江蘇專(zhuān)用03-2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷（解析版）

2024年高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)測(cè)試卷江蘇專(zhuān)用03本卷滿分150分，考試時(shí)間120分鐘。留意事項(xiàng)：1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)填寫(xiě)在答題卡上。2.回答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦潔凈后，再選涂其他答案標(biāo)號(hào)。回答非選擇題時(shí)，將答案寫(xiě)在答題卡上，寫(xiě)在本試卷上無(wú)效。3.考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）(2022屆江蘇省七市（南通、泰州、揚(yáng)州、徐州、淮安、連云港、宿遷）高考二模)第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whenwilltheflowerscomeoutprobably?A.InFebruary. B.InMarch. C.InMay.【答案】C【原文】M:IthoughttheflowersofthisplantshouldcomeoutatthistimeinMarch.W:No.Toseetheflowers,youstillneedtowaittwomonths.2.Whatistheweatherlikeprobably?A.Sunny. B.Cloudy. C.Rainy.【答案】B【原文】M:Niceweather!W:Really?Withallthedarkcloudsblockingthesunandtheexpectedheavyrainonitsway?M:Yeah.Whataperfectsettingforadetectivestory!3.Whydoesthemanrefusetobuyanewcellphonenow?A.He’swaitingforthelatestiPhone.B.Helikeshisoldoneverymuch.C.Heisshortofmoney.【答案】A【原文】W:Soyou’vegotapayrise.Congratulations!Whydon’tyougetyourselfanewcellphonetocelebrate?M:Notnow.I’mjustwaitingforthenewestiPhone.It’scomingsooninSeptember.4.Howwillthespeakersgotothecinema?A.Bytaxi. B.Bybus. C.Byunderground.【答案】C【原文】M:Idon’twanttotakeacrowdedbustothecinema.Let’stakeataxi.W:Ihavenoproblemwiththatifyoupayforit.M:Uh,Ithinksubwayisevenbetter.Don’tyouthink?W:Okay.5.Whattimeisitnow?A.8:45. B.9:00. C.9:15.【答案】C【原文】W:Excuseme,Sir.HowmanyminutesdoIstillhavebefore9:00?Mytrainleavesatthattime.M:You’realreadyaquarterlate.Sorry,Madam.其次節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。6.Whatwillthegirleattonightprobably?A.Beef. B.Bread. C.Tomato.7.Howdoesthemanfeelaboutthegirl?A.Worried. B.Proud. C.Annoyed.【答案】6.B7.A【原文】W:Dad,I’moutforthemarathontraining.TellmomI’llskipsupper.M:Butwhatwillyoueat?Yourmomsaidshe’llcookyourfavoritebeefwithtomatotonight.W:Don’tbother.I’vetakensomebread.See?M:Oh,honey,youhaveaheavyclassload,andyou’vebeenholdingdownapart-timejob.Ithinkyouhavepushedyourselftoohard.Youreallyneedtotakeabreaksometimes.W:I’mfine,Dad.Ifeelfullycapableofhandlingallthese.Besides,I’mhappy.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。8.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Workmates. B.Classmates. C.Shopassistantandcustomer.9.Whydoesthemanlookdifferent?A.Hehaslostsomeweight. B.He’swearinganewcoat. C.He’swearingglasses.【答案】8.A9.C【原文】W:Charlie,youlookdifferent.Didyoulosesomeweight?M:Myweighthasn’tchangedforatleasttenyears.W:Thenitmustbethenewcoatyou’rewearing.It’sareallynicecoat.M:Uh,Iworethiscoatlastwinter,andthewinteroftheyearbeforelast.Dowereallyworkinthesameofficeforthelastfiveyears,Jenny?W:Sorry,Charlie.YouknowI’mnotthatobservantsometimes,but…Oh,Iknowit!You’rewearingglassesnow!Howdidyoubecomenearsighted?M:I’mnot.I’mjustwearingitinadecorativeway.NowIlookknowledgeable,don’tI?聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。10.Whatcanweknowfromtheconversation?A.Thewomangotherideasfromacookbook.B.Themanisprobablyaregularcustomer.C.Themanhasneverbeentotheshopbefore.11.Whatdessertsdoesthemanchoosetobuy?ALemonpieandstrawberrycake.B.Strawberrycakeandgreenteacupcake.C.Greenteacupcakeandlemonpie.12.Howmuchshouldthemanpayintotal?A.