DB43-T 2414-2022江永香芋栽培技術(shù)規(guī)程

ICS67.080

CCSB31

43

湖南省地方標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

DB43/T2414—2022

江永香芋栽培技術(shù)規(guī)程

TechnicalregulationofcultivationforJiangyongfragrant-taro

2022-07-08發(fā)布2022-10-08實(shí)施

湖南省市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局發(fā)布

DB43/T2414—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5整地施肥···············································································································2

6種芋選擇···············································································································2

7種植·····················································································································2

8田間管理···············································································································3

9病蟲(chóng)害防控············································································································4

10收獲····················································································································5

11運(yùn)輸和貯藏···········································································································5

12廢棄物處理···········································································································5

13生產(chǎn)記錄檔案········································································································5

附錄A（規(guī)范性）江永香芋主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)藥劑防治························································7

附錄B（資料性）江永香芋田間生產(chǎn)記錄·······································································8

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DB43/T2414—2022

前言

本文件按照GB/T1.1—2020《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化工作導(dǎo)則第1部分：標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化文件的結(jié)構(gòu)和起草規(guī)則》的規(guī)

定起草。

請(qǐng)注意本文件的某些內(nèi)容可能涉及專(zhuān)利。本文件的發(fā)布機(jī)構(gòu)不承擔(dān)識(shí)別專(zhuān)利的責(zé)任。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村廳提出。

本文件由湖南省農(nóng)業(yè)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化技術(shù)委員會(huì)歸口。

本文件起草單位：江永縣人民政府、江永縣市場(chǎng)監(jiān)督管理局、江永縣農(nóng)業(yè)農(nóng)村局、湖南正智標(biāo)準(zhǔn)咨

詢(xún)有限公司。

本文件主要起草人：陳小明、蔣麗君、黃紅靈、黃野、劉健、蔣云祥、何增榮、何瑩、歐暉、張微

歡、蔣善才、何源委、蔣仁輝、李勝。

III

DB43/T2414—2022

江永香芋栽培技術(shù)規(guī)程

1范圍

本文件規(guī)定了江永香芋的產(chǎn)地環(huán)境、整地施肥、種芋選擇、種植、田間管理、病蟲(chóng)害防控、收獲、

運(yùn)輸和貯藏、廢棄物處理和生產(chǎn)記錄檔案。

本文件適用于江永香芋的栽培。

2規(guī)范性引用文件

下列文件中的內(nèi)容通過(guò)文中的規(guī)范性引用而構(gòu)成本文件必不可少的條款。其中，注日期的引用文件，僅

該日期對(duì)應(yīng)的版本適用于本文件；不注日期的引用文件，其最新版本（包括所有的修改單）適用于本文件。

GB5084農(nóng)田灌溉水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

GB/T8321（所有部分）農(nóng)藥合理使用準(zhǔn)則

NY/T391綠色食品產(chǎn)地環(huán)境質(zhì)量

NY/T496肥料合理使用準(zhǔn)則

NY/T1056綠色食品貯藏運(yùn)輸準(zhǔn)則

NY/T1276農(nóng)藥安全使用規(guī)范

AGI2008-07-00078中華人民共和國(guó)農(nóng)產(chǎn)品地理標(biāo)志質(zhì)量控制技術(shù)規(guī)范江永香芋

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義

下列術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義適用于本文件。

3.1

江永香芋

國(guó)家農(nóng)業(yè)部農(nóng)產(chǎn)品地理標(biāo)志，湖南省永州市江永縣特色農(nóng)產(chǎn)品。球莖紡錘，皮黃褐色，形似檳榔，

