2024年GMAT語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)

語法知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)：1.句子構(gòu)造：A.run-onSVO,andSVO,andSVO.對的SV,V,andV.對的FANBOYS(for,and,nor,but,or,yet,so)B.主謂一致C.缺乏主謂賓（主句和從句）D.從句省略：AlthoughSVO,SVO從句的S省略：條件主從句的主語相似；從句謂語中有be動(dòng)詞，也可以省略Although(heis)fat,hestilleatsalot.When(hewas)walkingbackhome,hecameacrossadog.考點(diǎn)：主語還原後發(fā)現(xiàn)意思不和邏輯E.倒裝句判斷的措施：。。。。Alongsidethetrailonwhichweridebikeeverymorningrunsalineofruggedoldoaktrees.2.平行構(gòu)造：A.平行配搭：規(guī)定絕對的平行notonly...butalso...;not...but...(not)somuch....as....neither...nor...either...or...B.功能相似的成分才可以平行：Doing...anddone....,SVO.doing和done都是定語，修飾主語Ibelievethat....andthat....功能相似的從句C.and,but,or平行標(biāo)志詞，前後構(gòu)造一定相似(OG13-40題)doinganddoing;todoandtodo;asif...andasif3比較構(gòu)造：A.比較搭配：thesame...as...;morethan...;as...as...;like/unlike/differentfromB.比較從句：than;as...as...IamtallerthanLiLei(is)Iwalkasfastas(Idid)whenIwasyounger.主從句句式絕對対稱；比較對象對等be動(dòng)詞可省可不?。坏寡b；什么相似省略什么C.IloveLiLeimorethanHanmeimei.IloveLiLeimorethanIloveHanmeimeiIloveLiLeimorethanHanmeimeidoes省略後不能有歧義（主句裏面有名詞賓語的時(shí)候，從句一定不能只跟一種名詞。）D.that/thoseit/theyTheairofBeijingisdrierthanthatofShanghai.that指代的是air這個(gè)概念，不過不一樣所屬it指代的是前面實(shí)實(shí)在在出現(xiàn)的那個(gè)名詞E.Belikelytodosth（OG13-108）AbemorelikelythanBtodosth/AbemorelikelytodosththanB(be)AbeaslikelyasBtodosth/AbeaslikelytodosthasB(be)4.固定搭配（Manhattan語法）5.修飾從句：1.名詞性從句（同位語從句，主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句）2.形容詞性從句（定語從句）3.副詞性從句（時(shí)間狀語從句，地點(diǎn)狀語從句，原因狀語從句）when;while;because;so..that;although;where...........B.done/doingDone...,SVOS是done的動(dòng)作承受者BroughttotheUStoreceiveeducation,LiLei.....SVO,donedone就近修飾前面的O（有無逗號狀況同樣）Ilovethepen,boughtbymyMumyesterday.Done在句子當(dāng)中，也是就近修飾前面的名詞。Iatethechocolate,madeinUS,andtheegg.Doing,SVOS是動(dòng)作發(fā)出者Walkingbackhome,Iboughtacarmodel.SVO,doing伴隨狀語doing修飾S,VIwalkedonthestage,smilingatthestudents.成果狀語doing修飾前面整句話Thebulletenteredhisbrain,resultinghisdeath.S,doing,VOdoing在句子當(dāng)中的時(shí)候（doing前面有逗號），做狀語，修飾主語(OG13-25)Ndoingdoing就近修飾前面的名詞（不能有任何逗號，除了including）（OG13-40）Amanstandingbythetreeissmoking.C.havingdone構(gòu)造（OG13-70題C選項(xiàng)）只能做狀語才對，不能做定語D.夾心修飾(OG13-104題)M1,M2,SVOS,M1,M2,VOM2:doing/done/介短修飾方向不確定，錯(cuò)M2:which定從只能往前修飾，對E介詞短語在句末，注意修飾也許有歧義(OG13-126；OG13-115C選項(xiàng))Istabbedahooliganwithaknife.有歧義F同位語修飾（GMAT喜歡的構(gòu)造）1)．