$3. B.$4. C.$7.【答案】10.B11.C12.C【原文】M:Niceday,Kate.Itseemsyou’veinventedsomenewdesserts.W:Hi,Mr.Fry.Yeah.Somecreativeideasjustpoppedupinmymind,soIdecidedtoputthemintopractice.M:Goodforyou.So,anyrecommendations?W:Sure.Youmightwanttotrythislemonpie.I’veaddedsomethingspicyinit.Ithasalovelystrongflavor.Thestrawberrycakeisworthtrying,too.M:Soundsnice.Howaboutthislittlegreenone?W:Oh,that’sthegreenteacupcake.Ittastesrefreshing.M:Okay.Iwantthelemonpieandthisgreenteacupcake.HowmuchshouldIpay?W:Thepiecosts4dollarsandthecupcake3dollars.M:Okay.Here’sthemoney.聽(tīng)下面一段較長(zhǎng)對(duì)話，回答以下小題。13.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inanoffice. B.Inashop. C.Inanapartment.14.Whatdidthemandoinhislastjob?A.Acarsalesman. B.Aclothingdesigner. C.AnEnglishteacher.15.Howdoesthemanlearnthingsabouthisnewcareer?A.ThroughtheInternet. B.Fromhisfriend. C.Fromcollegebooks.16.What’stheman’sadvicetothewomanintheend?A.Decidingwhatshelikestodo.B.Findinginformationaboutwriting.C.Beingconfidentaboutherself.【答案】13.B14.A15.B16.C【原文】W:Hi,Frank.Ididn’texpecttoseeyouhere.Areyoubuyingsomenewfurnitureforyourapartment?M:No,Chloe.MyfriendandIarestartingourownbusiness.We’vebeenbusydecoratingourofficerecently.I’mheretolookforsomeofficetablesandchairs.W:Startingyourownbusiness?M:Yeah.Wedesignclothingforourcustomers.W:Soyouquityourjob,didn’tyou?M:Yeah.Ijustcouldn’timaginemyselfsellingcarsforever.W:Doyouknowanythingaboutclothingdesign?IrememberyoumajoredinEnglishLiteraturebackincollege.M:Well,myfriendhasbeeninthatfieldforoveradecadeandheiswillingtoteachmeeverything.W:Sobraveofyou.I’vewantedtowriteabookforalongtimesincemykidwenttocollege.IevenlookedforinformationabouthowtowriteontheInternet.ButIjustdon’tknowifI’mcapable...M:Havealittlefaithinyourself,Chloe.Wherethere’sawill,there’saway.聽(tīng)下面一段獨(dú)白，回答以下小題。17.WhereisLochNess?A.InScotland. B.InEngland. C.InNorthernIreland.18.What’sthemostwell-knowntheoryaboutNessie?A.It’sasurviveddinosaur.B.It’sageneticallyalteredmonster.C.It’sanundiscoveredlargefish.19.WhatdoestheprofessorthinkofNessie’sstories?A.It’sveryconvincing. B.It’snottrue. C.Itneedsmoreproof.20.Whatdoesthespeakermainlytalkabout?A.ScientiststryingtouncovertheNessiemystery.B.HowthestoriesofNessiecomingintobeing.C.Aprofessor’snewdiscoveriesaboutNessie.【答案】17.A18.A19.B20.A【原文】W:Forhundredsofyears,visitorstoLochNess,thefamouslakeinScotland,havedescribedseeingamonster-likecreaturethatsomepeoplebelievelivesdeepinthelake.Theycallit“Nessie”.AmongthemanytheoriesaboutNessie,themostwell-knownoneisthatNessieisalong-neckeddinosaurthatsomehowsurvivedafterotherdinosaursdiedout.Someotherpeoplebelievethatthecreatureisactuallyanextremelylargefish.NowthemysteryofNessiemayhavenoplacetohide.ANewZealandprofessorisleadinghisinternationalteamtothelakenextmonth.Theyplantotakesomeofthewaterandstudygeneticmaterialfromthelaketoseewhatspecieslivethere.The51-year-oldprofessorsayshedoesnotbelievethestoriesaboutNessieatall,buthewantstotakepeopleonaninterestingtripandcommunicatesomesciencetothemalongtheway.Theprofessorsaidthatwhencreaturesmoveinwater,theyleavesmallpiecesoftheirDNAbehind.Heandhisteamwilltakewaterfromdifferentpointsaroundthelakeandatdifferentdepths.Afterremovingtheimpurematerialfromthewater,theywillcomparetheacquiredDNAwithallknownspecies.Hesaidtheyshouldhaveanswersbytheendoftheyear.