DB43-T 2410-2022湘東黑山羊種羊選育技術(shù)規(guī)范

ICS65.020.30

CCSB43

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DB43/T2410—2022

湘東黑山羊種羊選育技術(shù)規(guī)范

TechnicalspecificationforbreedingofXiangdongblackgoat

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實(shí)施

湖南省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2410—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4基礎(chǔ)群組建············································································································1

5種羊選擇···············································································································1

5.1種羊選留·········································································································1

5.2初生羔羊的選擇································································································2

5.36月齡羔羊的選擇······························································································2

5.4周歲種羊的選擇································································································2

5.5初配后的選擇···································································································2

5.6基因型選擇······································································································2

5.7后裔測(cè)定與遺傳評(píng)估··························································································2

5.8種羊淘汰·········································································································2

6種羊選配···············································································································2

7種羊培育···············································································································2

7.1羔羊的培育······································································································2

7.2后備種羊的培育································································································3

7.3公羊管理·········································································································3

7.4種羊保健·········································································································3

8等級(jí)綜合評(píng)定·········································································································3

8.1評(píng)定時(shí)間和要求································································································3

8.2評(píng)定內(nèi)容和方法································································································3

8.3綜合評(píng)定·········································································································3

9免疫防疫···············································································································3

10檔案管理··············································································································4

附錄A（規(guī)范性）湘東黑山羊種羊鑒定··········································································5

A.1體型外貌評(píng)定···································································································5

A.2綜合等級(jí)評(píng)定···································································································5

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································6

I

DB43/T2410—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)歸口。

本文件起草單位：瀏陽(yáng)市農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)展事務(wù)中心、湖南省畜牧獸醫(yī)研究所、瀏陽(yáng)市動(dòng)物疫病預(yù)防控制中

心、瀏陽(yáng)市瀏安農(nóng)業(yè)科技綜合開發(fā)有限公司、安化縣梅城鎮(zhèn)農(nóng)業(yè)綜合服務(wù)中心、寧鄉(xiāng)市動(dòng)植物疫病預(yù)防

控制中心。

本文件主要起草人：李安定、李昊幫、江為民、伍國(guó)強(qiáng)、宋武、趙曉、陳莎、張佰忠、張祖標(biāo)、王

承義、孫鏖、趙琴、吳光榮、張莉、浣成、陳文、胡偉、陶楚男、王曉娟、羅璋、焦三忠、郭佑勛、

羅專、周元中。

III

DB43/T2410—2022

湘東黑山羊種羊選育技術(shù)規(guī)范

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了湘東黑山羊種羊選育的基礎(chǔ)群組建、種羊選擇、種羊選配、種羊培育、等級(jí)綜合評(píng)定、

免疫防疫、檔案管理等內(nèi)容。

本文件適用于湘東黑山羊種羊的選擇和培育。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅

該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。

GB/T40184畜禽基因組選擇育種技術(shù)規(guī)程

NY810湘東黑山羊

NY/T1872種羊遺傳評(píng)估技術(shù)規(guī)范

NY/T3453家畜遺傳資源保種場(chǎng)保種技術(shù)規(guī)范第4部分：綿羊、山羊

DB43/T634畜禽水產(chǎn)養(yǎng)殖檔案記錄規(guī)范

DB43/T1196規(guī)模山羊場(chǎng)免疫技術(shù)規(guī)程

DB43/T1518肉用種山羊性能測(cè)定技術(shù)規(guī)程

DB43/T1527湘東黑山羊飼養(yǎng)管理技術(shù)規(guī)范

DB43/T1528山羊寄生蟲病防制技術(shù)規(guī)程

DB43/T1764湘東黑山羊繁育技術(shù)規(guī)程

DB43/T2221湘東黑山羊羔羊早期斷奶技術(shù)規(guī)程

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

本文件沒(méi)有需要界定的術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義。

4基礎(chǔ)群組建

4.1基礎(chǔ)群個(gè)體品種特征特性應(yīng)符合NY810的規(guī)定。

4.2保種場(chǎng)種母羊?yàn)槎?jí)及以上，種公羊?yàn)樘丶?jí)和一級(jí)，家系數(shù)量要求應(yīng)符合NY/T3453的規(guī)定；保

種戶（點(diǎn)）基礎(chǔ)群二級(jí)及以上的種母羊50只以上，三代之內(nèi)無(wú)親緣關(guān)系特級(jí)和一級(jí)的種公羊2只以上。

5種羊選擇

5.1種羊選留

種羊選留包括初生羔羊、6月齡羔羊、周歲種羊、初配后的選擇，輔以基因型選擇、后裔測(cè)定與遺

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DB43/T2410—2022

傳評(píng)估，評(píng)定合格的留用，不合格的淘汰。

5.2初生羔羊的選擇

對(duì)一級(jí)以上母羊所產(chǎn)公羔、二級(jí)以上母羊所產(chǎn)母羔，選擇體質(zhì)結(jié)實(shí)、結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱、品種特征明顯，并