有暗紅色老斑和須毛；成熟度高，橫切面有密布的紫色，暗紅色絲狀紋斑的香芋。

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境

4.1產(chǎn)地選擇

產(chǎn)地環(huán)境應(yīng)符合NY/T391的規(guī)定。

4.2土壤選擇

前茬為水稻或非天南星科作物，實(shí)行芋稻輪作換茬2年以上，香芋忌重茬。

4.3產(chǎn)地范圍

加注農(nóng)產(chǎn)品地理標(biāo)志“江永香芋”的產(chǎn)地范圍應(yīng)符合AGI2008-07-00078的要求。

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5整地施肥

5.1翻耕曬垡

前茬水稻收獲后于冬前將土壤深翻耕20cm～25cm，曬垡凍垡。

5.2施基肥

5.2.1旱栽田

每667m2施充分腐熟的農(nóng)家肥2000kg或商品有機(jī)肥200kg，15-15-15硫酸鉀復(fù)合肥50kg，整

地時(shí)每667m2施生石灰50kg～70kg。

5.2.2水栽田

每667m2施充分腐熟的農(nóng)家肥2000kg或商品有機(jī)肥200kg。整地時(shí)每667m2施生石灰50kg～

70kg。

5.3整地

5.3.1旱栽田

深翻起壟，單行栽種畦寬50cm～60cm、畦高40cm～45cm，溝寬35cm～40cm；雙行栽種畦寬

100cm～120cm、畦高40cm～45cm、溝寬40cm～45cm，畦面整平耙細(xì)。

5.3.2水栽田

移栽前1天或當(dāng)天，水耕水整。

6種芋選擇

6.1旱栽田

選擇具有外觀圓柱形、表皮棕黃色、形態(tài)端正、個(gè)頭均勻、芽頭飽滿(mǎn)、無(wú)病蟲(chóng)斑、未受機(jī)械損傷的

健壯仔芋作種芋。每667m2用種芋100kg～150kg。

6.2水栽田

選擇上年香芋生長(zhǎng)良好的香芋田，用遺留在田間的子芋作種芋直接培育種苗。

7種植

7.1種植時(shí)期

7.1.1旱栽田

2月下旬～3月下旬選晴天種植，最遲3月底完成。

7.1.2水栽田

3月下旬至4月中旬，選取葉齡達(dá)2葉～3葉的芋苗移栽。

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7.2種植密度

7.2.1旱栽田

單畦單行種植株距30cm～35cm，每667m2栽種1500株～1600株；單畦雙行錯(cuò)位栽種，行距50cm～

60cm，株距35cm～40cm，每667m2栽種1800株～2000株。

7.2.2水栽田

行距110cm～120cm，株距25cm～30cm，每667m2栽種2000株～2200株。

7.3種植方法

7.3.1旱栽田

定植前用甲霜靈錳鋅500倍液浸種5分鐘后晾干備用。挖穴種植，穴深20cm～25cm，種芋芽頭

朝上放置穴內(nèi)，覆土5cm左右，覆蓋地膜，四周壓緊實(shí)。

7.3.2水栽田

選擇長(zhǎng)勢(shì)旺盛、大小一致、無(wú)病害種苗種植，根據(jù)密度拉繩插栽，定植深度10cm～15cm；定植

后15d左右開(kāi)行溝起壟，溝寬30cm～35cm，溝深20cm～25cm。

8田間管理

8.1查苗補(bǔ)栽

8.1.1旱栽田

當(dāng)香芋芽鞘出土?xí)r，及時(shí)破膜引苗，并定植口處蓋土壓膜。當(dāng)大部分幼苗出土后，對(duì)少部分不出芽

的及時(shí)補(bǔ)栽。

8.1.2水栽田

檢查種苗成活情況，及時(shí)補(bǔ)苗。

8.2中耕除草

香芋生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中，結(jié)合中耕培土除草2次～3次。

8.3施肥培土

8.3.1施肥原則

以有機(jī)肥為主，化學(xué)肥料為輔，選用肥料應(yīng)符合NY/T496規(guī)定。采用少量多次施肥方法，香芋生

長(zhǎng)前期，以高氮復(fù)合肥為主，香芋生長(zhǎng)中后期，以高鉀復(fù)合肥為主。

8.3.2旱栽田

芋苗2葉齡時(shí)，每667m2施尿素20kg，將地膜揭開(kāi)或清除后，在芋株間溝施，及時(shí)覆土；芋苗5

葉齡時(shí)，每667m2溝施45％（N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15）硫酸鉀復(fù)合肥30kg；之后每20d結(jié)合中耕培土

