2024年高考英語(yǔ)答題技巧模板：細(xì)節(jié)理解題（解題技巧解析版）

題型01細(xì)節(jié)理解題

!命題特點(diǎn)

細(xì)節(jié)理解題要求考試在快速閱讀文章的同時(shí)，能從文中獲取某些特定的信息。細(xì)節(jié)理解題涉及體

裁廣泛，從題干信息中較易看出，但要求考生務(wù)必忠實(shí)于原文及全篇的邏輯關(guān)系,不能主觀臆斷。

!"考查方向

細(xì)節(jié)理解題包括直接信息題、間接信息題、數(shù)字計(jì)算題和順序排列題。細(xì)節(jié)理解題在高考閱讀理

解中占有相當(dāng)大的比例，幾乎占據(jù)了閱讀理解總題量的一半甚至以上?？疾閮?nèi)容涉及時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、人

物、事件、原因、結(jié)果、方式以及在議論文中可以涉及例證的細(xì)節(jié)和定義類(lèi)的細(xì)節(jié)。

!1命題規(guī)律

1.舉例和比喻處常考

2.列舉、排比處?？?/p>

3.指示代詞出現(xiàn)處?？?/p>

4.引用人物觀點(diǎn)處?？?/p>

5.特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號(hào)后的內(nèi)容?？?/p>

近四年閱讀理解細(xì)節(jié)理解題考點(diǎn)細(xì)目

年份卷別題號(hào)

2023新高考I卷21、23、24、26、28、33

2023新高考II卷21、22、23、24、25、27、29、32、35

2022新高考I卷22、25、26、27、32、33

2022新高考II卷21、22、23、25、26、27、29、34

2021新高考I卷21、22、23、24、26、27、28、32

2021新高考II卷21、22、23、24、27、28、30、32、33、34

細(xì)節(jié)理解題解題思路

1.利用“跳讀法”：帶著問(wèn)題找答案；無(wú)需通篇看全文；迅速定位與題目相關(guān)的信息；對(duì)比選項(xiàng)與原

文進(jìn)行信息加工比對(duì)；準(zhǔn)確選定答案。

2.利用“順藤摸瓜”：根據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞“藤”,在原文尋找相同或近似的詞“瓜”。這種方法一

般適用于間接信息題和是非推斷題。

3.利用“計(jì)算法”：適合數(shù)字計(jì)算題。先弄清問(wèn)題再對(duì)比原文數(shù)字和單位，關(guān)注細(xì)節(jié)，精準(zhǔn)計(jì)算。

4.利用“首尾定位法”：先找出最先發(fā)生的事和最后發(fā)生的事，迅速縮小選擇范圍，從而迅速選出正

確答案。這種方法主要適用于順序排列題。

命題點(diǎn)01直接信息題

【典例01]

[2023年全國(guó)乙卷A篇】

PRACTITIONERS

RebeccaLeeCrumpler(1831—1895)workedasanurseforeightyearsbeforestudyinginmedicalcollege

inBostonin1860.Fouryearslater,shewasthefirstAfricanAmericanwomantoreceiveamedicaldegree.She

movedtoVirginiain1865,wheresheprovidedmedicalcaretofreedslaves.

23.WhowasthefirstAfricanAmericanwithamedicaldegree?

AJacquelineFelicedeAlmania.B.TanYunxian.

C.JamesBarry.D.RebeccaLeeCrumpler.

【答案】D

【解析】運(yùn)用“跳讀法”，就可以迅速在文章最后一個(gè)人物介紹的第二句原詞出現(xiàn)thefirstAfricanAmerican

woman,可知，RebeccaLeeCrumpler是第一個(gè)擁有醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)位的非裔美國(guó)人。

【典例02]

(2023年新高考I卷A篇)

GuidedCityTours

The2.5-hourtourcoverstheGooyerWindmill,theSkinnyBridge,theRijksmuseum,HeinekenBreweryand

muchmore.ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat1:00pmeveryday.Youcanbuy

yourticketinaMacBikeshoporbookonline.