且公羔初生重不低于1.8kg、母羔不低于1.5kg的羔羊進(jìn)行登記，佩戴耳標(biāo)，不合格的淘汰。

5.36月齡羔羊的選擇

對(duì)選留的羔羊進(jìn)行第二次選擇，主要對(duì)體型外貌特征和體重體尺進(jìn)行評(píng)定，公羊符合一級(jí)及以上和

母羊符合二級(jí)及以上的留用，不合格的淘汰。

5.4周歲種羊的選擇

5.4.1對(duì)選留的后備種羊進(jìn)行第三次選擇，公羊符合一級(jí)及以上和母羊符合二級(jí)及以上的留用，不合

格的淘汰。

5.4.2公羊檢查生殖器、射精量和精液質(zhì)量，母羊檢查乳房和生殖道發(fā)育是否良好，符合條件的留用，

不合格的淘汰。

5.5初配后的選擇

對(duì)后備種公羊、母羊在初配后進(jìn)行第四次選擇，主要檢查種公羊配種能力、精液品質(zhì)等，母羊產(chǎn)羔

數(shù)、護(hù)仔能力、奶水情況等。經(jīng)評(píng)定合格的留用，不合格的淘汰。

5.6基因型選擇

有條件的種羊場(chǎng)，可開展基因型測(cè)定輔助選擇，按照GB/T40184的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

5.7后裔測(cè)定與遺傳評(píng)估

按照NY/T1872的規(guī)定開展種公羊后裔測(cè)定，對(duì)種羊經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀遺傳程度進(jìn)行評(píng)估選擇。

5.8種羊淘汰

5.8.1按照DB43/T1518的規(guī)定進(jìn)行種公羊繁殖性能測(cè)定，對(duì)精液質(zhì)量（射精量、精子活力、精子密

度、精子畸形率）不合格的，以及對(duì)6歲以上和評(píng)定等級(jí)不合格的公羊及時(shí)淘汰。

5.8.2對(duì)連續(xù)流產(chǎn)、產(chǎn)死胎2次以上，或者連續(xù)2年不產(chǎn)羔、6歲以上和評(píng)定等級(jí)不合格的母羊及時(shí)

淘汰。

5.8.3對(duì)6歲以上的種公羊和母羊，以生產(chǎn)性能和繁殖性能要求為準(zhǔn)，視具體情況可適當(dāng)放寬淘汰年齡。

6種羊選配

6.1按照避免近親、同質(zhì)選配、公羊等級(jí)高于母羊，均衡各家系配種數(shù)量的原則進(jìn)行種羊選配。

6.2保種場(chǎng)的選配方式應(yīng)符合NY/T3453的規(guī)定；保種戶（點(diǎn)）宜按照DB43/T1764的規(guī)定執(zhí)行。

7種羊培育

7.1羔羊的培育

7.1.1羔羊在產(chǎn)后30min內(nèi)吃到初乳。合理安排哺乳時(shí)間，保證羔羊吃到充足的母乳。

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DB43/T2410—2022

7.1.2羔羊出生后7日齡～14日齡，對(duì)其進(jìn)行誘食優(yōu)質(zhì)青干草或羔羊料。

7.1.3羔羊14日齡后用羔羊料進(jìn)行早期補(bǔ)飼，補(bǔ)飼量按羔羊體重逐漸增加，補(bǔ)飼方法為少喂勤添，定

時(shí)、定量、定點(diǎn)，保證食槽和飲水清潔衛(wèi)生；自然哺乳70日齡斷奶重不低于10kg。

7.1.4羔羊早期斷奶應(yīng)符合DB43/T2221的規(guī)定。

7.2后備種羊的培育

7.2.1實(shí)行公母分類、大小分群方法飼養(yǎng)。

7.2.2日常飼養(yǎng)管理應(yīng)符合DB43/T1527的規(guī)定。

7.3公羊管理

7.3.1常年保持中上等膘情，健壯、活潑、精力充沛、性欲旺盛，精液品質(zhì)優(yōu)良。

7.3.2專人負(fù)責(zé)管理，單獨(dú)組群或放牧；經(jīng)常觀察采食、飲水、運(yùn)動(dòng)及糞尿的排泄等情況，保持飼料、

飲水、環(huán)境的清潔衛(wèi)生；注意配種頻率。

7.4種羊保健

飼養(yǎng)管理和繁育等日常保健應(yīng)符合DB43/T1527和DB43/T1764的規(guī)定。

8等級(jí)綜合評(píng)定

8.1評(píng)定時(shí)間和要求

8.1.1全年進(jìn)行等級(jí)評(píng)定，評(píng)定時(shí)間分為6月齡、周歲和成年羊3次。

8.1.2凡體型外貌特征不符合NY810規(guī)定的，或有明顯凹背、凹腰、弓背、弓腰，或單睪、隱睪、睪

丸發(fā)良不全的公羊，以及陰戶和乳房發(fā)育不全的母羊，綜合評(píng)定為公羊二級(jí)以下、母羊三級(jí)以下。

8.2評(píng)定內(nèi)容和方法

8.2.1體型外貌評(píng)定。按照附錄A.1方法進(jìn)行評(píng)定等級(jí)。

8.2.2體重體尺測(cè)定。按照NY810的規(guī)定評(píng)定體重和體尺（體高、體長(zhǎng)、胸圍）等級(jí)。

8.2.3繁殖性能測(cè)定。初產(chǎn)母羊胎產(chǎn)2羔以上者為特級(jí)和一級(jí)，產(chǎn)1羔者為二級(jí)和三級(jí)。經(jīng)產(chǎn)母羊按