其次部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。A(2022-2023學(xué)年江蘇省南京市高三下學(xué)期1月六校聯(lián)合調(diào)研測(cè)試)BrandingeventsofChinaDailySinceitslaunchin1981,ChinaDailyhasgrowntobecomethenation’sleadingEnglish-languagenewspaper.Withacombinedprint,onlineandmobilereadershipofmorethan350million,itservesavitalroleintellingtheworldaboutChina,providingvaluableinsightintotheworld’ssecond-largesteconomy.AseriesofbrandingeventsareconductedbyChinaDailytoimprovepublicdiplomacy(外交)andinternationalcommunication.VisionChinaLecturesAseriesoftalksareorganizedbyChinaDailyinwhichleadingpoliticalandbusinessfiguresareinvitedtospeakandinteractlivewithdomesticandforeignaudiences.TheVisionChinalecturesfocusonmajorissuesfacingChinaandtheworld,explorewhatChina’sstorymeansfortheworld,andhowChinesewisdomcanhelptheworld.ChinaWatchThinkTankForumElites,includingopinionleaders,politiciansandbusinesspersonswithexpertise(專(zhuān)業(yè)學(xué)問(wèn))onChina,discusstopicsondevelopmentsandthefutureofChinaandtheworldinChinaWatchThinkTankForum.AsiaLeadershipRoundtableTheChinaDailyAsiaLeadershipRoundtableprovidesaplatformforhigh-leveldialogueandcommunicationamongleadersandsocialelitesinthefieldsofpolitics,businessandacademiainAsia.“21stCenturyCup”NationalEnglishSpeakingCompetitionThecompetitionisthemostfamousEnglish-speakingcompetitioninChina.ItisthequalifyingroundforstudentswhowishtorepresentChinaintheInternationalPublicSpeakingCompetitioninLondon.TESOLChinaAssemblyOrganizedbyChinaDailyinpartnershipwithTESOLInternationalAssociation(TeachersofEnglishtoSpeakersofOtherLanguages),theTESOLChinaAssemblyisahigh-levelinternationalEnglishLanguageTeaching(ELT)eventinChina.Itaimstopromotescholarshipandcross-culturalunderstandingamongEnglisheducatorsinChina,andtoenhancedialoguebetweenChina’sELTprofessionalswiththeirpeersworldwide.Formoredetails,clickhere.21.What’sthemainpurposeofChinaDaily?A.Toholdvariousbrandingevents.B.Topromoteinterpersonalcommunication.C.Tocombineprint,onlineandmobilereadership.D.TohelppeoplearoundtheglobeknowChinabetter.22.WhatdoVisionChinaLecturesandAsiaLeadershipRoundtablehaveincommon?A.Theyinvolvepoliticiansandbusinesspersons.B.TheyfocusonmajorissuesfacingChinaandtheworld.C.Theyprovideaplatformforpublicdialogueandcommunication.D.TheydiscusstopicsondevelopmentsandthefutureofChinaandtheworld.23.Whereisthetextprobablyfrom?A.Anewspaper. B.Atextbook.C.Awebsite. D.Amagazine.【答案】21.D22.A23.C【解析】這是一篇應(yīng)用文。主要介紹了ChinaDaily舉辦了一系列品牌活動(dòng)，以改善公共外交以及國(guó)際溝通。21細(xì)節(jié)理解題。文章第一段講到“Withacombinedprint,onlineandmobilereadershipofmorethan350million,itservesavitalroleintellingtheworldaboutChina,providingvaluableinsightintotheworld’ssecond-largesteconomy.(它擁有超過(guò)3.5億的印刷、在線和移動(dòng)讀者，在向世界介紹中國(guó)方面發(fā)揮著至關(guān)重要的作用，為世界其次大經(jīng)濟(jì)體供應(yīng)了貴重的見(jiàn)解。)”可知ChinaDaily的主要目的是掛念全球人民更好地了解中國(guó)。故選D。22推理推斷題。文章VisionChinaLectures部分講到“AseriesoftalksareorganizedbyChinaDailyinwhichleadingpoliticalandbusinessfiguresareinvitedtospeakandinteractlivewithdomesticandforeignaudiences.