2024年秋季高三人教版（2019）開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷 B卷含答案

2024年秋季高三人教版(2019)開(kāi)學(xué)摸底考試英語(yǔ)試卷B卷

學(xué)校：___________姓名：班級(jí)：___________考號(hào)：

一'閱讀理解

BreathtakingPlacesandExperiencesfor2023

Lookingforyournextadventure?Youllfinditonourannuallistoftheworld'sbest

destinationsframedbythreecategories(Adventure,Family,andCulture)fortravelers,and

thesedestinationsfor2023areundertheradar,aheadofthecurve,andreadyforyoutostart

exploring.

Adventure:Adrenaline-pumpingoutdoorexcursions

TrektoChoquequirao,Peru,anisolatedIncasitethat'sundertheradar-butsoontobe

moreaccessible.InNewZealand,thecountrythatinventedbungeejumping,rekindleyour

senseofadventurepost-pandemic.InAustria,hikethecross-countryBergsteigerdorfer

networkofmountaineeringvillagestosamplelocalculture.Finally,addRevillagigedo

NationalPark,Mexico,toyouritinerary.Itsprotectedwatersholdoneofthelargest

aggregationsofsharksandmantaraysintheworld.

Family:Inspiringjourneysforallages

InSwitzerland,ridetherailstoquaintAlpinetownsforchocolate,hiking,andskiing.Help

savetheturtlesinTrinidadandTobago,oneofthemostimportantleatherbackturtlerookeries

intheworld.InCalifornia,U.S.,gatheraroundacampfirewithGoldenGateviewsat

PresidioTunnelTopsandhiketheurbanCrosstownTrail.Gobirdwatchingintheavian

paradisethatisColombia,theenchantedlandofDisney'sEncanto.

Culture:Placeswherehistoryandheritagerule

VisitKingTutsnewhomeinEgyptatCairo'sGrandEgyptianMuseumandseeLuxor's

AvenueoftheSphinxes.MakeapilgrimagethroughhistoryalongItaly'sAppianWay,

Europe'sancient"superhighway".Explorecultureandhistory一withasideofLowCountry

cuisine一attheInternationalAfricanAmericanMuseuminCharleston,SouthCarolina.See

oneoftheworld'slargestassemblagesofstonestatuesatLongmenGrottoes,aUNESCO

WorldHeritagesiteinHenanProvince,China.

1.Wherewillyougoifyouwanttoexperiencebungeejumping?

A.Choquequirao,Peru.B.NewZealand.

C.Austria.D.RevillagigedoNationalPark,Mexico.

2.WhatwilltouristsdoinTrinidadandTobago?

A.Enjoyacampfire.B.Watchbirds.

C.Goskiing.D.Protectmarineanimals.

3.Whatdotheplacesinthelastparagraphhaveincommon?

A.Theyfocusonhistoryandheritage.

B.Theyshowtheadvantageofthefamilytour.

C.Theyarethetopoftheirkind.

D.Theyareofthesametime.

MylonMcArthuriseightyearsold.HisfamilybelongstothePheasantRumpNakota

NationintheprovinceofSaskatchewan.Mylonistheonlynativechildinhisclassatschool.

Untilrecently,heworehishairinatraditionalstylefornativeboysandmen:longbraids（辮

子）.Butsomeotherchildrenatschoolbullied（欺凌）himforhislongbraids.

Hismotherwasworried.ShesawthatMyloncamehomefromschoolcrying.Shedidnot

wanthimtobecomedepressed,orevensuicidal.Sheknewthenumberofnativechildren

whohadkilledthemselveshadbeenincreasing.SosheaskedMylontocuthishair.But

beforehedid,hemadeavideo.Init,hespokeagainstthebulliesandtoldteachersand

parentstoexplainwhylonghairisimportant.

Thevideowentwidespread.Inotherwords,manypeoplewatchedit-morethan1million.

Mylon'svideowasthelatestpartinalonghistoryaboutnativepeopleandhair.Themeaning

ofhairwasdifferentacrosstribes.Manynativegroupsregardedhairasasourceofstrength

andpower.ButgovernmentofficialsintheU.S.andCanadahavehistoricallyseennative

people'shairdifferently.Longhair,theybelieved,showedthatapersonwaswild一not

civilized.Thepracticehasnotended.Eventoday,manypublicschoolsystems,prisonsand

someworkplacesrequirenativepeopletoweartheirhairshort.

