2018年考研英語一真題及答案（完整版）【2】

2018年考研英語一真題及答案（完整版）【2】Text2AnewsurveybyHarvardUniversityfindsmorethantwo-thirdsofyoungAmericansdisapproveofPresidentTrump'suseofTwitter.TheimplicationisthatMillennialsprefernewsfromtheWhiteHousetobefilteredthroughothersource,Notapresident'ssocialmediaplatform.MostAmericansrelyonsocialmediatocheckdailyheadlines.Yetasdistrusthasrisentowardallmedia,peoplemaybestartingtobeefuptheirmedialiteracyskills.Suchatrendisbadlyneeded.Duringthe2016presidentialcampaign,nearlyaquarterofwebcontentsharedbyTwitterusersinthepoliticallycriticalstateofMichiganwasfakenews,accordingtotheUniversityofOxford.AndasurveyconductedforBuzzFeedNewsfound44percentofFacebookusersrarelyornevertrustnewsfromthemediagiant.Youngpeoplewhoaredigitalnativesareindeedbecomingmoreskillfulatseparatingfactfromfictionincyberspace.AKnightFoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeoplebetweenages14and24foundtheyuse“distributedtrust”toverifystories.Theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives—especiallythosethatareopenaboutanybias.“Manyyoungpeopleassumeagreatdealofpersonalresponsibilityforeducatingthemselvesandactivelyseekingoutopposingviewpoints,”thesurveyconcluded.Suchactiveresearchcanhaveanothereffect.A2014surveyconductedinAustralia,Britain,andtheUnitedStatesbytheUniversityofWisconsin-Madisonfoundthatyoungpeople'srelianceonsocialmedialedtogreaterpoliticalengagement.Socialmediaallowsuserstoexperiencenewseventsmoreintimatelyandimmediatelywhilealsopermittingthemtore-sharenewsasaprojectionoftheirvaluesandinterests.Thisforcesuserstobemoreconsciousoftheirroleinpassingalonginformation.AsurveybyBarnaresearchgroupfoundthetopreasongivenbyAmericansforthefakenewsphenomenonis“readererror,”moresothanmade-upstoriesorfactualmistakesinreporting.Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesin“misinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnews”viasocialmedia.Inotherwords,thechoicetosharenewsonsocialmediamaybetheheartoftheissue.“Thisindicatesthereisarealpersonalresponsibilityincounteractingthisproblem,”saysRoxanneStone,editorinchiefatBarnaGroup.Sowhenyoungpeoplearecriticalofanover-tweetingpresident,theyrevealamentaldisciplineinthinkingskills–andintheirchoicesonwhentoshareonsocialmedia.26.【題干】AccordingtotheParagraphs1and2,manyyoungAmericanscastdoubtson【選項】A.thejustificationofthenews-filteringpractice.B.people'spreferenceforsocialmediaplatforms.C.theadministrationsabilitytohandleinformation.D.socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews.答案[D]socialmediawasareliablesourceofnews解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干信息定位到文中第一段與第二段。文章第一段提到在美國超過2/3的年輕人反對總統(tǒng)特朗普使用推特。接著提到美國公民更希望從別的渠道獲得白宮的信息，而不是從總統(tǒng)的社交平臺。第二段第二句指出由于美國人越來越不信任媒體，他們可能想辦法提高自身的媒體文化素養(yǎng)。由此可見，很多美國年輕人懷疑社交媒體值不值得信任。因此D選項符合文意。27.【題干】Thephrase“beerup”(Line2,Para.2)isclosestinmeaningto【選項】AA.sharpenB.defineC.boastD.share答案[A]sharpen解析：猜詞題。根據題干定位到第二段第二句。上文提到大部分美國人依靠社交媒體來查看每日頭條。