產(chǎn)羔數(shù)最高的胎次定級(jí)，產(chǎn)3羔及以上者為特級(jí)，產(chǎn)2羔者為一級(jí)和二級(jí)，產(chǎn)1羔者為三級(jí)。初產(chǎn)和經(jīng)

產(chǎn)2羔的母羊，有弱羔的按低等級(jí)評(píng)定。

8.3綜合評(píng)定

8.3.1按照體型外貌、體重體尺和繁殖性能的單項(xiàng)評(píng)定等級(jí)綜合評(píng)定出總評(píng)等級(jí)，見(jiàn)附錄A.2。

8.3.2經(jīng)評(píng)定選留的種羊，應(yīng)按DB43/T1764的要求進(jìn)行登記。

9免疫防疫

9.1種羊的免疫應(yīng)符合DB43/T1196的規(guī)定。

9.2寄生蟲病防制應(yīng)符合DB43/T1528的規(guī)定。

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DB43/T2410—2022

10檔案管理

10.1養(yǎng)殖檔案記錄應(yīng)符合DB43/T634的規(guī)定。

10.2種羊標(biāo)識(shí)和養(yǎng)殖檔案管理按《畜禽標(biāo)識(shí)和養(yǎng)殖檔案管理辦法》執(zhí)行。

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附錄A

（規(guī)范性）

湘東黑山羊種羊鑒定

A.1體型外貌評(píng)定

體型外貌評(píng)定方法見(jiàn)表A.1。

表A.1體型外貌評(píng)定表

評(píng)分

部位鑒定要求

公羊母羊

整體結(jié)構(gòu)體質(zhì)結(jié)實(shí)，結(jié)構(gòu)勻稱，體軀發(fā)育良好。被毛全黑有光澤，皮膚呈青緞色。2525

頭小而清秀，眼大有神，額面微突起，鼻梁稍隆，頸細(xì)長(zhǎng)。耳小斜立。公、

頭頸部母羊均有角，角呈扁三角錐形。公羊角向后兩側(cè)伸展，呈鐮刀狀。母羊角短2525

小，向上、向外斜伸，呈倒“八”字形。

胸部較窄，后軀較前軀發(fā)達(dá)。公羊鬐甲部稍高于十字部，背腰平直，雄性特

體軀部征明顯。母羊鬐甲部低于十字部，腰部稍凹陷。四肢端正，蹄質(zhì)堅(jiān)實(shí)。尾短2525

上翹。

生殖器官母羊乳房發(fā)育良好，乳頭大小適中。公羊睪丸對(duì)稱，發(fā)育良好，附睪明顯。2525

合計(jì)——100100

分級(jí)特級(jí)100～90，一級(jí)89～80，二級(jí)79～70，三級(jí)69～60。

A.2綜合等級(jí)評(píng)定

綜合等級(jí)評(píng)定方法見(jiàn)表A.2。

表A.2綜合等級(jí)評(píng)定表

特特特特特特特特特特一一一一一一二二二三

體型外貌單項(xiàng)

體重體尺評(píng)定特特特特一一一二二三一一一二二三二二三三

繁殖性能等級(jí)

特一二三一二三二三三一二三二三三二三三三

總評(píng)等級(jí)特特一二一一二二二三一一二二二三二二三三

5

DB43/T2410—2022

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1]畜禽標(biāo)識(shí)和養(yǎng)殖檔案管理辦法(中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)業(yè)部令第67號(hào))

6

DB43/T2410—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4基礎(chǔ)群組建············································································································1

5種羊選擇···············································································································1

5.1種羊選留·········································································································1

5.2初生羔羊的選擇································································································2

5.36月齡羔羊的選擇······························································································2

5.4周歲種羊的選擇································································································2

5.5初配后的選擇···································································································2

5.6基因型選擇······································································································2

5.7后裔測(cè)定與遺傳評(píng)估··························································································2

5.8種羊淘汰·········································································································2

6種羊選配···············································································································2

7種羊培育···············································································································2

7.1羔羊的培育······································································································2

7.2后備種羊的培育································································································3

7.3公羊管理·········································································································3

7.4種羊保健·········································································································3

8等級(jí)綜合評(píng)定·········································································································3

8.1評(píng)定時(shí)間和要求································································································3

8.2評(píng)定內(nèi)容和方法································································································3

8.3綜合評(píng)定·········································································································3

9免疫防疫···············································································································3

10檔案管理··············································································································4

附錄A（規(guī)范性）湘東黑山羊種羊鑒定··········································································5

A.1體型外貌評(píng)定···································································································5

A.2綜合等級(jí)評(píng)定···································································································5

參考文獻(xiàn)····················································································································6

I

DB43/T2410—2022