每667m2施45％（N∶P∶K=15∶15∶15）硫酸鉀復(fù)合肥30kg。培土厚度10cm～13cm，并及時(shí)去除

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露出地面的子芋苗及母莖上的老葉和病葉。

8.3.3水栽田

插栽后5d～7d每667m2撒施尿素10kg；插栽后1個(gè)月左右結(jié)合培土溝施每667m2撒施45％

（15-15-15）硫酸鉀復(fù)合肥20kg。以后每隔20d左右，結(jié)合培土溝施45％（15-15-15）硫酸鉀復(fù)合

肥25kg。

8.4水分管理

8.4.1旱栽田

前期保持田間濕潤(rùn)，發(fā)棵期和結(jié)芋膨大期要保持溝內(nèi)淺水，成熟期排水保持濕潤(rùn)。

8.4.2水栽田

插栽后，宜保持田塊淺水。培土起壟后，保持溝內(nèi)淺水即可。

8.4.3用水要求

灌溉用水應(yīng)符合GB5084要求。

9病蟲(chóng)害防控

9.1防控原則

按照“預(yù)防為主，綜合防治”的原則，優(yōu)先采用農(nóng)業(yè)防治、生物防治、物理防治等防治措施，合理

使用化學(xué)藥物防治。農(nóng)藥的使用應(yīng)符合GB/T8321和NY/T1276的要求。

9.2江永香芋病蟲(chóng)害

主要病害：芋疫病、芋軟腐病。

主要蟲(chóng)害：?jiǎn)尉€天娥、斜紋夜蛾、蚜蟲(chóng)。

9.3農(nóng)業(yè)防治

實(shí)行稻芋輪作，避免連作；合理密植；選擇有機(jī)質(zhì)含量較高、排灌良好的沙壤土；精選無(wú)病害芋種，

加強(qiáng)栽培管理，促使長(zhǎng)勢(shì)健壯，提高株體自身抗病蟲(chóng)能力，降低發(fā)病率。

9.4物理防治

人工捕捉害蟲(chóng)，摘除害蟲(chóng)卵塊，挖除香芋病株，集中田外銷(xiāo)毀。用銀灰色地膜和遮陽(yáng)網(wǎng)驅(qū)蚜、懸掛

黃色黏蟲(chóng)板或黃色機(jī)油板誘殺、田間安裝殺蟲(chóng)燈和布設(shè)性誘捕器等方式誘殺害蟲(chóng)。

9.5生物防治

選用芽胞桿菌類(lèi)、核多角體病毒等生物源藥劑進(jìn)行防治。

9.6化學(xué)防治

江永香芋病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)藥劑防治見(jiàn)附錄A的表A1。

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10收獲

10.1采收時(shí)期

11月至翌年4月采收。

10.2采收方法

選擇晴天人工采收，先將地上母芋莖葉刮除，用镢頭或鐵锨沿著壟的一側(cè)順勢(shì)刨取，一次以刨取一

株為宜。避免傷到母芋及旁邊仔芋。芋頭取出后，除去芋莖（莖長(zhǎng)保留5cm左右），去掉根系、子芋和

泥土，分級(jí)裝袋。

10.3留種

應(yīng)選擇病蟲(chóng)害未發(fā)生或較輕的大田區(qū)域作為種芋選留小區(qū)，根據(jù)仔芋地莖粗度預(yù)判質(zhì)量大小，將無(wú)

病蟲(chóng)為害、無(wú)創(chuàng)傷、形態(tài)端正、質(zhì)量在40g～100g的仔芋就地貯藏或室內(nèi)濕潤(rùn)保溫貯藏。

11運(yùn)輸和貯藏

11.1運(yùn)輸

運(yùn)輸工具應(yīng)清潔、干燥、有防雨設(shè)施。嚴(yán)禁與有毒有害、有腐蝕性、有異味的物品混運(yùn)。運(yùn)輸過(guò)程

還應(yīng)符合NY/T1056要求。

11.2貯藏

分層豎放于陰涼、通風(fēng)、清潔、衛(wèi)生的室內(nèi)，或貯藏于7℃～10℃、相對(duì)濕度為80％～90％的地

窖內(nèi)，或集中于田間淺貯。貯藏過(guò)程還應(yīng)符合NY/T1056要求。

12廢棄物處理

生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的農(nóng)藥和肥料等農(nóng)業(yè)投入品廢棄物，及時(shí)收集并帶離生產(chǎn)區(qū)集中進(jìn)行無(wú)害化處理。

13生產(chǎn)記錄檔案

13.1投入品使用記錄

及時(shí)詳細(xì)記錄農(nóng)藥、化肥等投入品的使用，包括施用時(shí)間、品名及劑型、用量、方法等內(nèi)容。記載

方法、內(nèi)容見(jiàn)附錄B的表B1。

13.2生產(chǎn)操作記錄

如實(shí)記錄生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中的各項(xiàng)農(nóng)事操作時(shí)間、地塊、措施及方法、效果等內(nèi)容。記載方法、內(nèi)容見(jiàn)附

錄B的表B2。

13.3物候期記錄

對(duì)香芋全生育期中的各個(gè)物候期，如播種期、發(fā)芽期、齊苗期、芋鞭發(fā)生期、子芋發(fā)生期、地下球

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莖膨大期（始期、高峰期、末期）、球莖成熟期、發(fā)芽至成熟（d）、高于12℃的有效積溫（℃）、總?cè)~