3.Wheredoestheguidedcitytourstart?

A.TheGooyer,Windmill.B.TheSkinnyBridge.

C.HeinekenBrewery.D.DamSquare.

【答案】D

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThetourdepartsfromDamSquareeveryhouronthehour,startingat

1:00pmeveryday.（旅游團(tuán)每小時(shí)從大壩廣場(chǎng)出發(fā)，每天下午1點(diǎn)開(kāi)始）”，結(jié)合“計(jì)算法”可知，導(dǎo)游城市

之旅從大壩廣場(chǎng)開(kāi)始。故選D。

命題點(diǎn)02間接信息題

【典例01】

[2023年新高考I卷B篇】

WhenJohnToddwasachild,helovedtoexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolved

problems.Aditrystream,forexample,oftenbecameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretiny

creatureslived.Whenhegotolder,Johnstartedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemesses

peopleweremaking.

Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobservingnatureandasking

questions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）?Whichkindsoffishcaneatcancer-causing

chemicals?Withtherightcombinationofanimalsandplants,hefigured,maybehecouldcleanupwastetheway

naturedid.Hedecidedtobuildwhathewouldlatercallaneco-machine.

4.WhatcanwelearnaboutJohnfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?

A.Hewasfondoftraveling.B.Heenjoyedbeingalone.

C.Hehadaninquiringmind.D.Helongedtobeadoctor.

【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。“順藤摸瓜”，對(duì)原文多處信息整合。根據(jù)第一段“WhenJohnToddwasachild,heloved

toexplorethewoodsaroundhishouse,observinghownaturesolvedproblems.Aditrystream,forexample,often

becameclearafterflowingthroughplantsandalongrockswheretinycreatureslived.Whenhegotolder,John

startedtowonderifthisprocesscouldbeusedtocleanupthemessespeopleweremaking.（當(dāng)約翰?托德還是個(gè)孩

子的時(shí)候，他喜歡探索房子周?chē)臉?shù)林，觀察大自然是如何解決問(wèn)題的。例如，一條骯臟的小溪流經(jīng)植物

和微小生物居住的巖石后，往往變得清澈。長(zhǎng)大后，約翰開(kāi)始思考這個(gè)過(guò)程是否可以用來(lái)清理人們制造的

混舌L）”以及第二段“Afterstudyingagriculture,medicine,andfisheriesincollege,Johnwentbacktoobserving

natureandaskingquestions.Whycancertainplantstrapharmfulbacteria（細(xì)菌）？Whichkindsoffishcaneat

cancer-causingchemicals?（在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)了農(nóng)業(yè)、醫(yī)學(xué)和漁業(yè)之后，約翰又回到了觀察自然和提出問(wèn)題的生活

中。為什么某些植物能捕獲有害細(xì)菌？哪些魚(yú)類(lèi)會(huì)食用致癌化學(xué)物質(zhì)？）”可知，約翰聰穎好學(xué)、好奇心很

強(qiáng)。故選C。

【典例02]

[2023年全國(guó)甲卷B篇片段】

Terri,whonowrentsahousewithfriendsinWandsworth,SouthWestLondon,saysDIYalsosavesherfrom

losinganydepositwhenatenancy（租期）comestoanend.Sheadds:'TvemovedhousemanytimesandIalways

liketopersonalisemyroomandputuppictures,so,ifsbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepainta

roomtoavoidanychargeswhenI'vemovedout.”

26.HowdidTerriavoidlosingthedepositonthehousesherented?

A.Bymakingitlooklikebefore.B.Byfurnishingitherself.

C.Bysplittingtherentwitharoommate.D.Bycancellingtherentalagreement.