(ChinaDaily組織了一系列講座，邀請(qǐng)主要政治和商業(yè)人物與國(guó)內(nèi)外觀眾進(jìn)行現(xiàn)場(chǎng)演講和互動(dòng))”以及文章AsiaLeadershipRoundtable部分講到“TheChinaDailyAsiaLeadershipRoundtableprovidesaplatformforhigh-leveldialogueandcommunicationamongleadersandsocialelitesinthefieldsofpolitics,businessandacademiainAsia.(ChinaDaily亞洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人圓桌會(huì)議為亞洲政治、商業(yè)和學(xué)術(shù)領(lǐng)域的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和社會(huì)精英供應(yīng)了一個(gè)高層對(duì)話和溝通的平臺(tái)。)”可推知，視覺(jué)中國(guó)講座和亞洲領(lǐng)導(dǎo)力圓桌會(huì)議的共同點(diǎn)是他們都包括政治家和商人。故選A。23推理推斷題。文章最終一句講到“Formoredetails,clickhere(有關(guān)具體信息，請(qǐng)單擊此處)”可知文章可能來(lái)自一個(gè)網(wǎng)站。故選C。B(2022屆江蘇省七市（南通、泰州、揚(yáng)州、徐州、淮安、連云港、宿遷）高考二模)Itwasanearlyblowtomyself-confidence.Iwasattendingmyfirstgroupmeetinginthelabasapostdoc,andIwaspleasedthatIcouldfollowmostofthediscussion.Then,infrontofeveryone,theprofessorturnedtomeandaskedaboutmypreviousaccomplishments.Ifroze.AsaPhDstudent,Ihadachievedlotstobeproudof.ButallofthosewereinmyhomecountryofBrazil.NowIwasinWashington,DCandIdidn’tknowwhattheword“accomplishment”meant.SoallIcouldsaywas“Idon’tknow”.IhaddecidedtodoapostdocabroadbecauseIthoughtthetrainingwouldhelpmesecureateachingposition.IappliedforandreceivedaBraziliangovernmentfellowshiptospend18monthsworkingabroadandgotapositioninalab.Itallseemedsoeasy—untilIactuallystarted.Inanewcountry,Istruggled.Afterthemortifyinglabmeetingincident,myconfidencetookanotherhit.ThepaperIintendedtopublishdidnotmaterialize.Iusedtobeinvitedtogivetalks.Now,Iwasaskedtospeakmoreslowlybecauseofmyaccent.Myconfidencewasdestroyed.Aftermonthsofself-doubt,IremindedmyselfthatIhadpotential.Ineededtodosomethingtoregainmyconfidence.IthoughtachangeofenvironmentmightbewhatIneeded.SoImadethemove.Inanothernewlab,Istillfeltinsecure.However,IwasdeterminedtomakethemostofthetimeIhad.Thereweremoreopportunitiestointeractwithothers,whichforcedmetotalkmore.Itwasawfulatfirst,butwithpracticeIbegantofeelmoreconfidentinmyEnglish.Iproposednewprojects.Ibegantoreceivepositivefeedbackonmypresentations.Myconfidenceisback.IfeelalittlelikeWonderWoman.Shewasastrongsoldierinherhomeland.Whensheleft,sheexperiencedobstaclesandfailuresonlytobecomeevenstrongerthanbefore.24.Whatwastheauthor’sreactionwhenaskedaboutherpreviousachievements?A.Shefeltinsecure. B.Shekeptsilent.C.Shewasataloss. D.Shefeltproud.25.Whydidtheauthorgoabroad?A.Toapplyforgovernmentfellowship. B.Togetadoctor’sdegree.C.Tobuildherownlab. D.Togainexperienceforaposition.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“it”inparagraph1referto?A.Ididn’tgiveaproperresponseinalabmeeting.B.ThepaperIintendedtopublishdidnotmaterialize.C.Iwasaskedtospeakmoreslowlybecauseofmyaccent.D.IremindedmyselfthatIhadpotential.27.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Alabmeetingincident B.IfoundmyinsideWonderWomanC.Brazilians’confidenceimproved D.PoorEnglishruinedopportunity【答案】24.C25.D26.A27.B【解析】本文是記敘文。文章主要敘述了作者在國(guó)外的經(jīng)受，這些經(jīng)受和磨難讓作者變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和自信。24細(xì)節(jié)理解題。結(jié)合上文以及依據(jù)第一段“NowIwasinWashington,DCandIdidn’tknowwhattheword“accomplishment”meant.SoallIcouldsaywas“Idon’tknow”.(現(xiàn)在我在華盛頓，我不知道“accomplishment(成就)”這個(gè)詞是什么意思)”可知，作者在巴西取得了很多值得傲慢的成就，但是現(xiàn)在她在華盛頓，被問(wèn)到以前的成就時(shí)，她不知道“accomplishment(成就)”這個(gè)詞的意思，可見(jiàn)她是不知所措的。