2017陜西中考非謂語動詞

中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)資料非謂語動詞專項(xiàng)一、非謂語動詞分類構(gòu)成：（to）+動詞原形動詞不定式非在句中的作用（除謂語動詞外的任何成分）謂構(gòu)成：V.-ing語動名詞動用法（主、賓、表、定）詞構(gòu)成：V.-ing/V.-ed（規(guī)則變化）分詞用法（表、補(bǔ)、定、狀）二、動名詞（一）、動名詞的構(gòu)成：動名詞一般由“動詞原形+ing”構(gòu)成（二）、動名詞的句法功能功能例句說明主語Eatingtoomuchisbadforyourhealth.謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。賓語Ilikeplayingbasketballverymuch.Stampsareusedforsendingletters.表示一般的習(xí)慣或抽象行為或經(jīng)常性的動作。表語Hishobbyiscollectingstamps.=Collectingstampsishishobby.多數(shù)情況下，動名詞作表語可轉(zhuǎn)化成作主語。定語Sheisinthereadingroom.Weshouldimproveourteachingmethods.只表明它所修飾的詞的用途、所屬關(guān)系等。置于所修飾詞之前。注意：英語中有一些詞后面常跟動名詞作賓語。我們可按下面的順口溜記憶這些詞。完成實(shí)踐值得忙（finish,practice,beworth,bebusy）繼續(xù)習(xí)慣別放棄（keepon,beusedto,giveup）考慮建議不禁想（consider,suggest,can'thelp,feellike）喜歡思念要介意（enjoy,miss,mind）喜歡做某事花費(fèi)…做某事忙于做…

忍不住做某事想要做某事完成做某事練習(xí)做某事建議做某事值得做某事謝謝某人做某推遲做某事

阻止某人做某事放棄做某事盼望做某事習(xí)慣于做某事相比做…，更喜歡做…實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練——選出正確選項(xiàng)并標(biāo)出在句中的做什么成分或用法1.Nooneenjoys_____at.A.laughing B.tolaugh C.beinglaughed D.tobelaughed2.Youmustdosomethingtopreventyourhouse__________.A.tobebrokenin B.frombeingbrokenin C.tobreakin D.frombreakingin3.—Whereismypassport?Iremember________ithere.—Youshouldn'thaveleftithere.Remember____________itwithyouallthetime.A.toput；totakeB.putting；takingC.putting；totakeD.toput；taking4.Hisroomneeds_______,sohemusthaveit_________.A.painting；paintedB.painted；paintingC.painting；paintingD.painted；painted5.Shedecidedtodevoteherself______theproblemofoldage.A.tostudy B.studying C.tostudying D.study三、動詞不定式動詞不定時的構(gòu)成:to+動詞原形，有時可以不用to，這里的to是不定式符號，本身無詞義，動詞不定式的否定形式是not+（to+）動詞原形。（一）動詞不定式的句法功能功能例句說明主語TospeakEnglishisnoteasyforus=ItisnoteasyforustospeakEnglish.講英語對我們來說不容易。作主語用的不定式，常常用it作形式主語，而把不定式放在后面。表語Myworkistocleantheroomeveryday.=Tocleantheroomeverydayismywork.我的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式作表語，可轉(zhuǎn)換作為主語。賓語—Helikestoplaybasketball.他喜歡打籃球。只能做某些動詞的賓語，一般不作介詞賓語賓補(bǔ)Mymothermademeplaythepianoallthetime.在make，let，see，hear，watch等使役、感官動詞后，不定式省略to。定語Haveyougotanythingtosay?Thereisnothingtoworryabout.不定式作定語，要放在所修飾詞的后面。狀語I'msorrytotroubleyou.（表原因）很抱歉，給你添麻煩了。IwenttothelibrarytostudyEnglish.（表目的）不定式作狀語，其邏輯主語要和句子的主語一致。不定式作主語動詞不定式作主語時，常用it作形式主語，而將真正的主語放在句末其結(jié)構(gòu)為：It+be+adj.（+for/ofsb.）+動詞不定式注意：在kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品質(zhì)的形容詞后，不用for而用of。如：It'sverykindofyoutohelpme.It'sverycleverofyoutodolikethat.不定式作賓語1）有些謂語動詞后只能用不定式作賓語，常見的這類詞是表示命令、打算或希望的，如：wouldlike,like,want,wish,hope,decide,plan,expect等。如：決定做某事想做某事計劃做某事未能做某事迫不及待做某事下決心做某事過去常常做某事

