2003年職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級試題及答案

2003年職稱英語等級考試?yán)砉ゎ怋級試題及答案第一部分：詞匯選項(xiàng)（第1—15題，每題1分，共15分）

下面共有15個(gè)句子，每個(gè)句子中均有1個(gè)詞或短語畫有底橫線，請從每個(gè)句子后面所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)與畫線部分意義最相近的詞或短語。答案一律涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。1.Thehigh-speedtrainscanhaveamajorimpactontravelpreferences.

AforceBinfluence

CsurpriseDpower2.Canyoufollowtheplot?

AchangeBinvestigate

CwriteDunderstand3.Eveninahighlymodernizedcountry,manualworkisstillneeded.

AphysicalBmental

CnaturalDhard4.Inthelattercasetheoutcomecanbeseriousindeed.

AresultBjudgment

CdecisionDevent5.NormanBlameyisanartistofdeepconvictions.

AstatementsBbeliefs

CsuggestionsDclaims6.Uptonow,theworkhasbeeneasy.

ASoBSolong

CSothatDSofar7.Thereportadvocatedsettingupdaytrainingcolleges.

AsupposedBexcited

CsuggestedDdiscussed8.Accordingly,anumberofothermethodshavebeenemployed.

AThereforeBAfterwards

CHoweverDFurthermore9.Theoutlookfromthetopofthemountainisbreathtaking.

AviewBsight

ClookDpoint10.Ourlivesareintimatelyboundupwiththeirs.

AtenselyBnearly

CcarefullyDclosely11.Theunionrepresentativeputacrossherargumentveryeffectively.

AexplainedBinvented

CconsideredDaccepted12.Hetalkstoughbuthasatenderheart.

AheavyBstrong

CkindDwild13.Itisnousedebatingtherelativemeritsofthispolicy.

AmakingBtaking

CdiscussingDexpecting14.Ourstatisticsshowthatweconsumeallthatwearecapableofproducing.

AwasteBbuy

CuseDsell15.Thefueltankshadacapacityof140liters.

AfunctionBability

CpowerDvolume第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16—22題，每題1分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出了7個(gè)句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對每個(gè)句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯(cuò)誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果該句的信息文章中沒有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。TheThreattoKiribatiThepeopleofKiribatiareafraidthatonedayinthenot-too-distantfuture,theircountrywilldisappearfromthefaceoftheearth-literally.Severaltimesthisyear,thePacificislandnationhasbeenfloodedbyasuddenhightide.Thesetides,whichsweptacrosstheislandanddestroyedhouses,camewhentherewasneitherwindnorrain.“Thisneverhappenedbefore,”saytheoldercitizensofKiribati.

Whatiscausingthesemysterioushightides?Theanswermaywellbeglobalwarming.Whenfuelslikeoilandcoalarebeingburned,pollutants(污染物)arereleased;thesepollutantstrapheatintheearth’satmosphere.Warmertemperaturescausewatertoexpandandalsocreatemorewaterbymeltingglaciers(冰川)andpolar(極地的)icecaps.

Ifthetrendcontinues,scientistssay,manycountrieswillsuffer,Bangladesh,forexample,mightloseone-fifthofitsland.Thecoral(珊瑚)islandnationsofthePacific,likeKiribatiandtheMarshallIslands,however,wouldfaceanevenworsefate–theywouldbeswallowedbythesea.Thelossofthesecoralislandswouldbeeveryone’sloss.Coralformationsarehometomorespeciesthananyotherplaceonearth.

Thepeopleofthesenationsfeelfrustrated.Thesea,onwhichtheireconomieshavealwaysbeenbased,issuddenlythreateningtheirexistence.Theydon’thavethemoneyforexpensivetechnologicalsolutionslikeseawalls.Andtheyhavenocontroloverthepollutants,whicharebeingreleasedmainlybyactivitiesinlargeindustrializedcountries.Alltheycandoistohopethatindustrializedcountrieswilltakestepstoreducepollution.16.ThepeopleofKiribatiworrythatonedaytheircountrywillbetakenawaybyasuddenhightide.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned17.HightidesusedtoattackKiribatiwhentherewasstrongwindorheavyrain.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned18.Theheatreleasedbyburningoilandcoalisthedirectcauseofglobalwarming.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned19.Scientistsarenotsurehowserioustheeffectsofglobalwarmingwillbe.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned20.ThecoralislandnationsofthePacifichavealonghistoryofcivilization.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned21.Thepeopleofthecoralislandnationsareunabletodoanythingsubstantialabouttheproblemofglobalwarming.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned22.Someindustrializedcountriesareunwillingtospendmoneyinreducingpollution.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned第3部分：概括大意與完成句子（第23—30題，每題1分，共8分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后有2項(xiàng)測試任務(wù)：（1）第23—26題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中為第2、3、5和6段每段選擇1個(gè)正確的小標(biāo)題；（2）第27—30題要求從所給的6個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇4個(gè)正確選項(xiàng)，分別完成每個(gè)句子。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。Robots1Themostsophisticated(先進(jìn)的)Japaneserobots,whichhavevisionsystemsandworkatveryhighspeeds,arestillbasedonAmericandesigns.Studiesofrobots,particularlycomputercontrolsoftware,areconsideredtobegenerallylessadvancedinJapanthaninAmericaorEurope.