因此，當(dāng)被問(wèn)及她以前的成就時(shí)，作者的反應(yīng)是C項(xiàng)“Shewasataloss.(她不知所措)”符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。25細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段第一句“IhaddecidedtodoapostdocabroadbecauseIthoughtthetrainingwouldhelpmesecureateachingposition.(我打算去國(guó)外做一名博士后，由于我認(rèn)為這種培訓(xùn)會(huì)掛念我獲得一個(gè)教學(xué)職位。)”可知，作者打算去國(guó)外做一名博士后，認(rèn)為這種培訓(xùn)很有價(jià)值，能夠讓她獲得閱歷，掛念她獲得一個(gè)教學(xué)職位。因此，作者出國(guó)的緣由是D項(xiàng)“Togainexperienceforaposition.(為一個(gè)職位獲得閱歷)”符合題意，故選D項(xiàng)。26詞義猜想題。依據(jù)第一段“Iwasattendingmyfirstgroupmeetinginthelabasapostdoc,andIwaspleasedthatIcouldfollowmostofthediscussion.Then,infrontofeveryone,theprofessorturnedtomeandaskedaboutmypreviousaccomplishments.Ifroze.(我作為博士后參與了我在試驗(yàn)室的第一次小組會(huì)議，我很興奮能跟上大部分爭(zhēng)辯。然后，在大家面前，教授轉(zhuǎn)向我，問(wèn)我以前的成就。我愣住了)”可知，作者作為博士后參與了試驗(yàn)室的第一次小組會(huì)議，問(wèn)她以前的成就，她愣住了，沒(méi)有給出合適的回答。這件事讓她的自信念受到了打擊。因此，第1段中帶下劃線的“it”是指的是A項(xiàng)“Ididn’tgiveaproperresponseinalabmeeting.(我在試驗(yàn)室會(huì)議上沒(méi)有給出正確的回答)”符合題意，故選A項(xiàng)。27主旨大意題。通讀全文，尤其是依據(jù)最終一段“Myconfidenceisback.IfeelalittlelikeWonderWoman.(我的信念恢復(fù)了。我覺(jué)得有點(diǎn)像奇特女俠)”可知，經(jīng)過(guò)一番打擊以后，作者并沒(méi)有灰心，而是堅(jiān)決實(shí)行行動(dòng)，樂(lè)觀與她人互動(dòng)，經(jīng)過(guò)不斷的練習(xí)，她的自信念恢復(fù)了，那些經(jīng)受和磨難讓作者變得更加堅(jiān)強(qiáng)和自信，感覺(jué)自己像一個(gè)奇特的女俠。因此，文本的最佳標(biāo)題是B項(xiàng)“IfoundmyinsideWonderWoman(我找到了我內(nèi)心的奇特女俠)”符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。C(2023屆江蘇南京師范高校附屬中學(xué)高三一模)OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.The57-year-oldMarylandresidenthadbeenhospitalizedformonthsduetoalifethreateningdisease.Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.Bennett’sconditionlefthimunresponsivetotreatmentandineligible(不合格)forthetransplantlistoranartificialheartpump.Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother-alsorisky-option:transplant(移植)aheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.“Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant,”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.“Iwanttolive.Iknowit’sashotinthedark,butit’salsomylastchoice.”Ittookthemedicalteameighthourstofinishtheoperation,makingBennettthefirsthumantosuccessfullyreceiveapig’sheart.“It’sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon’tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore,”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.Whileit’sonlybeenfivedayssincetheoperation,thesurgeonssaythatBennett’snewpigheartwas,sofar,functioningasexpectedandhisbodywasn’trejecting(排斥)theorgan.Theyarestillmonitoringhisconditionclosely.“Ithinkit’sextremelyexciting,”saysRobertMontgomery,transplantsurgeonanddirectoroftheNYULangoneTransplantInstitute,whowasnotinvolvedinBennett’soperation.TheresultoftheprocedurewasalsopersonallymeaningfulforMontgomery,whoreceivedahearttransplantin2018duetoageneticdiseasethatmayalsoaffectmembersofhisfamilyinthefuture.“It’sstillintheearlydays,butstilltheheartseemstobefunctioning.Andthatinandofitselfisanextraordinarything.Uptonowmostexperimentalhearttransplantprocedureshavebeendonebetweenpigsandotheranimals.Thisisthefirsttimethatsurgeonshavetakenitintoalivinghuman.”28.Whatdothewords“ashotinthedark”underlinedinParagraph3mean?A.Somethingthatcostsafortune. B.Somethingimpossibletosucceed.C.Somethingdrawingpublicattention. D.Somethingwithanuncertainoutcome.29.WhatisBarkleyGriffith’sattitudetoBennett’spost-operationcondition?A.Negative. B.Cautious.C.Optimistic. D.Uncaring.30.