心形零件凹模的數(shù)控編程及仿真加工畢業(yè)論文設(shè)計(jì)

本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))題目心形零件凹模的數(shù)控編程及仿真加工 指導(dǎo)教師I湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))誠信聲明本人聲明：所呈交的本科畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))是本人在指導(dǎo)老師的指導(dǎo)IWiththedevelopmentofnumericalcontroltechnology,numericalcontrolexpansion.Itisimportanttosomeofthedevelopmentofindustrythatplaysamoreandmoreimportantrole.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,numericalcontroltechnologyisinthedevelopmentofupdates.Now,numcontroltechnologyarecalledcomputernumericalcontrapplicationofCAD/CAMisapNumericalcontroltechnologyishighlytechnicalwork,especiallyinthemolddomain.Practitionersrequiprogrammingknowledgeandskills.Tandmachining,comprehensiveknowledgeofprofessionalknowledge,comprehensivemobilepower,Udisk,displaytheseplasticmolddesignandproductaspectofprecisionplasticparts,precisionhasreachedIT6-IT7level,thegenerallevelofroughnesscanreacarealsocanbeuptoonemilliontimes.Intheproces I 1.1研究的背景 1 21.3論文結(jié)構(gòu) 2 32.1零件數(shù)控加工分析 32.1.1零件分析 32.1.2工藝分析 32.1.3工序安排 32.2心形凹模加工工序表 42.2.1加工參數(shù)設(shè)置 4 5 82.2.4凹槽側(cè)壁精加工 2.2.5生成的部分NC代碼(詳細(xì)代碼請(qǐng)見附錄A) 3.1零件加工圖樣分析 3.2機(jī)床的選擇 3.3夾具的選擇和零件的裝夾 3.4刀具的選擇 3.5工序和工件原點(diǎn)設(shè)置 3.6走刀路線 V3.8對(duì)刀及刀補(bǔ)值 3.10本章小結(jié) 11.1研究的背景化的象征，而且隨著數(shù)控技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展和應(yīng)用領(lǐng)域的擴(kuò)大，對(duì)國計(jì)民生的一些重要行業(yè)國防、汽車等的發(fā)展起著越來越重要的作用，這些行業(yè)裝備數(shù)字化已是現(xiàn)代發(fā)展的大趨勢，如：橋式三、五坐標(biāo)高速數(shù)控龍門銑床、龍門移動(dòng)式五座標(biāo)隨著數(shù)控系統(tǒng)核心處理器性能的進(jìn)步，目前高速加工中心進(jìn)給速度最高可達(dá)80m/min,空運(yùn)行速度可達(dá)100m/min左右。目前世界上許多汽車廠，包括我國的上海通用汽車公司，已經(jīng)采用以高速加工中美國CINCINNATI公司的HyperMach機(jī)床進(jìn)給速度最大達(dá)60m/min,快速為100m/min,加速度達(dá)2g,主軸轉(zhuǎn)速已達(dá)60000r/min。加工一薄壁飛機(jī)零件，只用30min,而同樣的零件在一般高速銑床加工需3小時(shí)，在普通銑床加工需8小時(shí)。由于機(jī)構(gòu)各組件分工的專業(yè)化，在專業(yè)主軸廠的開發(fā)下，主軸高速化日益普及。過去只用于汽車工業(yè)高速化的機(jī)種(每分鐘1.5萬轉(zhuǎn)以上的機(jī)種),現(xiàn)在隨著伺服控制技術(shù)和傳感器技術(shù)的進(jìn)步，在數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的控制下，機(jī)床可以執(zhí)行亞微米級(jí)的精確運(yùn)動(dòng)。在加工精度方面，近10年來，普通級(jí)數(shù)控機(jī)床的加工精由于計(jì)算機(jī)硬件的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化和模塊化，以及軟件模塊化，開放化技術(shù)的日益成熟，數(shù)控技術(shù)開始進(jìn)入開放化的階段。