名詞性同位Computersarebecomingfaster,morepowerful,andmorereliable,andsotooaremodems,thedevicesthatallowtwoormorecomputerstoshareinformationoverregulartelephoneline.2).同位語從句AristotlehasatheorythatEarthisround.3).概括性同位AristotlebelievesthatEarthisround,atheoryaffectingeveryone.4.反復(fù)性同位（OG13-102）Bystudyingtheprimitivevisualsystemsofsingle-cellaquaticorganisms,biophysicistshavediscoveredastrikingsimilaritybetweenalgaeandcows,asimilaritythatindicatesthecommonevolutionaryoriginofplantsandanimals:bothalgaeandcowsproducealight-sensitiveproteincalledrhodopsin.5.代詞替代性同位AstronomersatthePalomarObservatoryhavediscoveredadistantsupernovaexplosion,onetheybelievetobeofatypepreviouslyunknowntoscience.F.獨(dú)立主格作用：解釋闡明前面的句子形式：S+adj/N/doing/done/介短Therearealotofvendorsandbeggars,manyofthemcrying/manyofthemhappy/theyhappyfromruralareas/manychildren/manyofthemreadytowintheheartsofpassers-byG.AofB,NAofB,which（OG13-19/47題）N/which既可以修飾A，又可以修飾B.H.Which，引導(dǎo)定語從句：一般就近修飾前面的名詞，不能指代前面整句話I跳躍修飾：相對不太好的選項(xiàng)名詞非就近修飾的四種特殊狀況：介詞短語修飾名詞時(shí)Hehadawayofdodgingopponentsthatimpressedthescouts.2.謂語非常短AnewCEOhasbeenhiredwhowilltransferthecompanybydecentralizingauthoritytovariousdivisionheadswhileincreasingtheiraccountabilitythroughtheuseofpublicscorecards.3.用逗號隔開的，非常短的插入語OursystemofPresidentialelectionsfavorsstates,suchasDelaware,thatbypopulationareover-representedintheElectoralCollege.4.平行構(gòu)造的修飾語IwanttoretiretoaplacewhereIcanrelaxandwherethetaxesarelow.J.moreadjNmoredeliciousapplesmore修飾歧義錯(cuò)誤5時(shí)態(tài)：a完畢時(shí)和過去完畢時(shí)有無必要？b有明確時(shí)間狀語的事後，時(shí)態(tài)跟時(shí)間狀語走c客觀事實(shí)只用一般目前時(shí)d虛擬語氣：假定型虛擬語氣和命令型虛擬語氣假定型虛擬語氣：1)對不也許事情的虛擬：ifdid/were,woulddoIfIhadatimemachine,Iwouldturnbacktime.2)對過去事情的虛擬：ifhaddone,wouldhavedoneIfIhadmarriedyou,Iwouldhaveregrettedfortherestofmylife.3)虛擬語氣的倒裝；IFhad/were/should的時(shí)候，可以將had/were/should提前，if省略IfIshouldbeintheoffice,Iwouldpickupthephone.=ShouldIbeintheoffice,Iwouldpickkupthephone.IfIwereintheoffice=wereIintheofficeb.命令型虛擬語氣dictate,recommend,propose,suggest....這些動(dòng)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，賓語從句的謂語永遠(yuǎn)用動(dòng)詞原形WeproposethatLileimarryHanmeimei.6代詞a.thisthatthesethose不能單獨(dú)做主語和賓語的，包括介詞賓語withoutthat/amongthese錯(cuò)的b一句話當(dāng)中同一種代詞只能指代相似名詞c.名詞處在所有格位子，不能用代詞指代father’sgift,不能用he指代father.d.主從句和并列句，主語對應(yīng)指代。SVO,andSVO.AlthoughSVO,SVO.e.只要沒有劃線部分出現(xiàn)代詞，優(yōu)先勾畫出來，考點(diǎn)f.盡量不要選擇有代詞的選項(xiàng)VAN原則動(dòng)詞優(yōu)于形容詞優(yōu)于名詞抽象名詞優(yōu)先用從句解釋(OG13-70,126題)being的使用方法：一般being+短語