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Theheateddebateoverthepighearttransplant.B.DavidBennett’scontributiontomedicalresearch.C.Thefirstexperimentalpighearttransplantintheworld.D.Thefirstsuccessfulpighearttransplantintoalivinghuman.31.Inwhichsectionofamagazinemaythistextappear?A.PoliticalAffairs. B.GlobalEntertainment.C.Sci-TechFront. D.FinancialWindow.【答案】28.D29.B30.D31.C【解析】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章報(bào)道了全球第一次成功的豬心移植到活人體內(nèi)。28詞句猜想題。依據(jù)劃線詞上文““Itwaseitherdieordothistransplant,”Bennetthadtoldsurgeonsadaybeforetheoperation.(“要么死，要么做移植手術(shù)，”班尼特在手術(shù)前一天告知外科醫(yī)生)”及下文“butit’salsomylastchoice.(但這也是我最終的選擇)”可推知，班尼特不確定手術(shù)是否成功。由此推知，劃線短語(yǔ)ashotinthedark的意思是“結(jié)果不確定的事情”。故選D。29推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的““It’sworkinganditlooksnormal.Wearethrilled,butwedon’tknowwhattomorrowwillbringus.Thishasneverbeendonebefore,”BarkleyGriffith,wholedthetransplantteam,toldtheNewYorkTimes.(“它正在工作，看起來(lái)很正常。我們很興奮，但我們不知道明天會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)什么。這是前所未有的，”領(lǐng)導(dǎo)移植團(tuán)隊(duì)的巴克利·格里菲斯在接受《紐約時(shí)報(bào)》采訪時(shí)表示)”可推知，巴克利·格里菲斯對(duì)本內(nèi)特的術(shù)后狀況持謹(jǐn)慎態(tài)度。故選B。30主旨大意題。依據(jù)第一段中的“OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.(1月7日，大衛(wèi)·班尼特走進(jìn)馬里蘭高校醫(yī)學(xué)中心的手術(shù)室，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)從未在人類(lèi)身上進(jìn)行過(guò)的手術(shù))”和“Hisheartwasfailinghimandheneededanewone.(他的心臟衰竭了，他需要一個(gè)新的心臟)”依據(jù)其次段“Thephysician-scientistsatthecenter,however,hadanother-alsorisky-option:transplant(移植)aheartfromagenetically-modifiedpig.”（然而，該中心的醫(yī)生和科學(xué)家們還有另一個(gè)同樣有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的選擇:從一只轉(zhuǎn)基因豬身上移植心臟。）及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了全球第一次成功的豬心移植到活人體內(nèi)。故選D。31推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段中的“OnJanuary7,DavidBennettwentintotheoperatingroomattheUniversityofMarylandMedicalCenterforasurgicalprocedureneverperformedbeforeonahuman.(1月7日，大衛(wèi)·班尼特走進(jìn)馬里蘭高校醫(yī)學(xué)中心的手術(shù)室，進(jìn)行一項(xiàng)從未在人類(lèi)身上進(jìn)行過(guò)的手術(shù))”及下文介紹可知，文章主要介紹了全球第一次成功的豬心移植到活人體內(nèi)。由此推知，這篇文章或許會(huì)消滅在雜志的科技前沿部分。故選C。D(2023屆江蘇省蘇北四市（徐州連云港宿遷淮安）高三上學(xué)期第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試)Thisyear,inMarch,IjumpedintoaheatedpoolinCaliforniatomeetadolphinnamedDelle.AsIapproachedher,Delleturnedtowardsmeandbecameplayful,greetingmebysplashingmewithherbeak.Delighted,Ireachedouttopathershinyskin.Itfeltrubbery,whichwasthemaingiveawaythatDellethedolphinwasarobot.Justasfake(假的)animalsarebecomingveryrealistic,it'sbecomingincreasinglylessacccptabletouseliveanimalsforentertainmentpurposes.DocumentarieslikeBlackfish(2013)andTheCove(2009)haveexposedsomeofthehorrifictreatmentandsufferingofoccanmammals.Theresultingpublicprotesthasmadeaquariums(水族館)controversial,attractinglessvisitors.Arguably，entertainingpeoplewithcaptive(圈養(yǎng)的)animalsisvitalforanimalconservation.Manyzoosandaquariumsactivelytrytopromoteconservationeffortsbyprovidingeducationalexperiencesandencouraginginterestinthenaturalworld.Thistypeofentertainmentisuseful,becauseitinspirespeopletocare.Atfirst,thisseemslikeareasontoavoidreplacingtheanimalswithtechnology.However,researchintherapid-developedfieldofhuman-robotinteractionisshowingastonishingresultsonengagementwithrobotsthatcanimitatelifelikebehaviour.Whenphysicallyinteractive,robotsattractalotofattention.Peopletendtotreatthemlikethey’realive,eventhoughtheyknowperfectlywellthey’rejustmachines.Ifwestarttoreplacetheanimalsinourthemeparkswithmachines,willthistrenddecreaseourwonderforthenaturalworld?Abunchofpeopleexpressednegativegutreactions(本能反應(yīng))afterIpostedvideooftherobotdolphinonTwitter.Andyet,Idon’tbelievethatusingthisrobotanimalswillcauseustoforgettheworthoflivingcreatures.32.WhydoestheauthormentionDelleinparagraph1?A.Toshareaspecialexperience. B.Topromoterubberydolphins.C.Todrawattentiontorobotanimals. D.Todescribeadolphinpreformance.33.Whatcanwelearnaboutliveanimalsinzoos?A.Theyarecruellytreated. B.Theymakezoospopular.C.Theyarewellentertained. D.Theydeserveconservation.34.Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A.Reasonsforreplacinganimalswithrobots.B.Benefitsofentertainingpeoplewithrobots.C.Researchresultsoninteractionwithrobots.D.Publicconcernsoverengagementwithrobots.35.What’stheauthor’sattitudetoreplacinganimalswithmachines?A.Favorable. B.Intolerant.C.Doubtful. D.Unclear.【答案】32.C33.D34.C35.A【解析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。主要介紹了機(jī)器動(dòng)物的運(yùn)用以及社會(huì)對(duì)它的各種看法。32推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段最終兩句“Delighted,Ireachedouttopathershinyskin.Itfeltrubbery,whichwasthemaingiveawaythatDellethedolphinwasarobot.（我很興奮，伸手拍拍她發(fā)亮的皮膚。感覺(jué)像橡膠一樣，這是海豚黛勒是個(gè)機(jī)器人的主要證據(jù)。）”可推知，作者在第一段提到海豚黛勒是由于想要引出本文話題，吸引讀者留意，讓大家關(guān)注到有機(jī)器動(dòng)物這個(gè)東西。故選C項(xiàng)。33細(xì)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章其次段一、二句“Justasfake(假的)animalsarebecomingveryrealistic,it'sbecomingincreasinglylessacccptabletouseliveanimalsforentertainmentpurposes.DocumentaricslikeBlackfish(2013)andTheCove(2009)haveexposedsomeofthehorrifictreatmentandsufferingofoccanmammals.（就像假動(dòng)物變得越來(lái)越逼真一樣，將活體動(dòng)物用于消遣目的也越來(lái)越難以接受?！逗隰~(yú)》(2013)和《海灣》(2009)等紀(jì)錄片揭露了一些海洋哺乳動(dòng)物患病的可怕待遇和苦痛。）”可知，動(dòng)物園里的活體動(dòng)物也是值得我們愛(ài)護(hù)的。故選D項(xiàng)。34主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章第四段其次句“However,researchintherapid-developedfieldofhuman-robotinteractionisshowingastonishingresultsonengagementwithrobotsthatcanimitatelifelikebehaviour.（然而，在快速進(jìn)展的人機(jī)交互領(lǐng)域的爭(zhēng)辯顯示，與能夠仿照逼真行為的機(jī)器人互動(dòng)產(chǎn)生了驚人的結(jié)果。）”結(jié)合本段來(lái)看，本段主要是在介紹與機(jī)器人交互的爭(zhēng)辯成果。故選C項(xiàng)。35推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終兩句“Abunchofpeopleexpressednegativegutreactions(本能反應(yīng))afterIpostedvideooftherobotdolphinonTwitter.Andyet,Idon’tbelievethatusingthisrobotanimalswillcauseustoforgettheworthoflivingcreatures.（我在推特上發(fā)布了機(jī)器海豚的視頻后，很多人都表達(dá)了負(fù)面的本能反應(yīng)。然而，我不信任使用這種機(jī)器動(dòng)物會(huì)讓我們遺忘生物的價(jià)值。）”可推知，作者對(duì)于用機(jī)器人代替動(dòng)物是持贊成的態(tài)度的。故選A項(xiàng)。