【答案】A

[解析]根據(jù)本段最后一句“"So,it'sbeenusefultoknowhowtocoverupholesandrepaintaroomtoavoid

anychargeswhenTvemovedout.??可知，Terri是通過(guò)粉飾房間，讓它看起來(lái)像以前一樣，來(lái)避免被扣除

租房的押金的。

命題點(diǎn)03數(shù)字計(jì)算題

【典例01]

【2023?新高考全國(guó)II卷A篇】

YellowstoneNationalParkoffersavarietyofrangerprogrammesthroughoutthepark,andthroughoutthe

year.Thefollowingaredescriptionsoftherangerprogrammesthissummer.

ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone（May26toSeptember2）

Whetheryou'rehikingabackcountrytrail（〃、徑），camping,orjustenjoyingthepark'samazingwildlifefrom

theroad,thisquickworkshopisforyouandyourfamily.Learnwheretolookforanimalsandhowtosafelyenjoy

yourwildlifewatchingexperience.MeetattheCanyonVillageStore.

JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics（June5toAugust21）

KidscantesttheirskillsandcomparetheirabilitiestotheanimalsofYellowstone.Stayforaslittleoraslong

asyourplansallow.MeetinfrontoftheVisitorEducationCentre.

CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)

Fromaclassicviewpoint,enjoyLowerFalls,theYellowstoneRiver,andthebreathtakingcoloursofthe

canyon(峽谷)whilelearningaboutthearea'snaturalandhumanhistory.Discoverwhyartistsandphotographers

continuetobedrawntothisspecialplace.MeetonthelowerplatformatArtistPointontheSouthRimDrivefor

thisshorttalk.

PhotographyWorkshops(June19&July10)

Enhanceyourphotographyskills-joinYellowstone'sparkphotographerforahands-onprogrammeto

inspirenewandcreativewaysofenjoyingthebeautyandwonderofYellowstone.

6/19一Waterfalls&WideAngles:meetatArtistPoint.

7/10——Wildflowers&WhiteBalance:meetatWashburnTrailheadinChittendenparkingarea.

21.Whichofthefourprogrammesbeginstheearliest?

A.PhotographyWorkshops.

B.JuniorRangerWildlifeOlympics.

C.CanyonTalksatArtistPoint.

D.ExperiencingWildlifeinYellowstone.

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)各個(gè)活動(dòng)的時(shí)間“ExperiencingWildlifbinYellowstone(May26toSeptember2)"、"JuniorRanger

WildlifeOlympics(June5toAugust21)"、"CanyonTalksatArtistPoint(June9toSeptember2)”及“Photography

Workshops(June19&JulyIO)99,利用“計(jì)算法”可知，答案為D。

【典例02]

【2023?江蘇南通?高三如皋市搬經(jīng)中學(xué)校聯(lián)考期中】

Welcometoourstand-upcomedyclasses

Thisistheworkshopwherebeginnershavegrownintoheadlinersandheadlinershavegrownintostars.Our

workshopstressesstand-upcomedywritingandperforming-thetwokeycomponentsofstand-upcomedy.

Ourclassesareconductedbyaward-winning,comedydirectorandwriterStephenRosenfieldandhis

stand-upstaff.Theyareconductedsothatwhenit'stimeforyourclubperformance,youwillhavesolidlywritten,

funnymaterialandyouwillbewellrehearsedandreadytoperformbeyondyourexpectations.Thesestand-up

comedyclassesareofferedtobothbeginnersandadvancedstudents.Theworkshopconsistsofgroupclasses,

privatecoachingsessionsandaperformanceatGothamorWestSideComedyClub.

Seatsavailable:2

Startdate:May17th

In-personshow:May20thatGothamComedyClub

Livestreamedshow:May22ndonYouTube

Fees:

Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.

Weacceptcash,checksorcreditcards.

Yourinstructor:BeckyVeduccio

Beckyhasbeenaprofessionalcomedian,writerandactressforover15years.Shehasperformedstand-up

comedyinNewYork,LosAngeles,LasVegasandLondon.Besides,shehasappearedincommercials,theaterand

featurefilms.Andshecompetedinthe2018seasonofAmerica'sGotTalent.