開放適應(yīng)性、擴(kuò)展性。美國、歐共體和日本等國紛紛實(shí)施戰(zhàn)略發(fā)展計(jì)劃，并進(jìn)行開放湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)2的研究和制定，世界3個(gè)最大的經(jīng)濟(jì)體在短期內(nèi)進(jìn)行了幾乎相同的科學(xué)計(jì)劃和技術(shù)規(guī)范的制定，預(yù)示了數(shù)控技術(shù)的一個(gè)新的變革時(shí)期的來臨。我國在2000年也開始進(jìn)行中國的ONC數(shù)控系統(tǒng)的規(guī)范框架的研究和制定。隨著產(chǎn)品外觀曲線的復(fù)雜化致使模具加工技術(shù)必須不斷升級(jí)，對(duì)數(shù)控系統(tǒng)提出了新的需求。機(jī)床五軸加工、六軸加工已日益普及，機(jī)床加工的復(fù)合化已是不可避免的發(fā)展趨勢。新日本工機(jī)的5面加工機(jī)床采用復(fù)合主軸頭，可實(shí)現(xiàn)4個(gè)垂直平面的加工和任意角度的加工，使得5面加工和5軸加工可在同一臺(tái)機(jī)床上實(shí)現(xiàn)，還可實(shí)現(xiàn)傾斜面和倒錐孔的加工。德國DMG公司展出DMUVoution系列加工中心，可在一次裝夾下5面加工和5軸聯(lián)動(dòng)加工，可由CNC系統(tǒng)控制或接或間接控制。1.2研究的意義1.3論文結(jié)構(gòu)32.1零件數(shù)控加工分析2.1.2工藝分析(1)工件安裝(2)加工坐標(biāo)系z)工件頂面2.1.3工序安排工步分為3個(gè)：平面精加工(粗加工后)、凹槽粗加工和凹槽側(cè)壁精加工。42.2心形凹模加工工序表表2.1刀具選擇轉(zhuǎn)速序號(hào)加工內(nèi)容加工方式刀具n進(jìn)給mm/min1平面粗加工面銑φ50平底刀2平面精加工面銑Φ50平底刀3凹槽粗加工平面銑4凹槽精加工平面銑平平面銑圖2.2工序2.2.1加工參數(shù)設(shè)置52.2.2平面加工(1)創(chuàng)建面銑操作圖2.3創(chuàng)建面銑操作(2)創(chuàng)建刀具圖2.4創(chuàng)建刀具6(3)選擇幾何體(4)設(shè)置操作參數(shù)選擇深度切削，安全深度100,參考高度100,工件表面-1.0。7圖2.7設(shè)置刀具參數(shù)圖2.8設(shè)置銑削方式參數(shù)82.2.3凹槽粗加工(1)創(chuàng)建平面銑操作。圖2.9創(chuàng)建平面銑操作(2)選擇部件圖2.10選擇部件9(3)選擇底面(4)設(shè)置操作對(duì)話框圖2.12設(shè)置進(jìn)刀模式參數(shù)圖2.13設(shè)置下刀模式參數(shù)圖2.14設(shè)置補(bǔ)正參數(shù)間距設(shè)置為5,使用電腦補(bǔ)正方式。(5)生成刀路圖2.15生成刀路(6)刀路確認(rèn)圖2.16刀路確認(rèn)2.2.4凹槽側(cè)壁精加工(1)設(shè)置操作對(duì)話框圖2.17設(shè)置刀具參數(shù)圖2.19設(shè)置下刀模式參數(shù)圖2.20設(shè)置補(bǔ)正參數(shù)間距為5,電腦補(bǔ)正方式。(2)生成的刀路圖2.21生成的刀路2.2.5生成的部分NC代碼(詳細(xì)代碼請(qǐng)見附錄A)N110Z10.N112G1Z-.8F50.N114X-19.997Y80.F200.N116X20.002N118X-80.Y-20.002N120Y-60.001N124X80.Y60.001N126X-60.001Y-80.N128X-20.002N130X80.Y20.002N132Y-19.997N136G0Z100.N140X-80.Y49.998N142Z10.N146X80.F100.N150G1X-80.N158G1X-80.N162G1X80.N166G1X-80.N170M5N176M01N182G43H2Z100.N184Z10.N186G1Z-2.96F50.N188G2X-3.6Y-.959I0.J3.6N190X0.Y2.641I3.6J0.N192X3.6Y-.959I0.J-3.6N194X0.Y-4.559I-3.6J0.N196G1X-.126Y-4.585圖3.1零件加工圖樣3.2機(jī)床的選擇生產(chǎn)制造出來的7。圖3.2選擇機(jī)床3.3夾具的選擇和零件的裝夾圖3.3夾具參數(shù)設(shè)置3.4.2數(shù)控銑加工刀具的選擇原則加工零件時(shí)用到的銑削刀具如表3-1所示，其硬度均為HBS為215~315。表3.1銑削刀具的選擇刀號(hào)材料直徑刀具類型長度用途12高速鋼高速鋼平底刀平底刀端面粗-精加工挖槽粗-精加工圖3.4選擇刀具3.5工序和工件原點(diǎn)設(shè)置3.5.1工序劃分的原則加工工序分散指將加工分散在較多的加工工序內(nèi)進(jìn)行，每一道工序加工的內(nèi)容很3.5.2型芯的工序(1)端面粗-精加工凹模端面是合模接觸時(shí)最重要的部分，應(yīng)進(jìn)行粗加工，采用面刀具性能以及精加工要求選擇主軸轉(zhuǎn)速1000r/min,進(jìn)給量100mm/min。