第二句緊接著指出“由于美國人越來越不信任媒體，他們開始beefup自身的媒體文化素養(yǎng)”。由此推測，美國人開始對媒體產生懷疑，所以是想辦法強化自身的知識來辨別媒體可不可靠。選項中只有A項有(強化，加強)的含義。故A項為正確答案。28.【題干】Accordingtotheknightfoundationsurvey,youngpeople【選項】A.tendtovoicetheiropinionsincyberspace.B.verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.C.havesstrongsenseofresponsibility.D.liketoexchangeviewson“distributedtrust”答案[B]verifynewsbyreferringtodiverseresources.解析：根據題目中的survey可以得出，本題目為細節(jié)題的研究結論型。題干中已知的關鍵詞theknightfoundationsurvey告訴我們本題在第三段第二句話的位置，原句指出“Aknightfoundationfocus-groupsurveyofyoungpeople...foundtheyusedistributedtrusttoverifystories.”，意思是他們使用distributedtrust來verifystories。而且下一句又詳細指出，theycross-checksourcesandprefernewsfromdifferentperspectives。結合選項可看出B選項verify與原文一致，news對應原文的stories，referringtodiverseresources即distributedtrust，B為正確答案。29.【題干】TheBarnasurveyfoundthatamaincauseforthefakenewsproblemis【選項】A.readersoutdatedvalues.B.journalists'biasedreportingC.readers'misinterpretationD.journalists'made-upstories.答案[C]readers’misinterpretation.解析：根據題目中的Barnasurvey得出，該題為細節(jié)題中的研究結論型題目。從題干中的關鍵提示信息TheBarnasurvey以及fakenews可得出，本題目定位到倒數第二段的位置。該段后半部分提到了Barnasurvey也提到了fakenews，可以定位到Aboutathird這一句，“Aboutathirdsaytheproblemoffakenewsliesinmisinterpretationorexaggerationofactualnewsviasocialmedia.”。題干中的amaincause剛好對應了liein，所以答案就是misinterpretation，對應選項得出C，readers’misinterpretation。30.【題干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【選項】A.ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnlineB.ACounteractionAgainsttheOver-tweetingTrendC.TheAccumulationofMutualTrustonSocialMedia.D.ThePlatformsforProjectionofPersonalInterests.答案[A]ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.解析：根據題目中的besttitle可以得出，本題目考查全文主旨。首先，我們可以通過題目中反復出現的信息看出文章與什么話題有關，題目出現了youngAmericans，并指出了doubts，fakenewsproblem等負向色彩，因此，整篇文章的傾向是負向的。下一步，文章主旨一般出現在文章的第一段和第二段開頭的位置，第一段是通過survey引出了文章要討論的話題，說出了news和source的話題，第二段第二句通過yet引出要討論的distrust等內容?？偨Y得出，文章講述的話題是newsonline，傾向態(tài)度是distrust在rise，對應選項就是A項，ARiseinCriticalSkillsforSharingNewsOnline.Text3Anyfair-mindedassessmentofthedangersofthedealbetweenBritain'sNationalHealthService(NHS)andDeepMindmuststartbyacknowledgingthatbothsidesmeanwell.DeepMindisoneoftheleadingartificialintelligence(AI)companiesintheworld.Thepotentialofthisworkappliedtohealthcareisverygreat,butitcouldalsoleadtofurtherconcentrationofpowerinthetechgiants.ItIsagainstthatbackgroundthattheinformationcommissioner,ElizabethDenham,hasissuedherdamningverdictagainsttheRoyalFreehospitaltrustundertheNHS,whichhandedovertoDeepMindtherecordsof1.6millionpatientsIn2015onthebasisofavagueagreementwhichtookfartoolittleaccountofthepatients'rightsandtheirexpectationsofprivacy.DeepMindhasalmostapologized.TheNHStrusthasmendeditsways.Furtherarrangements-andtheremaybemany-betweentheNHSandDeepMindwillbecarefullyscrutinisedtoensurethatallnecessarypermissionshavebeenaskedofpatientsandallunnecessarydatahasbeencleaned.Therearelessonsaboutinformedpatientconsenttolearn.Butprivacyisnottheonlyangleinthiscaseandnoteventhemostimportant.Ms.DenhamchosetoconcentratetheblameontheNHStrust,sinceunderexistinglawit“controlled”thedataandDeepMindmerely“processed"it.Butthisdistinctionmissesthepointthatitisprocessingandaggregation,notthemerepossessionofbits,thatgivesthedatavalue.Thegreatquestioniswhoshouldbenefitfromtheanalysisofallthedatathatourlivesnowgenerate.Privacylawbuildsontheconceptofdamagetoanindividualfromidentifiableknowledgeaboutthem.Thatmissesthewaythesurveillanceeconomyworks.Thedataofanindividualtheregainsitsvalueonlywhenitiscomparedwiththedataofcountlessmillionsmore.Theuseofprivacylawtocurbthetechgiantsinthisinstancefeelsslightlymaladapted.Thispracticedoesnotaddresstherealworry.ItisnotenoughtosaythatthealgorithmsDeepMinddevelopswillbenefitpatientsandsavelives.Whatmattersisthattheywillbelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources.Ifsoftwarepromisestosavelivesonthescalethatdugsnowcan,bigdatamaybeexpectedtobehaveasabigpharmhasdone.Wearestillatthebeginningofthisrevolutionandsmallchoicesnowmayturnouttohavegiganticconsequenceslater.Alongstrugglewillbeneededtoavoidafutureofdigitalfeudalism.Ms.Denham'sreportisawelcomestart.31.【題干】WhaistrueoftheagreementbetweentheNHSandDeepMind?【選項】A.Itcausedconflictsamongtechgiants.B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.C.Itfellshortofthelatter'sexpectationsD.Itputbothsidesintoadangeroussituation.31.答案B.Itfailedtopaydueattentiontopatient'srights.這是一道具體細節(jié)題，問的是關于NHS和DeepMind之間的協(xié)議哪一個是對的。根據題干關鍵詞具體定位置首段尾句，Elizabeth指控NHS旗下的一個醫(yī)院，這個醫(yī)院在2015年把160萬病人的信息交給了DeepMind公司，基于一個模糊的協(xié)議，這個協(xié)議基本沒有考慮到病人們的權利以及他們對于保護自己隱私的期望。由此可知NHS和DeepMind之間的協(xié)議沒有考慮到病人的權利，答案是B。A和D選項在文中并未提及，C選項有干擾，沒能滿足后者的期望，但是文中說的是沒有滿足病人們對保護隱私的期望，而不是沒能滿足DeepMind的期望，屬于偷換概念。32.【題干】TheNHStrustrespondedtoDenham'sverdictwith【選項】A.emptypromises.B.toughresistance.C.necessaryadjustments.D.sincereapologies.32.答案C.necessaryadjustments.這是一道具體細節(jié)題，問的是NHS面對對他的指控如何反應，根據關鍵詞定位至第二段第二句，NHS已經改正錯誤了，短語mendone’sway即改正錯誤，改變習慣的意思，接著下面就具體解釋做出了哪些安排，所以答案是C。33.【題干】TheauthorarguesinParagraph2that【選項】A.privacyprotectionmustbesecuredatallcosts.B.leakingpatients'dataisworsethansellingit.C.makingprofitsfrompatients'dataisillegal.D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit33.答案D.thevalueofdatacomesfromtheprocessingofit這是一道具體細節(jié)題，問作者在第二段闡述了什么觀點，沒有具體關鍵詞，所以要通讀第二段，然后和四個選項逐一比對，選出正確選項。A選項說要不惜一切代價保護隱私，B選項說泄露病人隱私比出售隱私更糟糕，C選項說利用病人信息獲利是違法的，這三個選項二段中并未提及。D選項來自二段尾句，這種差別忽略了一點，即他是在加工和整合信息，不僅僅是擁有，而這給了信息以價值。說明信息的價值來自與對信息的加工整合。所以答案是D。34.【題干】Accordingtothelastparagraph,therealworryarisingfromthisdealis【選項】A.theviciousrivalryamongbigpharmas.B.theineffectiveenforcementofprivacylaw.C.theuncontrolleduseofnewsoftware.D.themonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.34.答案Dthemonopolyofbigdatabytechgiants.這是一道具體細節(jié)題，題干問“在最后一段中，這種交易引發(fā)的真正擔憂是什么”回到原文末段，第三句話提到whatmatters重要的在于theybelongtoaprivatemonopolywhichdevelopedthemusingpublicresources，這句話提到了真正的問題，和題干匹配，所以正確答案就是對這句的同義替換，故選D。