HerfilmworksincludeReturntoMe,MaidinManhattanandRandomHearts.Asawriter,shewaschosenas

oneofParenting,com'stopfive“FavoriteMommyBloggers^^forherhumorousarticlesonthewebsite.In2015,

shewontheNewYorkPressClubAwardforhumorouswriting.Asaninstructor,Beckyhastaughtstand-up

comedytoeveryagegroup——fromelementaryschoolkidsandteenagerstouniversitystudentsandadults.She

believeseveryonehasacomedicvoice.

2.Howmuchwillareturningstudentsaveonthefee?

A.$10.B.$50.C.$60.D.$80.

【答案】c

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Fees部分中“Ifyouareafirsttimestudent:$410.Ifyouareareturningstudent:$350.

（如果你是新生：410美元。如果你是老生：350美元。廠可知，老生可以節(jié)省60美元的學(xué)費(fèi)。故選C項(xiàng)。

命題點(diǎn)04順序排列題

【典例01）

Aschoolgirlsavedherfather'slifebykickinghiminthechestafterhesufferedaseriousallergic（過(guò)敏的）

reactionwhichstoppedhisheart.

Izzy,nine,restartedfatherColm'sheartbystamping（踩）onhischestafterhefelldownathomeandstopped

breathing.

Izzy*smother,Debbie,immediatelycalled999butIzzyknewdoctorswouldneverarriveintimetosaveher

father,sodecidedtouseCPR.

However,shequicklydiscoveredherarmsweren'tstrongenough,soshestampedonherfather'schest

instead.

Debbiethentookoverwithsomemoreconventionalchestcompressions（按壓）untiltheambulancearrived.

Izzy,whohasbeengivenabraveryawardbyherschool,said,“Ijustkickedhimreallyhard.Mymumtaught

meCPRbutIknewIwasn'tstrongenoughtousehands.Iwasquitescared.ThedoctorsaidImightaswellbea

doctororanurse.MymumsaidthatDadwasgoingtohospitalwithabigfootprintonhischest.”

“She'salittlestar,"saidDebbie,i6IwasreallyupsetbutIzzyjusttookover.Ijustcan*tbelievewhatshedid.

Ireallythinkallchildrenshouldbetaughtfirstaid.IzzydidCPRthenthedoctorturnedup.Colmhadtohave

moretreatmentonthewaytothehospitalandwe*vegottoseeanexpert.9,

TruckdriverColm,35,sufferedamysteryallergicreactiononSaturdayandwastakentohospital,butwas

senthomeonlyforittohappenagainthenextday.Thesecondattackwassoseriousthathisairwayswelled,

preventinghimfrombreathing,hisbloodpressuredroppedsuddenly,andhisheartstoppedforamoment.

Hehasnowmadeafullrecoveryfromhissuffering.

What'stherightorderoftheevents?

①I(mǎi)zzykickedColm.②Debbiecalled999.

③IzzylearnedCPR.?Colm'sheartstopped.

A.③①②④B.④②③①

C.③④②①D.④③①②

【答案】B

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。通過(guò)速讀原文可知，第一件事是Colm'sheartstopped,而最后一件事是Izzykicked

Colm,故選B。

【典例02】

【2023?湖北?高三華中師大一附中?？计谥小?/p>

Withtheavailabilityofeasy-to-useat-homekits,DNAtestingfordogshasbecomeincreasinglypopular

amongdogownersinrecentyears.Itcanprovideinvaluableinsightsintoadog'sbreed,healthrisks,andeven

behaviors.

DNAtestingtypicallyworksbyanalyzingthegeneticmaterialfoundinasampleofcellstakenfromthe

insideofyourdog'scheek.Thissampleisthencomparedtoadatabaseofknownbreedsandgeneticmarkers

associatedwithcertaintraitsorhealthconditions.