(2)凹槽側(cè)壁粗-精加工。根據(jù)型腔零件的側(cè)壁來分析，側(cè)面加工使用挖槽的方式進(jìn)行精加工。側(cè)面精加工采用φ12刀角半徑12mm的圓角刀，刀具材料為高速鋼，硬度為225~325HBS。根據(jù)刀具性能和精加工要求選擇主軸轉(zhuǎn)速1200r/min,進(jìn)給量(3)各工步的工藝參數(shù)。表3.2型芯加工工步號(hào)加工內(nèi)容加工方式刀具直徑轉(zhuǎn)速進(jìn)給速度1端面粗-精加工面銑加工φ50平底刀2挖槽粗-精加工平行銑削φ12平底刀3.5.3加工原點(diǎn)設(shè)置機(jī)床上一個(gè)不動(dòng)或者確定的點(diǎn)一般是工件在機(jī)床上安放時(shí)的一個(gè)很重要的參考加湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)3.6走刀路線3.7切削用量的確定數(shù)控銑削時(shí)的切削用量包括切削速度U、背吃刀量ap、進(jìn)給量f。切削用量的選擇原則是開始選用合理銑削用量對(duì)提高數(shù)控銑床的加工精度是最重床剛度允許的情況下，選擇盡量大的背吃刀量ap;第二選擇較大的進(jìn)給量f;第三根據(jù)刀量，盡量提高切削速度。主軸轉(zhuǎn)速S(r/min)可根據(jù)切削速度u(mm/min)由公式S=u1000/πD(D為工件或刀/具直徑mm)計(jì)算得出7。銑削加工的切削速度Vc可查表3.3選取，湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)表3.3切削速度Vc工件材料硬度高速鋼銑刀硬質(zhì)合金銑刀碳鋼易切材料表3.4銑刀每齒進(jìn)給量工件材料每齒進(jìn)給量fz(mm/齒)鑄鐵粗銑高速鋼銑刀硬質(zhì)合金銑刀高速鋼銑刀精銑硬質(zhì)合金銑刀0.10~0.153.8對(duì)刀及刀補(bǔ)值表3.5刀補(bǔ)值，長度補(bǔ)償、半徑補(bǔ)償?shù)毒呙Q刀補(bǔ)號(hào)長度補(bǔ)償(mm)半徑補(bǔ)償(mm)是否基準(zhǔn)刀平底刀15否圓角刀205是3.9機(jī)床模擬加工圖3.6零件上表面粗銑湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)圖3.7零件上表面精銑圖3.8換刀圖3.9心形凹槽粗銑圖3.10心形凹槽精銑湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)圖3.11加工完成3.10本章小結(jié)在本章中，第一根據(jù)加工零件的外形確定其加工的種類和類型，確定最好的加工方總結(jié)到了21世紀(jì)，在經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的新形勢下，隨著資本、技術(shù)和勞動(dòng)力市場的重新整要考慮：(1)塑料制件的批量以及交貨的周期。(2)質(zhì)量控制要求。(3)成型的塑料品種和塑件的形狀及尺寸。(4)塑料制件的成本。(5)型腔的布局。這次設(shè)計(jì)選用為一模[5]成大仙.機(jī)械設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè)(第5版)[M].[6]孟少龍.機(jī)械加工工藝手冊(cè)[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1992[7]許祥泰.數(shù)控加工編程實(shí)用技術(shù)[M].北京：機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，2004[8]李斌.數(shù)控加工技術(shù)[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2001[9]王先逵.機(jī)械制造工藝[M].北京；機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社，1995[10]余英良.數(shù)控加工編程及操作[M].北京：高等教育出版社，2004湖南涉外經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院本科生畢業(yè)論文(設(shè)計(jì))附錄A數(shù)控仿形加工生成的NC代碼N106G0G90G54X-8N110Z10.N112G1Z-.8F50.N114X-19.997Y80.F200.N116X20.002N118X-80.Y-20.002N120Y-60.001N122X60.001Y80.N124X80.Y60.001N126X-60.001Y-80.N128X-20.002N1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