A選項制藥公司之間的惡性競爭來自定位句的下一句，但這句只提到制藥公司，并未說他們存在惡性競爭;B選項隱私法的無效實施來自末端首句，但本句只說到theuseofprivacylaw...feelsslightlymaladapted(不適應的)，說成是ineffective程度過深;C選項新軟件的不受控制的使用來自定位句下一句，是在if條件句里面所以也不可能成為真正的問題所在。35.【題干】Theauthor'sattitudetowardtheapplicationofAItohealthcareis【選項】A.ambiguous.B.cautious.C.appreciative.D.contemptuous.35答案Bcautious這是一道態(tài)度題，根據出題位置是最后一題以及定位詞theapplicationofAItohealthcare找到最后一段的相關的詞語digitalfeudalism數字化封建主義是我們需要去avoid避免的，所以作者態(tài)度應該是消極的，故選B。最后一句還說到MsDenham’sreportisawelcomestart.說明作者對于這種報道是積極的態(tài)度，而報道在第一段中提到是against反對NHS和DeepMind的交易的，所以可以看出來作者是比較擔心過度的人工智能化的。Text4TheU.S.PostalService(USPS)continuestobleedredink.Itreportedanetlossof$5.6billionforfiscal2016,the10thstraightyearitsexpenseshaveexceededrevenue.Meanwhile,ithasmorethan$120billioninunfundedliabilities,mostlyforemployeehealthandretirementcosts.Therearemanybankruptcies.Fundamentally,theUSPSisinahistoricsqueezebetweentechnologicalchangethathaspermanentlydecreaseddemandforitsbread-and-butterproduct,first-classmail,andaregulatorystructurethatdeniesmanagementtheflexibilitytoadjustitsoperationstothenewrealityAndinterestgroupsrangingfrompostalunionstogreeting-cardmakersexertself-interestedpressureontheUSPS’sultimateoverseer-Congress-insistingthatwhateverelsehappenstothePostalService,aspectsofthestatusquotheydependongetprotected.Thisiswhyrepeatedattemptsatreformlegislationhavefailedinrecentyears,leavingthePostalServiceunabletopayitsbillsexceptbydeferringvitalmodernization.Nowcomeswordthateveryoneinvolved---Democrats,Republicans,thePostalService,theunionsandthesystem'sheaviestusers—hasfinallyagreedonaplantofixthesystem.LegislationismovingthroughtheHousethatwouldsaveUSPSanestimated$28.6billionoverfiveyears,whichcouldhelppayfornewvehicles,amongothersurvivalmeasures.Mostofthemoneywouldcomefromapenny-per-letterpermanentrateincreaseandfromshiftingpostalretireesintoMedicare.Thelatterstepwouldlargelyoffsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare,thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunion.IfitclearstheHouse,thismeasurewouldstillhavetogetthroughtheSenate–wheresomeoneisboundtopointoutthatitamountstothebare,bareminimumnecessarytokeepthePostalServiceafloat,notcomprehensivereform.There’snochangetocollectivebargainingattheUSPS,amajoromissionconsideringthatpersonnelaccountsfor80percentoftheagency’scosts.AlsomissingisanydiscussionofeliminatingSaturdayletterdelivery.Thatcommon-sensechangeenjoyswidepublicsupportandwouldsavetheUSPS$2billionperyear.Butpostalspecial-interestgroupsseemtohavekilledit,atleastintheHouse.Theemergingconsensusaroundthebillisasignthatlegislatorsaregettingfrightenedaboutapoliticallyembarrassingshort-termcollapseattheUSPS.Itisnot,however,asignthatthey’regettingseriousabouttransformingthepostalsystemforthe21stcentury.36.【題干】ThefinancialproblemwiththeUSPSiscausedpartlyby_____.【選項】A.itsunbalancedbudget.B.itsrigidmanagement.C.thecostfortechnicalupgrading.D.thewithdrawalofbanksupport.36.