ThefirststepinobtainingaDNAtestkitisselectingwhichtypeyouwant.Mostcompaniesofferseveral

differenttypesofteststhatvaryincostandcomplexity.Forinstance,sometestsjustanalyzeyourdog'sbreed

composition,whileotherscanassessadditionalgeneticmarkersassociatedwithcertaindiseasesorbehaviors.

Thenit'stimetocollectyourdog'ssampleusingtheprovidedswab（拭子）kitorsaliva-collectiontube

includedwithmostkits.Theswabshouldbegentlyrubbedinsideyourpefscheekaccordingtothekifsdirections

beforebeingplacedintothecollectioncontainerprovidedbythecompany.Aftercollectingthesample,itshould

bemailedbacktothelaboratoryforprocessingaccordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecompanyprovidingthe

service.Oncereceivedbythelab,ittypicallytakes1-2weeksforresultstobeprocessedandsentbackviaemail

ormail.Resultswillvarydependingonwhichtypeoftestwaspurchased,buttheygenerallyincludedetailed

informationaboutyourpefsbreedcompositionaswellasanypotentialhealthrisksorbehavioraltraitsassociated

withtheirgeneticsthatcouldaffecttheiroverallwell-beingandqualityoflife.

Ifyou'relookingforaneasywaytolearnmoreaboutyourpup'sbackgroundwithoutspendingtoomuch

money,thenDNAtestingmightjustberightupyouralley.

10.WhatisthecorrectorderofhavinganDNAtest?

@getthesampleprocessed②rubtheswabgently?receivetheresult

?selectthetypeoftest?placetheswabintothecontainer?mailthesamplebacktothelab

A.④-②-⑤-⑥-①-③B.④⑤-①-②-⑥-③

C.②-⑤-④-①-⑥-③D.②-④-⑤-⑥-①-③

【答案】B

【解析】順序排列題。根據(jù)第三段"ThefirststepinobtainingaDNAtestkitisselectingwhichtypeyouwant.

（獲得DNA檢測(cè)試劑盒的第一步是選擇你想要的類(lèi)型。）"和第四段"Thenifstimetocollectyourdog'ssample

usingtheprovidedswab（拭子）kitorsaliva-collectiontubeincludedwithmostkits.Theswabshouldbegently

rubbedinsideyourpefscheekaccordingtothekit'sdirectionsbeforebeingplacedintothecollectioncontainer

providedbythecompany.Aftercollectingthesample,itshouldbemailedbacktothelaboratoryforprocessing

accordingtoinstructionsgivenbythecompanyprovidingtheservice.Oncereceivedbythelab,ittypicallytakes

1-2weeksforresultstobeprocessedandsentbackviaemailormail.Resultswillvarydependingonwhichtype

oftestwaspurchased,buttheygenerallyincludedetailedinformationaboutyourpefsbreedcompositionaswell

asanypotentialhealthrisksorbehavioraltraitsassociatedwiththeirgeneticsthatcouldaffecttheiroverall

well-beingandqualityoflife.（然后是時(shí)候使用大多數(shù)試劑盒中提供的拭子試劑盒或唾液采集管采集你的狗

的樣本了。在將拭子放入公司提供的收集容器之前，應(yīng)根據(jù)試劑盒的指示在寵物的臉頰內(nèi)輕輕擦拭。采集

樣本后，應(yīng)根據(jù)提供服務(wù)的公司的指示將樣本郵寄回實(shí)驗(yàn)室進(jìn)行處理。一旦實(shí)驗(yàn)室收到結(jié)果，通常需要1-2

周的時(shí)間來(lái)處理并通過(guò)電子郵件或郵件發(fā)回。根據(jù)購(gòu)買(mǎi)的測(cè)試類(lèi)型，結(jié)果會(huì)有所不同，但通常包括有關(guān)寵