請求某人做某事邀請某人做某事期待某人做某事鼓勵某人做某事建議某人做某事允許某人做某事

提醒某人做某事2）在find,think后跟不定式作賓語時，常用it代替，而將真正的賓語放在后面。如：IfinditeasytoreadEnglisheveryday.3）常見的一些不帶to的動詞不定式Whynotdo...,Whydon'tyoudo...,hadbetter（not）do...,wouldratherdo,could/would/willyouplease（not）do...還有一些使役動詞和感官動詞也用不定式作賓補(bǔ)，這時不定式要省略to。這些動詞有：一感（feel）、二聽（hear,listento）、三讓（let,make,have）、四看（lookat,see,watch,notice）。但變被動語態(tài)時，必須加上to。如：Myfriendsweremadetoworkthewholenightbytheboss.老板讓我的朋友們工作了一整夜。不定式常和疑問詞what,which,when,where,how連用，相當(dāng)于一個賓語從句。如：Theteacheristellingthestudentswhattodo.老師正告訴學(xué)生們做什么。Hedidn'tknowwheretogo.他不知道去哪里。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練——選出正確選項(xiàng)并標(biāo)出在句中的做什么成分或用法1.I’mthirsty.Willyougetmesomething____?A.drinkB.todrinkC.eatD.eating2.It’sverykind____youto____me____theheavybag.A.for;tell;totakeB.of;thank;forC.to;speak;tohaveD.of;help;carry3.It’sbadforyoureyes____computergamesforalongtime.A.playsB.toplayC.playD.played4.DoyouoftenhearJohn____inhisroom?Yes.Listen!Nowwecanhearhim____inhisroom.A.sing;tosingB.singing;singingC.sing;singingD.tosing;singing5.Whynot____?A.lethimtogohomeB.tolethimgohomeC.lethimgohomeD.tolethimtogohome四、分詞

(一)分詞的構(gòu)成：現(xiàn)在分詞的基本形式由動詞+-ing構(gòu)成，過去分詞由動詞+-ed構(gòu)成。

(二)分詞的句法構(gòu)成:分詞在句中可作定語、狀語、表語和補(bǔ)語

Do

you

know

the

girl

standing

under

the

tree?

The

students

went

out

of

the

classroom,talking

and

laughing.

The

boy

is

too

frghtened

to

move.

Don’t

keep

us

waiting

for

a

long

time.

I

heard

him

singing

in

the

classroom.

注意：現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ),現(xiàn)在分詞與賓語構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系；過去分詞作賓補(bǔ),過去分詞與賓語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系。實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練1.Mrs.Brownwasmuchdisappointedtoseethewashingmachineshehadhad____wentwrongagain.A.itB.itrepairedC.repairedD.toberepaired2.Themanagersdiscussedtheplanthattheywouldliketosee______nextyear.A.carryoutB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout3.Theentertainmentbuilding___________willbecompletednextyear.A.beingbuiltB.builtC.bebuiltD.tobuild五、動詞不定式與動名詞作賓語的區(qū)別