答案[B]itsrigidmanagement解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干信息定位到文章第一段，注意問的是主要原因(partly)。第一段第四句提到“破產原因有很多”。接著第五句以一個長難句指出“從根本上來講，theUSPS處于歷史性的壓榨期，這里面就包括對于實用產品以及一類郵件需求量無限期減少而面臨的技術改革，管理結構方面沒能夠靈活地將自己的生產模式適用到現實生活中”。由此可見，主要原因在于管理方面。因此B項為正確答案。句中的Fundamentally與題干中的partly屬于同義替換。37.【題干】AccordingtoParagraph2,theUSPSfailstomodernizeitselfdueto_____.【選項】A.theinterferencefrominterestgroups.B.theinadequatefundingfromCongress.C.theshrinkingdemandforpostalservice.D.theincompetenceofpostalunions.37.答案[A]theinterferencefrominterestgroups解析：細節(jié)題。根據題干信息fail以及modernize定位到第二段最后一句。該句提到“這就是近些年來立法改革屢次失敗的原因”，正是題干問的問題。上文提到利益集團，從郵政聯盟，到賀卡制作公司，都對USPS施加壓力，強調無論發(fā)生什么，他們所依賴的現狀都要得到保護。因此，利益集團的干預是改革失敗的主要原因。故選A項。38.【題干】Thelong-standingcomplaintbytheUSPSanditsunionscanbeaddressedby_____.【選項】A.removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.B.makingmoreinvestmentinnewvehicles.C.adoptinganewrate-increasemechanism.D.attractingmorefirst-classmailusers.38.答案[A]removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare.解析：題目中出現了大寫USPS以及具體信息thelong-standingcomplaint等具體內容，可知本題目為具體細節(jié)題。我們需要根據題目中出現的關鍵詞complaint，USPS，union等定位，可以發(fā)現本題目是對本篇文章第三段最后的一部分，最后一句話提到了thusaddressingalong-standingcomplaintsbytheUSPSanditsunion，這是題目的原詞。所以，答案就是前面的thelatterstepwould...offsetthefinancialburdenofannuallypre-fundingretireehealthcare。另外，thelatterstep也指上一句中的shiftingpostalretireeintoMedicare。再對應選項，得出A項removingitsburdenofretireehealthcare。39.【題干】Inthelastparagraph,theauthorseemstoviewlegislatorswith_____.【選項】A.respect.B.tolerance.C.discontent.D.gratitude.39.答案[C]discontent.解析：題目中指出了theauthor對legislator的觀點和看法是什么，與態(tài)度題相關，態(tài)度題一定要通過文中的相關詞找到相應的傾向，判斷好或者壞，向上或者向下。根據題目中的關鍵信息legislator定位到最后一段倒數第二句話，該句在陳述完legislators的內容后，下一句緊跟著一個詞however，明確指出了作者的傾向，并且寫到itisnotasign...，結合前后句的內容，可以得出作者的傾向是明確的負向色彩。選項中表示負面色彩的只有C項discontent。40.【題干】Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?【選項】A.TheUSPSStartstoMissItsGoodOldDaysB.ThePostalService:KeepAwayfromMyCheeseC.TheUSPS:ChronicIllnessRequiresaQuickCureD.ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid40.答案[D]ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid.解析：該題目中的besttitle為典型的文章主旨題。首先，我們可以通過題目中反復出現的內容來確定文章與什么樣的主題相關，可以看出反復出現了USPS，也就是U.S.PostalService，并且反復出現了problem，failtodo，address等內容，是有關問題以及解決辦法之類的話題。再來看文章的首段和第二段內容，第一段就指出了U.S.PostalService在財務上的各種問題，并分析了三方面的原因，第二段就涉及到了很多的解決辦法，并分析這些attempt的影響等具體內容。所以可以得出，正確答案為[D]ThePostalServiceNeedsMorethanaBand-Aid。PartBDirections:Thefollowingparagraphsaregiveninawrongorder.ForQuestions41-45,youarerequiredtoreorganizetheseparagraphsintoacoherentarticlebychoosingfromthelistA-Gandfillingthemintothenumberedboxes.ParagraphsCandFhavebeencorrectlyplaced.MarkyouranswersonANSWERSHEET.