2Althoughindustrialrobotswereoriginallydevelopedasdevicesforsimplyhandlingobjects,todaytheircommonestusesareformoreskilledworklikewelding(焊接),spray-paintingandassemblingcomponents.

3InBritain,robotsalesappropriatelypeakedin1984,buthavebeendecliningeversince.ThisispartlybecauseBritishwageratesaretoolowtomakerobotsfinanciallyattractiveandpartlybecauseengineersnowhavemoreexperiencewithrobotsandaremoreawareofthedifficultiesofintroducingthemeffectively.

4Ithasbeencalculatedthatarobotusesonaverageabout100timesmoreenergythanahumantodoanequivalentjob.

5Itisestimatedthat20%ofallcomicbookheroesinJapanarerobots.ThisisanenormousnumberbecausecomicsaresopopularthattheymakeupathirdofallmaterialpublishedinJapan.

6ThereliabilityofrobotsismeasuredintheirM.T.B.F.ormeantimebetweenfailures.Thishasrisenfromabout250hoursinthemid-1970stoabout10,000hourstoday(equivalenttoworking18hoursadayfortwoyears.)Onewayrobotmanufacturershaveincreasedreliabilityistotesteverysinglecomponenttheybuy,insteadofthenormalprocedureofjusttestingasmallsample.

7ThebiggestsinglebenefitofintroducingrobotsclaimedbyJapanesecompaniesisthattheyincreasequalitycontrol.Onceprogrammed,therobotscanworkmoreaccuratelyandconsistentlythanhumans,whocangettiredandbored.23.Paragraph2_____________

24.Paragraph3_____________

25.Paragraph5_____________

26.Paragraph6_____________

27.EventhemostsophisticatedJapaneserobotsare__________.

28.RobotsarelesspopularinBritaintodaypartlybecause________.

29.Onedisadvantageofusingrobotsisthattheyconsume___________.

30.Theuseofrobotsincreases___________.AtoomuchenergyBbasedonAmericandesignsCtheyaretoocostlyDtheyarenotreliableEqualitycontrolFfreeofcharge第4部分：閱讀理解（第31—45題，每題3分，共45分）

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道題，每道題后面有4個(gè)選項(xiàng)。請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容，從每題所給的4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。第一篇NewFoodsandtheNewWorldInthelast500years,nothingaboutpeople–nottheirclothes,ideas,orlanguages–haschangedasmuchaswhattheyeat.Theoriginalchocolatedrinkwasmadefromtheseedsofthecocatree(可可樹)bySouthAmericanIndians.TheSpanishintroducedittotherestoftheworldduringthe1500’s.Andalthoughitwasveryexpensive,itquicklybecamefashionable.InLondon,shopswherechocolatedrinkswereservedbecameimportantmeetingplaces.Somestillexisttoday.

ThepotatoisalsofromtheNewWorld.Around1600,theSpanishbroughtitfromPerutoEurope,whereitsoonwaswidelygrown.IrelandbecamesodependentonitthatthousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedwhenthecropfailedduringthe“PotatoFamine(饑荒)”of1845-1846,andthousandsmorewereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoAmerica.

TherearemanyotherfoodsthathavetraveledfromSouthAmericatotheOldWorld.Butsomeotherswentintheoppositedirection.Brazilisnowtheworld’slargestgrowerofcoffee,andcoffeeisanimportantcropinColombiaandotherSouthAmericancountries.ButitisnativetoEthiopia,acountryinAfrica.ItwasfirstmadeintoadrinkbyArabduringthe1400’s.

AccordingtoanArabiclegend,coffeewasdiscoveredwhenapersonnameKaldinoticedthathisgoatswereattractedtotheredberriesonacoffeebush.Hetriedoneandexperiencedthe“wide-awake”feelingthatone-thirdoftheworld’spopulationnowstartsthedaywith.31.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowinghaschangedthemostinthelast500years?

A.Food

B.Clothing

C.Ideology.

D.Language.32.“Some”inthelastsentenceofthefirstparagraphrefersto

A.somecocoatrees.

B.somechocolatedrinks.

C.someshops.