片數(shù)（片）等須詳細(xì)記載，記載方法見(jiàn)附錄B的表B3。

13.4檔案保存

各項(xiàng)生產(chǎn)記錄在生產(chǎn)周期結(jié)束后及時(shí)歸檔，檔案保存2年以上。

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附錄A

（規(guī)范性）

江永香芋主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)藥劑防治

表A.1江永香芋主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)藥劑防治

最多連續(xù)安全間隔期

防治對(duì)象農(nóng)藥名稱(chēng)使用方法

使用次數(shù)（d）

80％烯酰嗎啉20g/667m2～25g/667m2噴霧3≥7

250克/升嘧菌酯45ml/667m2～60ml/667m2噴霧3≥7

687.5克/升氟菌·霜霉威75ml/667m2～100ml/667m2噴霧3≥7

24％精甲霜靈·烯酰嗎啉100ml/667m2～150ml/667m2噴霧3≥7

芋疫病

30％氟吡菌胺·甲霜靈40g/667m2～60g/667m2噴霧3≥7

75％百菌清可濕性粉劑600倍液噴霧3≥10

50％克攻丹可濕性粉劑500倍液噴霧3≥7

波爾多液（0.7∶1∶100）150kg/667m2噴霧3≥5

20％噻森銅300倍～500倍液噴霧3≥7

芋軟腐病

40％噻唑鋅600倍～800倍液噴淋或噴霧3≥7

5％卡死克乳油1500倍液噴霧3≥10

單線天娥5％抑太保乳油2000倍液噴霧3≥7

2.5％溴氰菊酯乳油2000倍液噴霧3≥10

5％甲氨基阿維菌素苯甲酸鹽10g/667m2～15g/667m2噴霧3≥10

0.3％苦參堿250ml/667m2～376ml/667m2噴霧3≥10

1.8％阿維菌素45ml/667m2～50ml/667m2噴霧3≥10

斜紋夜蛾100億孢子/毫升短穩(wěn)桿菌200ml/667m2～300ml/667m2噴霧3≥10

5％卡死克乳油1500倍液噴霧3≥10

5％抑太保乳油2000倍液噴霧3≥7

20％速滅殺丁乳油2000倍液噴霧3≥5

5％卡死克乳油1500倍液噴霧3≥10

蚜蟲(chóng)20％速滅殺丁乳油2000倍液噴霧3≥7

40％樂(lè)果乳油1000倍液噴霧3≥7

7

DB43/T2414—2022

附錄B

（資料性）

江永香芋田間生產(chǎn)記錄

表B.1投入品使用記錄

丘塊名稱(chēng)面積（667m2）品種

使用日期

序號(hào)品名劑型生產(chǎn)廠家用量施用方法效果記載人

（月、日）

1

2

……

a根據(jù)投入品順序逐項(xiàng)記載。

b用量為每667m2用量，化肥計(jì)量單位用kg，農(nóng)藥計(jì)量單位用g或ml。

表B.2生產(chǎn)操作記錄

丘塊名稱(chēng)面積（667m2）品種

土壤種類(lèi)及操作日期

序號(hào)操作內(nèi)容與方法完成情況及效果記載人

肥力、前作（月、日）

1

2

表B.3物候期記錄

丘塊名稱(chēng)面積（667m2）品種

＞12℃

芋鞭子芽地下球莖膨大期（月、日）球莖發(fā)芽至總?cè)~

播種期發(fā)芽期齊苗期的有效

發(fā)生期發(fā)生期成熟期成熟片數(shù)記載人

（月、日）（月、日）（月、日）積溫

（月、日）（月、日）始期高峰期末期（月、日）（d）（片）

（℃）

8

DB43/T2414—2022

目次

前言························································································································Ⅲ

1范圍·····················································································································1

2規(guī)范性引用文件······································································································1

3術(shù)語(yǔ)和定義············································································································1

4產(chǎn)地環(huán)境···············································································································1

5整地施肥···············································································································2

6種芋選擇···············································································································2

7種植·····················································································································2

8田間管理···············································································································3

9病蟲(chóng)害防控············································································································4

10收獲····················································································································5

11運(yùn)輸和貯藏···········································································································5

12廢棄物處理···········································································································5

13生產(chǎn)記錄檔案········································································································5

附錄A（規(guī)范性）江永香芋主要病蟲(chóng)害化學(xué)藥劑防治·····················································