(10points)[A].InDecemberof1869,CongressappointedacommissiontoselectasiteandprepareplansandcostestimatesforanewStateDepartmentBuilding.ThecommissionwasalsotoconsiderpossiblearrangementsfortheWarandNavyDepartments.TothehorrorofsomewhoexpectedaGreekRevivaltwinoftheTreasuryBuildingtobeerectedontheothersideoftheWhiteHouse,theelaborateFrenchSecondEmpirestyledesignbyAlfredMullettwasselected,andconstructionofabuildingtohouseallthreedepartmentsbeganinJuneof1871.[B].Completedin1875,theStateDepartment'ssouthwingwasthefirsttobeoccupied,withitselegantfour-storylibrary(completedin1876),DiplomaticReceptionRoom,andSecretary'sofficedecoratedwithcarvedwood,Orientalrugs,andstenciledwallpatterns.TheNavyDepartmentmovedintotheeastwingin1879,whereelaboratewallandceilingstencilingandmarquetryfloorsdecoratedtheofficeoftheSecretary.[C].TheState,War,andNavyBuilding,asitwasoriginallyknown,housedthethreeExecutiveBranchDepartmentsmostintimatelyassociatedwithformulatingandconductingthenation'sforeignpolicyinthelastquarterofthenineteenthcenturyandthefirstquarterofthetwentiethcentury-theperiodwhentheUnitedStatesemergedasaninternationalpower.Thebuildinghashousedsomeofthenation'smostsignificantdiplomatsandpoliticiansandhasbeenthesceneofmanyhistoricevents.[D].ManyofthemostcelebratednationalfigureshaveparticipatedinhistoricaleventsthathavetakenplacewithintheEEOB'sgranitewalls.TheodoreandFranklinD.Roosevelt,WilliamHowardTaft,DwightD.Eisenhower,LyndonB.Johnson,GeraldFord,andGeorgeH.W.Bushallhadofficesinthisbuildingbeforebecomingpresident.Ithashoused16SecretariesoftheNavy,21SecretariesofWar,and24SecretariesofState.WinstonChurchilloncewalkeditscorridorsandJapaneseemissariesmetherewithSecretaryofStateCordellHullafterthebombingofPearlHarbor.[E].TheEisenhowerExecutiveOfficeBuilding(EEOB)commandsauniquepositioninboththenationalhistoryandthearchitecturalheritageoftheUnitedStates.DesignedbySupervisingArchitectoftheTreasury,AlfredB.Mullett,itwasbuiltfrom1871to1888tohousethegrowingstaffsoftheState,War,andNavyDepartments,andisconsideredoneofthebestexamplesofFrenchSecondEmpirearchitectureinthecountry.[F].Constructiontook17yearsasthebuildingslowlyrosewingbywing.WhentheEEOBwasfinished,itwasthelargestofficebuildinginWashington,withnearly2milesofblackandwhitetiledcorridors.Almostalloftheinteriordetailisofcastironorplaster;theuseofwoodwasminimizedtoinsurefiresafety.Eightmonumentalcurvingstaircasesofgranitewithover4,000individuallycastbronzebalustersarecappedbyfourskylightdomesandtwostainedglassrotundas.[G].ThehistoryoftheEEOBbeganlongbeforeitsfoundationswerelaid.Thefirstexecutiveofficeswereconstructedbetween1799and1820.Aseriesoffires(includingthosesetbytheBritishin1814)andovercrowdedconditionsledtotheconstructionoftheexistingTreasuryBuilding.In1866,theconstructionoftheNorthWingoftheTreasuryBuildingnecessitatedthedemolitionoftheStateDepartmentbuilding.41.【答案】E【解析】很多選項中都出現了EEOB這個簡稱，那么就意味著這個專有名詞一定會先有交代它的全稱，再出現簡稱，這里只有D選項符合。42.【答案】G【解析】選項中有很多時間，所以這篇文章很可能有明顯的時間線，而G出現了關鍵詞ThehistoryoftheEEOB43.【答案】A【解析】InDecemberof1869，出現了早的時間，并且文章內容說國會選址開始建，符合邏輯44【答案】B【解析】F段中說到了建了17年，一邊接一邊修建，B中出現完成Completedin1875，符合邏輯45.