物品種組成的詳細(xì)信息，以及任何潛在的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)或與其基因相關(guān)的行為特征，這些信息可能會(huì)影響寵物

的整體健康和生活質(zhì)量。產(chǎn)可知，做DNA檢測(cè)的順序應(yīng)該是：④選擇測(cè)試類(lèi)型，②輕輕擦拭拭子，⑤將

拭子放入容器，⑥將樣本郵寄回實(shí)驗(yàn)室，①處理樣本，③接收結(jié)果。故選A。

吃魯i?知識(shí)遷移強(qiáng)化

1.（2023年江蘇省蘇北七市二模閱讀理解A篇）

Valueformoney?

Yes.It'snotcheapbutit'saspecialexperiencethateasilyfillsaday.Plus,ifsavaluablecauseworth

supporting.Adults￡14,children5-17andstudents￡6.50,under-4sfree,family￡38（twoadultsandtwo

children）or￡25（oneadultandthreechildren）.

Howmuchwouldacouplewiththeir5-year-oldtwinsonspayforadmission?

A.￡25.B.￡34.5.C.￡38.D.￡41.

【答案】C

【解析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Valueformoney?部分中“family￡38（twoadultsandtwochildren）or￡25（one

adultandthreechildren）.（家庭38英鎊（兩名成人和兩名兒童）或25英鎊（一名成人和三名兒童））”可知，一對(duì)

夫婦和他們兩個(gè)5歲的雙胞胎兒子的門(mén)票是38英鎊。故選C項(xiàng)。

2.（湖北省高中名校聯(lián)盟2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)合測(cè)評(píng)試題）

Scienceisaprocessthatbuildsuponexistingtheoriesandknowledgebycontinuouslyrevisingthem.Every

aspectofscientificknowledgecanbequestioned,includingthegeneralrulesofthinkingthatappeartobemost

certain.Sowhyissciencetrustworthyifitisalwayschanging?Iftomorrowwewillnolongerseetheworldas

NewtonorEinsteinfoundittobe,whyshouldwetakeseriouslytoday'sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?

Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescriptionoftheworldisthebest

wehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan'tdiminish（降彳氐）thefactthatitisausefulinstrumentfor

understandingtheworld.

Considerafolkhealer5sherbalmedicine.Canwesaythistreatmentis“scientific"?...

13.Whatcanwelearnabouttoday'sscientificdescriptionoftheworld?

A.Itcanbetimeless.B.Itcanbeimproved.

C.Itisoflittlevalue.D.Itisthebestatanymoment.

【答案】13.B

【解析】本文是一篇議論文。文章論述了盡管科學(xué)總是在變化，但是它還是值得信賴的原因。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theanswerissimple:Becauseatanygivenmomentofourhistory,thisdescription

oftheworldisthebestwehave.Thefactthatitcanbemadebettercan'tdiminish（降低）thefactthatitisauseful

instrumentforunderstandingtheworld.（答案很簡(jiǎn)單：因?yàn)樵谖覀儦v史的任何時(shí)刻，這種對(duì)世界的描述都是我

們擁有的最好的描述。它可以變得更好這一事實(shí)不能削弱它是理解世界的有用工具這一事實(shí)）”可知，今天

對(duì)世界的科學(xué)描述還可以改進(jìn)。故選B。

3.（福建省福州高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）

Howdoesanecosystem（生態(tài)系統(tǒng)）work?Whatmakesthepopulationsofdifferentspeciesthewaytheyare?

Whyaretheresomanyfliesandsofewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematicalmodelsof

foodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachoneeats.

Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,

forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.Whenapredator（掠食動(dòng)物）alwayseats

hugenumbersofasingleprey（獵物），thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,

theyareweaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinksbecausethatarrangementismore

stableoverthelongterm.Ifapredatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（滅絕）ofoneofthem.

Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatiseasiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,the

switchallowstheoriginalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfromdrivingoneanotherto

extinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybeunstable,wheresmallchangesoftop

predatorscanleadtobigeffectsthroughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthatpredatorsat

thetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontroloverthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies-including

speciestheydidnotdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-downcontrolbytoppredatorstobetrue.Inthe

ocean,wefishedfortoppredatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilledofflargepredators

suchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffectedtheecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedonmathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtell

uswhentoadapthumanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownorwouldevenallowusto

pullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheir

tippingpoint（臨界點(diǎn)），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

11.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodelsoffoodwebs?

A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.

C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.

D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.

12.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator.

A.hasawidefoodchoice

B.caneasilyfindnewprey

C.stickstoonepreyspecies

D.canquicklymovetoanotherplace

【答案】n.B12.C13.D14.A15.D

【解析】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些食物網(wǎng)運(yùn)行的關(guān)鍵原

則。科學(xué)家們說(shuō)一個(gè)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)越過(guò)了它的臨界點(diǎn)，它們很難再回來(lái)?？茖W(xué)家們已經(jīng)建立了一個(gè)基于數(shù)學(xué)模

型的預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)將會(huì)發(fā)出信號(hào)告訴我們?nèi)祟?lèi)活動(dòng)正將生態(tài)系統(tǒng)推向崩潰，允許我們采取措施將生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)從邊緣拉回來(lái)。

11.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatingin

foodwebs.可知，借助食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了食物網(wǎng)中的一些關(guān)鍵原則。故選B。

12.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中Whenapredator（掠食動(dòng)物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（獵物），

thetwospeciesarestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyareweaklylinked.可知，當(dāng)捕食

者總是吃大量的單一獵物，這兩個(gè)物種是緊密相連的。故選C。

4.（安徽皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023.2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）

Herearethebooksthatoftenappearonhigh-schoolreadinglistsfor12th-gradestudents,andareoften

discussedingreaterdepthincollegeliteraturecourses.Thebooksonthislistareimportantintroductionstoworld

literature.

TheSeagull

ByAntonChekhov

Price:$40.4

Thebookisascene-of-lifereadsetintheRussiancountrysideattheendofthe19thcentury.Allcharacters

aredissatisfiedwiththeirlives.Somewantlove.Somewantsuccess.Noone,however,everseemstoget

happiness.SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic（悲居U的）playaboutalwaysunhappypeople.Othersseeitas

ahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans9foolishness.

Candide

ByVoltaire

Price:$48.6

VoltaireoffershisviewofsocietyinCandide.Thebookwaspublishedin1759,anditisoftenconsideredthe

author'smostimportantwork.Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,

butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.

JaneEyre

ByCharlotteBronte

Price:$128.6

CharlotteBronte'sheroinewasoneofthefirstinEnglishliteraturetoserveasfirst-personnarrator（講述

者）ofherownlifestory.Janefindslovewitharichman,Rochester,butonherownterms,andonlyafterhehas

provenhimselfworthyofher.

TheBluestEye

ByToniMorrison

Price:$28.6

ToniMorrison'sstoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmericangirlwhodreamsofhavingblue

eyes-asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptions（概念）ofbeauty.

21.WhatisspecialaboutTheSeagull?

A.People'sideastoitarequitedifferent.

B.Charactersinitarehappywiththeirlife.

C.Allcharactersmaketheirdreamtruefinally.

D.IttellsthelifeinAmericaintheearly1960s.

22.WhatchangesCandide'sideaaboutawonderfulworld?

A.Abadluckhemeetsinlife.B.Abookhereadaccidentally.

C.Ajourneyaroundtheworld.D.Adreamhemakesatnight.

23.Whichwouldyouchooseifyouwanttoreadagirldreamingofbecomingbeautiful?

A.TheSeagull.B.Candide.C.JaneEyre.D.TheBluestEye.