D.somesouthamericanindians.33.ThousandsofIrishpeoplestarvedduringthe“PotatoFamine”because

A.theyweresodependentonpotatoesthattheyrefusedtoeatanythingelse.

B.theywereforcedtoleavetheirhomelandandmovetoamerica.

C.theweatherconditionsinirelandwerenotsuitableforgrowingpotatoes.

D.thepotatoharvestwasbad.34.Whichcountryisthelargestcoffeeproducer?

A.Brazil.

B.Colombia.

C.Ethiopia.

D.Egypt.35.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue,accordingtothepassage?

A.Onethirdoftheworld’spopulationdrinkscoffee.

B.CoffeeisnativetoColombia.

C.Coffeecankeeponeawake.

D.CoffeedrinkswerefirstmadebyArabs.第二篇PleaseFastenYourSeatbeltsSevereturbulence(湍流)cankillaircraftpassengers.Now,intestflightsovertheRockyMountains,NASA(美國航空航天局)engineershavesuccessfullydetectedclear-airturbulenceupto10secondsbeforeanaircrafthitsit.

Clear-airturbulenceoftencatchespilotsbysurprise.Invisibletoradar,itisdifficulttoforecastandcanhurl(用力拋出去)passengersaboutthecabin.InDecember1997,onepassengerdiedandahundredotherswereinjuredwhenunexpectedroughaircausedaUnitedAirlinesflightoverthePacifictodrop300metresinafewseconds.

However,passengerscanavoidseriousinjurybyfasteningtheirseatbelts.“Itistheonlyantidote(對策)forthissortofthings,”saysRodBogue,projectmanageratNASA’sDrydenFlightResearchCenterinEdwards,California.

Thecentre’snewturbulencedetectorisbasedonlidar,orlaserradar,Laserpulsesaresentaheadoftheplaneandthesearethenreflectedbackbyparticlesintheair.ThetechniquedependsontheDopplereffect.Thewavelengthofthelightshiftsaccordingtothespeedatwhichtheparticlesareapproaching.Incalmair,thespeedequalstheplane’sairspeed.Butastheparticlesswirl(打漩)inroughair,theirspeedofapproachincreasesordecreasesrapidly.Therateofchangeinspeedcorrespondstotheseverity(激烈程度)oftheturbulence.

Inaseriesofteststhatbeganlastmonth,aresearchjetflewrepeatedlyintodisturbedairoverthemountainridges(山脈)nearPueblo,Colorado.Thelidardetectorspottedturbulencebetween3and8kilometresahead,anditsforecastsofstrengthanddurationcorrespondedcloselywiththeturbulencethattheplaneencountered.

Boguesaysthathehad“acomfortableamountoftime”tofastenhisseatbelt.Theresearchersareplanningtoimprovethelidar’srangewithamorepowerfulbeam.Thesystemcouldbeinstalledoncommercialaircraftinthenextfewyears.36.Whatdoes“clear-airturbulence”probablymean?(Paragraph1)

AAnotveryroughstorm.

BUnexpecteddisturbedair.

CAkindofvisiblestorm.

DAstormovermountainridges.37.InDecember1997,aUnitedAirlinesflighthitunexpectedroughair,

Acausingalotofdamagetotheplane.

Bthrowingitspassengersoutofthecabin.

Cresultinginheavycasualties.

Dforcingthepilottomakeanemergencylanding.38.Theturbulencedetectorcantelltheseverityoftheturbulencebymeasuring

Athespeedoftheplane.

Bthespeedofthelight.

Cthenumberofparticlesintheair.

Dthechangesoftheparticles’speed.39.Wecaninferfromthefifthparagraphthat

Athelidardetectorcansuccessfullyforecastturbulence.

Bresearchersarenotsureabouttheeffectivenessofthelidardetector.

Cpassengerplaneswillbeusedinfurtherexperiments.

Dnomoretestflightsareneeded.40.Thelastparagraphtellsus,amongotherthings,that

Athelidardetectorneedsimprovement.

Bmanyairlinesareinterestedinthesystem.

Cpassengersoftenforgettofastentheirseatbelts.

Dthelidardetectorcanbeusedinawiderangeofareas.

第三篇“Salty”RicePlantBoostsHarvestsBritishscientistsarebreedinganewgenerationofriceplantsthatwillbeabletogrowinsoilcontainingsaltwater.Theirworkmayenableabandonedfarmstobecomeproductiveoncemore.

TimFlowersandTonyYeo,fromSussexUniversity’sSchoolofBiologicalSciences,havespentseveralyearsresearchinghowcrops,suchasrice,couldbemadetogrowinwaterthathasbecomesalty.