【答案】D【解析】講完了建筑特色，再說很多名人在其中發(fā)生的歷史事件，符合邏輯PartCTranslationDirections:ReadthefollowingtextcarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsegmentsintoChinese.YourtranslationshouldbewrittenneatlyontheANSWERSHEET.(10points)46)BythedateofhisbirthEuropewaswitnessingthepassingofthereligiousdrama,andthecreationofnewformsundertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy.【解析】本句主干為Europewaswitnessingthepassingandthecreation。句首bythedateofhisbirth，考查代詞指代，回上文可知為：莎士比亞。undertheincentiveofclassicaltragedyandcomedy為定語，修飾thecreation?！緟⒖甲g文】莎士比亞出生之時，宗教戲劇在歐洲正逐漸消亡，而在經典悲劇和戲劇的激發(fā)下，這里正在形成各種新的戲劇形式。47)noboywhowenttoagrammarschoolcouldbeignorantthatthedramawasaformofliteraturewhichgaveglorytoGreeceandRomeandmightyetbringhonortoEngland.【解析】本句的主干為：noboycouldbeignorantthat...，意思為：沒有人會不了解...，可以翻譯成：人都了解...。whowenttoagrammarschool為定語從句，修飾noboy，可以前置翻譯為：去文法學校的人都了解....。之后為that引導的賓語從句，賓語從句的主干為thedramawasaformofliterature，之后為which引導的定語從句，修飾aformofliterature，定語從句中mightyetdo意思為：遲早會...，定語從句可采用后置的翻譯方法：它已經給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也可能會給英國帶來榮耀。【參考譯文】那些去文法學校的人都知道，戲劇是文學的一種形式，它已經給希臘和羅馬帶來了榮耀，也遲早會給英國帶來榮耀。48)Buttheprofessionalcompaniesprosperedintheirpermanenttheaters,anduniversitymenwithliteraryambitionswerequicktoturntothesetheatersasofferingameansoflivelihood.【解析】本句為并列句。前半句theprofessionalcompanies專業(yè)公司，在本文中指的是專業(yè)戲劇公司。permanent意為：永久的，固定的，theirpermanenttheaters可翻譯為：固定的劇院。前半句可翻譯為：但是，專業(yè)戲劇公司有了固定的劇院而繁榮發(fā)展起來。后半句withliteraryambitions修飾universitymen，可斷句翻譯為：有文學抱負的大學生迅速投身這些劇院，將其視為謀生的手段。【參考譯文】但是，專業(yè)戲劇公司在固定的劇院中繁榮發(fā)展起來，有文學抱負的大學生迅速投身這些劇院，并將其視為謀生的手段。49)Anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated,itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished,andatleastsomeofitsgreattraditionshadbeenbegun.【解析】本句為并列句，前半句主干為anativeliterarydramahadbeencreated，可翻譯為：一種當地的文學戲劇形式已經被創(chuàng)立，其中被動語態(tài)可以直接翻譯為：產生出來。itsalliancewiththepublicplayhousesestablished為獨立主格結構，意思為：它和公共劇院的聯盟關系被確立，可翻譯為：它與公共劇院建立了聯盟關系。后半句主干為：traditionshadbeenbegun，可翻譯為：最終這種戲劇的一些偉大傳統(tǒng)也開始出現。【參考譯文】一種當地的文學戲劇藝術已經產生了，它與公眾劇院也建立了聯盟關系，而最終這種戲劇的一些偉大傳統(tǒng)也開始出現。50)Torealizehowgreatwasthedramaticactivity,wemustrememberfurtherthathostsofplayshavebeenlost,andthatprobablythereisnoauthorofnotewhoseentireworkhassurvived.【解析】本句主干為wemustrememberthat...andthat...。句首不定式短語中torealize后為how引導的賓語從句，可以翻譯為：要想知道戲劇藝術的偉大之處。further為狀語，修飾remember，可翻譯為：還必須記住。hostsofplays翻譯為：大量的戲劇作品，其種plays應翻譯為“戲劇作品”。第二個that引導的賓語從句的主干為thereisnoauthor，之后ofnote意思為：重要的、引人注目的、著名的。之后為whose引導的定語從句，修飾authorofnote，定語從句可用融合法，翻譯為：沒有著名戲劇作者的完整作品保存下來?！緟⒖甲g文】要想知道戲劇藝術的偉大之處，我們還必須記住大量的戲劇作品已經丟失，而且或許我們也不會知道那些沒有完整作品保存下來的劇作家SectionIVWritingPartA51.Directions:Writeanemailtoallinternationalexpertsinyouruniversity,invitingthemtoattendagraduationceremony.Inthisletter,youshouldstatethetime,placeandotherinformationabouttheceremony.YoushouldwriteneatlyontheANWSERSHEET.Donotsignyouownnameattheendoftheletter,use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.(10points)范文：DearExpe