【答案】21.A22.C23.D

【解析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。全文講述了適合高中生閱讀的四本書(shū)。

21.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從TheSeagull中“SomepeopleviewTheSeagullasatragic（悲居U的）playaboutalways

unhappypeople.Othersseeitasahumorousandbitterbook,makingfunofhumans9fbolishness.（有些人認(rèn)為《海

鷗》是一部關(guān)于總是不快樂(lè)的人的悲劇的劇。其他人則認(rèn)為這是一本幽默而苦澀的書(shū)，取笑人類(lèi)的愚蠢。y

可知，人們對(duì)《海鷗》的看法大不相同。故選A項(xiàng)。

22.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從Candide中“Asimple-mindedyoungman,Candideissurehisworldisthebestofallworlds,

butatriparoundtheworldopenshiseyesaboutwhathebelievestobetrue.（Candide是一個(gè)頭腦簡(jiǎn)單的年輕人，

他確信自己的世界是世界上最好的，但環(huán)游世界讓他看到了他所相信的真實(shí)。）”可知，是一次環(huán)球旅行讓

Candide改變了對(duì)完美世界的看法。故選C項(xiàng)。

23.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。從TheBluestEye中“ToniMorrison'sstoryofPecolaBreedlove,ayoungAfricanAmerican

girlwhodreamsofhavingblueeyes-asignofacceptanceinaworldruledbywhiteconceptions（概念）of

beauty.（托尼?莫里森（ToniMorrison）講述了佩科拉?布雷德洛夫（PecolaBreedlove）的故事，她是一個(gè)年

輕的非裔美國(guó)女孩，夢(mèng)想擁有一雙藍(lán)色的眼睛——這是在一個(gè)由白人美麗觀念統(tǒng)治的世界中被接受的標(biāo)

志。廠可知，這是一本關(guān)于一個(gè)女孩想把眼睛變成白人認(rèn)為最美的藍(lán)色的故事。故選D項(xiàng)。

5.（江蘇省前黃高級(jí)中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三學(xué)情檢測(cè)）

Withanabundanceofsunandwind,SpainispositioningitselfasEurope5sfutureleaderingreenhydrogen

productiontocleanupheavyindustries.Butsomeenergyexpertsexpresscautionbecausethisprocessrelieson

massiveavailabilityofzero-carbonelectricity.

Greenhydrogeniscreatedwhenrenewableenergysourcespoweranelectricalcurrentthatrunsthrough

water,separatingitshydrogenandoxygenmolecules（分子）.Theprocessdoesn'tproduceplanet-warmingcarbon

dioxide,butlessthan0.1%ofglobalhydrogenproductioniscurrentlycreatedinthisway.

Theseparatedhydrogencanbeusedintheproductionofsteel,ammonia（氨）andchemicalproducts,allof

whichrequireindustrialprocessesthatarehardertostopfossilfuels.Hydrogenalsocanbeusedasa

transportationfuel,whichcouldonedaytransformthehighlypollutingshippingandaviationsectors.

Spain'slarge,windsweptandthinlypopulatedterritoryreceivesmorethan2,500hoursofsunshineon

averageperyear,providingidealconditionsforwindandsolarenergy,andthereforegreenhydrogenproduction.

“IfyoulookatwherehydrogenisgoingtobeproducedinEuropeinthenextmillionyears,it'sintwo

countries,SpainandPortugal,saidThierryLepereq,thefounderandpresidentofHyDealAmbition,anindustry

platformbringingtogether30companies.""Hydrogenisthenewoil.^^

24.WhyaresomeexpertscautiousaboutgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?

A.Itneedslargeamountsofsunandwind.B.Ithasaneffectonheavyindustries.

C.Itcausesconflictsamongcountries.D.Ituseslotsofzero-carbonelectricity.

25.WhatistheadvantageofgreenhydrogenproductioninSpain?

A.Idealgeographicalconditions.B.Thesupportfromgovernment.

C.Hydrogenproductiontechnology.D.Well-developed