1.forget

to

do

sth

forget

doing

sth

2.remember

to

do

sth

remember

doing

sth

3.mean

to

do

sth

mean

doing

sth

4.stop

to

do

sth

）

stop

doing

sth

5.try

to

do

sth

try

doing

sth

6.go

on

to

do

sth

go

on

doing

sth

7.used

to

do

sth

be

used

to

doing

sth

8.need

to

do

sthneed

doing

sth達(dá)標(biāo)測評一、完形填空Cloze4家境貧寒的MichaelHa“Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.”Perhapsnotmanystudentscanunderstandthis_1_than21-year-oldMichaelHa.Becauseofhisstoryofsuccess,he_2_anexampletomanyyoungpeople.MichaelHawasborninaverypoorfamily.HisparentsworkedinVietnambeforetheymovedtoBritainin1980.Theycouldn’tfindworkinBritain_3_theyspokelittleEnglish.Thewholefamilyhadtoliveonbenefits(救濟(jì)金)andtheylivedin_4_smallhouseinHackney,apoorareainEastLondon.GrowingupwasnoteasyforMichael,buthenevergaveup._5_theageof10,hesethisheartongoingtoCambridgeUniversity.Itwasnoteasy,either.Michaelstudiedataschool,whichusedto6_“theworstschoolinBritain”．However,youngMichaelmadeuphismindtotry_7_best,nomatterwhatkindofschoolhewasstudyingat.Thesmartboystudiedvery_8_anddidwellineverysubjectatschool.Oncehemadeabet(打賭)withhisfriend_9_furthermath.Asaresult,afterspendingjustfourmonthsteachinghimselffromatextbook,hegotanAinAS-levelfurthermath.NowMichaelisthestarmedicalstudentatSt.John’sCollege,Cambridgeandhasjustwonanawardforhisexcellentgrades.Hehopes10hewillbeaninspirationforotheryoungpeoplefromdisadvantagedbackgrounds.1.A.goodB.betterC.badD.worse2.A.becomeB.hasbecomeC.becameD.becomes3.A.becauseB.sinceC.whenD.though4.A.aB.anC.theD./5.A.AtB.InC.ByD.Through6.A.calledB.becalledC.callD.calling7.A.himB.heC.himselfD.his8.A.hardB.hardlyC.harderD.hardest9.A.tolearnB.learningC.learnedD.learns10.A.WhatB.whichC.thatD.howCloze5起伏不平的路有時也會幫助我們Inafarawayplace,therewasavillage.Thevillagewas_1_inpotatoesthananywhereelseinthecountry.Attheendofeverygrowingseason,_2_potatoesweredugoutoftheground,andreadiedformarket.Ineachhome,menandwomenwould_3_dividethepotatoesintothreegroups:large,mediumandsmall.Oneyear,therewasayoungman_4_receivedhisshareofthepotatoes.Astheothervillagers_5_,hewalkedaroundthevillagelaughingandtalking._6_villagersthoughthewaslazy,andtheyworriedthatthismanwouldneverget_7_potatoesreadyintime.Whenitwastimeforthevillagers_8_tomarket,theyweregreatlysurprisedtofindthattheman’spotatoes_9_perfectlyintothreegroups.Afteraskingthemanhowhedidit,theyunderstoodhewasnotlazy,butveryclever.Hehadputallhispotatoesinacartandpulleditalongthevillage’sroughdirtroad.Asthecartmovedupanddownovertheroad,thepotatoesmovedtoo.Thesmallerpotatoesmovedtothebottom,thelargerpotatoesrosetothetopandthemediumpotatoesrested_10_themiddle.Lifeislikethistoo.Theroughroadswetravelalongcanalsohelpus.1.A.richB.richerC.richestD.morerich2.A.thousandB.thousandsC.thousandofD.thousandsof3.A.busilyB.busyC.morebusilyD.busier4.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whose5.A.workB.wasworkingC.wereworkingD.works6.A.AB.AnC.TheD./7.A.heB.HimC.HimselfD.his8.A.goB.GoingC.togoD.went9.A.aredividedB.weredividedC.aredividingD.divided10.A.onB.inC.withD.by二、With,seat,surprise,like,other,try,quick,look,message,wait,Roast(燒烤)isveryfamousinBrazil.Customersjustsit,1forwaiterstosendthemallkindsofmeat.Ifyoulike,youtakeone;ifyoudon’t,thewaiterspassyou.Ifyoudon’tgiveany2ofstopping,theywillgoon.OnedaywhenIwasinBrazil,Iwenttoarestaurantto3theroast.AfterItookmy4thewaitergavemeasignwiththecolor“red”ononesideand“green”onthe5.Isaid“Thankyou”,thenthewaitersbegantoserveme.Myplatewasalreadyfull,butthewaitersstillkeptonservingmemore.IthoughtIhadtoeat6.Buttomy7,thewaitersstillkeptonservingmore.Thenawaiterfoundoutthereason.Hehelpedmeturnthesignover,8redoutside.WhenIfinished,Ifoundthewaiterdidn’ttakea9atme.Doyouknowwhy?It’sjust10thetrafficlightsinthestreet.Howwonderful!1.

___________2.

___________3.

___________4.

___________5___________.

6.

___________7.

___________8.

___________9.

___________10.___________三、補(bǔ)全對話（一）

A:Hello,mayIspeaktoDavid?

B:_________________________________________.(1)

A:Hi,David!ThisisLinTaospeaking.

B:Hi,LinTao.What’sup?

A:WhatareyougoingtodonextSunday?

B:_________________________________________.(2)Doyouhav