Thepairhaverecentlybegunathree-yearprogramme,fundedbytheBiotechnologyandBiologicalSciencesResearchCouncil,toestablishwhichgenesenablesomeplantstosurvivesaltyconditions.Theaimistobreedthiscapabilityintocrops,startingwithrice.

Itisestimatedthateachyearmorethan100hectares(41WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutFlowersandYeoistrue?

ATheyarestudentsatSussexUniversity42FlowersandYeohavestartedaprogramme

Atofindwaystopreventwaterpollution.

Btoidentifygenesthatpromotegrowthinsaltysoil.

Ctobreedriceplantsthattastesalty.

Dtofindwaystoremoveexcessivesaltfromsoil.43WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasacauseoftheproblemdiscussedinthepassage?

ANaturalbarrierstoseawaterhavebeendestroyed.

BThewatertablehasgonedownafterdroughts.

CSealevelhasbeencontinuouslyrising.

DEvaporationofwaterleavessaltbehind.44Theword“affect”inParagraph6couldbebestreplacedby

A“influence”

B“effect”

C“stop”

D“present”45Theattitudeoftheauthortowardstheresearchprojectis

Apositive

Bnegative.

Csuspicious

Dindifferent.第5部分：補(bǔ)全短文（第46—50題，每題2分，共10分）

閱讀下面的短文，文章中有5處空白，文章后面有6組文字，請根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容選擇5組文字，將其分別放回文章原有位置，以恢復(fù)文章原貌。請將答案涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。LookingintotheFuture

BertrandRussell,afamousphilosopher,saidin1944,“Theonethingthestudyofthepastteachesusisthatthefutureisneverhowpeopleimagineitwillbe.”

In1946,physicistspredictedthatwithintwentyyears,mostoftheworld’senergywouldbesuppliedbynuclearpower.__________(46)In1951,afamoussurgeonsaidthatheandhiscolleagueswereconfidentthat“bytheendofthe1950s,acureformostifnotallcancerswillhavebeenfound.”In1954,anAmericaneconomistpredictedAmericanswouldgoongettingricherandricher.___________(47).

Intheyear1969,anautomationengineerworkingforMaxFactorCosmeticsinBritainsaidthat“withintwentyortwenty-fiveyearsfactoriesthattodayemployhundredsofworkerswillneedonlyfiveortencomputertechnicianstorunthem.”_____________(48).

Intheearly1970s,thereweremanypredictionsthatbeforetheendofthecenturymosthomesintheUnitedStates,EuropeandJapanwouldhavecomputersinthem.___________(49)

Longbefore1980,itwaspredictedthatinsteadoflettingnatureandluckchoosetheirchildren’scharacteristics,peoplewouldhavetodecidewhichcharacteristicstheywantedtheirchildrentoinheritfromthemandpreviousgenerationsintheirfamilies.____________(50)Wemaybeabletohave“undesirable”characteristicschangedordestroyedthroughgenetictherapy.PerhapswemayevenbegintowishthatBertrandRussellwasrightwhenhesaidthathistoryteachesusthatthefutureisneverlikethatfutureweimagine.A“Bytheendofthecentury,”hesaid,“therewillbenopovertyanywhereinthecountry.”BIfthispredictioncomestrue,wewillbefacedwithamuchgreaterresponsibilitythaneverbefore.CAccordingtothesamepredictions,thiswouldresultin“aninformationexplosion”aswellas“radicalandrevolutionarychangesinthewaywework,learn,anddobusiness.”DWhenthispredictioncametrue,morepeoplewouldbekilledthaneverbefore.ETheywerecertainthatthiswouldnotonlybe“farcleanerthancoalandotherfossilfuelsbutfarsaferandmuchcheaper.”FHeaddedthatthis“willleadtoenormoussocialproblemsforunskilledmanualworkersinparticular,whowillbeunabletofindwork.”第6部分：完形填空（第51—65題，每題1分，共15分）

閱讀下面的短文，文中有15處空白，每處空白給出了4個(gè)選項(xiàng)，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容從4個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選擇1個(gè)最佳答案，涂在答題卡相應(yīng)的位置上。TheAmericanFamilyIntheAmericanfamilythehusbandandwifeusuallyshareimportantdecisionmaking.Whenthechildrenare___________(51)enough,theytakepartaswell.Foreignersareoftensurprisedbythepermissiveness(寬容)ofAmericanparents.Theoldrulethat“childrenshouldbeseenandnotheard”israrely_______(52),andchildrenareoftenallowedtodo____________(53)theywishwithoutstrictcontroloftheirparents.Thefatherseldomexpectshischildrentolistentohim__________(54)question,andchildrenareencouragedtobe______________(55)atanearlyage.SomepeoplebelievethatAmericanparentscarrythisfreedom_________(56)far.Othersthinkthatastrongfatherimagewouldnot____________(57)theAmericanvaluesof