforce.

Inanationthatpridesitselfonacommitmenttoequalityofopportunity,women'sprogressinthe

workplacecanonlybeseenasinevitableandfair.Thatshouldnot,however,blindustothemajor

impactthischangewillhave,notonlyintermsofjobsbutintermsofthesocietyasawhole,

unsettlingthebalanceofrelationshipsinthefamilyandraisingnewproblemsconcerningmale

self-esteem.

1Itcanbeseenthatwomen'sstatustodayis

beyonddispute.

ontherise.

anoddphenomenon.

alaughingstock.

2Intheupperhierarchiesoftheworkplace

menstillpossessdominanceoverwomen,

menaredeniedaccesstocentralpositions,

womenarebeingignoredincreasingly,

womenwillploughanewground.

3Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

Women'sDominanceintheWork-force.

Women'sCampaignforEqualRights.

SexDiscriminationintheU.S.

Womanvs.MenintheWorkForce.

4Withtheintroductionofmodernequipment,

ahostofmenhavebeendismissed.

womenbegintopickupjobsoncedoneonlybymen.

menaremainlyengagedinmanipulatingrobots,

womentookovermanyjobsabandonedbymen.

5Accordingtotheauthor,thechangeinwomen'sstatusintheworkplace

willstopforthetimebeing.

willcrushmen'sself-esteem.

willgiverisetonewproblems.

willbeanoptimistictendency.

Passage