其次節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）（2023屆北京市東城區(qū)高三一模）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Withclimatechangecontinuingtoworsen,oursituationisbeginningtofeelincreasinglyserious.____36____Isitright?Maybenot.Techno-optimismisoneofthegreatestmisconceptionswhenitcomestosolutionstoensureourfuture.Itcanbedefinedasabeliefthatfuturetechnologieswillsolveallofourcurrentproblems.Thisdefinitionreinforces(強(qiáng)化)theideathatthere’snoreasontopanicorchangeourcurrentenergy-intensivelifestyle.Allsocietyneedstodoislooktogreentechnologytoworkitsmagic.____37____Oneofthebestexamplesofthisoptimisticmisconceptionistheelectriccar.Despitebeinghighlyregardedasaneco-friendlywaytogetaround,electriccarsarenottheendforthefutureoftransport.Batteriesinelectriccarsusechemicalelementswhichwecouldbeseeingashortageofbythemidcentury.____38____Techno-optimismhasledmanytobelievethatifeveryonejustswitchedtodrivingelectricvehicles,wewouldbemakingincrediblestepstowardssustainability.However,therealityisthattheamountofresourcesandenergyneededtoproduceenoughelectricvehiclesforeveryoneisnotevenremotelysustainable.____39____Investinginpublictransportationandmovingawayfromindividuallyownedvehicles.Producingfewercars.Improvingrecyclingpracticesofoldbatteries.Thesolutionsweseekshouldnotberootedinnewtechnology,butbeaboutchangingthewayoursocietyfunctions.Techno-optimismputstoomuchemphasisontechnologyandnotenoughonwhatwecandorightthisminute.Unfortunately,peopleseemtolikethepicturethattechno-optimismpaints.____40____Itisimportanttounderstandthattheproblembeginswhenweseethosetechnologiesasawaytomakeourcurrentlifestyleseco-friendly.Untilwearereadytofacetheneedforalesscomplexlife,wecannotmaketrueprogresstowardssustainability.A.Sowhereshouldwelookforanswersinstead?B.Themodernworld’ssimplesolutionistechnology.C.Moreover,theyaremoreenergyintensivetoproduce.D.Isitatrapthatmanypeoplehavefallenintoinrecentyears?E.Unfortunately,thisisanincrediblydangerousopiniontohold.F.Despiteanytechnology,weasawholearenotlivingsustainably.G.Nevertheless,thetruthis,weneedawidespreadchangeinourlifestyles.【答案】36.B37.E38.C39.A40.G【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章指出“技術(shù)樂(lè)觀主義”試圖用技術(shù)解決當(dāng)前的氣候問(wèn)題，作者用電動(dòng)汽車(chē)的例子來(lái)證明這種想法好像是沒(méi)用的。轉(zhuǎn)變我們的社會(huì)運(yùn)作方式，以及人們的生活方式才是解決問(wèn)題的關(guān)鍵所在。36依據(jù)上文“Withclimatechangecontinuingtoworsen,oursituationisbeginningtofeelincreasinglyserious.(隨著氣候變化的持續(xù)惡化，我們的狀況開(kāi)頭變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻)”可知，氣候問(wèn)題持續(xù)惡化，人類(lèi)的狀況開(kāi)頭變得越來(lái)越嚴(yán)峻。由此推知，人類(lèi)可能會(huì)實(shí)行解決氣候問(wèn)題的方法。結(jié)合下文“Techno-optimismisoneofthegreatestmisconceptionswhenitcomestosolutionstoensureourfuture.Itcanbedefinedasabeliefthatfuturetechnologieswillsolveallofourcurrentproblems.(當(dāng)談到確保我們將來(lái)的解決方案時(shí)，技術(shù)樂(lè)觀主義是最大的誤會(huì)之一。它可以被定義為信任將來(lái)的技術(shù)將解決我們當(dāng)前的全部問(wèn)題)”可知，人們?cè)噲D依靠技術(shù)來(lái)解決氣候問(wèn)題。B項(xiàng)“Themodernworld’ssimplesolutionistechnology.(現(xiàn)代世界的簡(jiǎn)潔解決方案就是技術(shù))”符合題意。故選B。37空處位于段末應(yīng)承接上文。依據(jù)上文“Techno-optimismisoneofthegreatestmisconceptionswhenitcomestosolutionstoensureourfuture.Itcanbedefinedasabeliefthatfuturetechnologieswillsolveallofourcurrentproblems.Thisdefinitionreinforces(強(qiáng)化)the