Nativepeoplehaveresistedpressureforcuttingtheirhairinmanyways,includingtaking

legalaction.Recently,theyarealso-likeMylon——usingsocialmedia.Mylonsaysthat,since

hemadethevideo,twothingshavechanged.Theotherchildrenstoppedbullyinghim.And

hedecidedtogrowhishairlongagain.

4.WhatisthemainideaofParagraph1?

A.Mylonwasbulliedforhislonghair.

B.MylonisthefirstpersontoliveinCanada.

C.Mylonistheonlynativechildinhisclass.

D.Mylonlikeswearinglonghair.

5.WhydidMylon'smotheraskhimtocuthislonghair?

A.Becausehismotherwasworriedabouthissafety.

B.Becausehismotherwasafraidofhisbeingdepressed.

C.Becauseitwasforbiddenbythegovernment.

D.Becausehewantedtokillhimself.

6.Whatdidthegovernmentthinkofthenativemen'slonghair?

A.Strong.B.Ugly.C.Powerful.D.Wild.

7.Whatcanweimplyfromthelastparagraph?

A.NotonlyMylonisfightingforhistraditionallonghair.

B.Mylonwasstillbulliedbysomechildren.

C.Mylonnolongerworehislonghair.

D.NativepeoplelikeMylononlyusedsocialmediatofight.

Cyclingisconsideredoneofthemostefficientwaystotravelduetoitssmallcarbonfootprint.Many

peoplearehappytorideabikeintheireverydaylife.However,betterinfrastructure(基本設(shè)施)anda

culturalshiftareneededtoensurethatmorepeoplewillrideabike.Bikekitchensarepartofaworldwide

movementthatcanhelpwithsuchachallenge.

Inbikekitchens,tools,usedparts,andrepairassistanceareprovidedtotheirmembers.Theydonate

bikesandhavebecomespacesforsocialexchange.Theyalsomakeeffortstoimprovebasicinfrastructure,

whichplaysakeyroleinensuringthesafetyandcomfortofcyclistsinareassuchasthedevelopmentof

bikelanesandbikeparking.Butthataloneisnotenough.Buildingacyclingculturethatissocially

acceptedtomost,meanshavingsignificantamountsofpeopledevelopingskillsofridingbikes.

Cyclinghasvariousbenefits,likepromotingphysicalandmentalhealth.Moreimportantly,the

infrastructureneededforbikesdoesn'trequireahugebudget.Besides,bicyclesarethemostpracticaland

sustainablemeansoftravelforshortandmediumdistance,andalsoforrecreationandsport.Therefore,a

cyclingcultureappearsurgentandsignificant.Forindividualsinmanydevelopedcountries,transportcan

bethelargestpartoftheircarbonfootprint.Transportaccountsforaboutone-fifthofglobalcarbondioxide

(CO2)emissions.Forshortormediumdistances,bikesareoneofthelowest-carbonwaystotravel.

Evenmoreshockingly,usingabikeinsteadofacarforshorttripswouldreduceaperson*stravelemissions

by75percent.

Bikekitchensinparticular,extendthelifespanofbikesandtheirparts.Theyhelpbuildacommunity

economythatpreventswastegeneration,sincemostpartsaresecondhand,fixed,orreused.Eitherthrough

thesupplyoftools,parts,workshops,fixingsessions,orbikesforfree,bikekitchensencourageamore

sustainablewayoftravelingthatmakescitiesfriendlier,whilestrengtheningcommunityvalues.

8.Whichofthefollowingcanbedoneinbikekitchens?

A.Exchangingbikes.B.Teachingotherstoridebikes.

C.Purchasingthenewparts.D.Developingridingskills.

9.Whatdoestheauthorwanttostressinthetext?

A.Cyclingisasustainablewaytotravel.

B.Transportisstillachallengingproblem.

C.Everyoneshouldhaveaneco-friendlytravel.

D.Bikesarealsosuitableforalongdistancetravel.

10.Whatistheauthor*sattitudetowardsbikekitchensaccordingtothetext?

A.Critical.B.Doubtful.C.Positive.D.Grateful.

11.Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A.Bikekitchensreducepeople'stravelinfluences.

B.Bikekitchensarehelpingboostcyclingculture.

C.Bikekitchensaregainingpopularityintheworld.

D.Bikekitchensmakecyclingaccessibletoeveryone.

Youngkids*brainsareverysensitive（敏感的）totheirmoms1voices,sciencehasshown.

Butaskidsgrowintoteens,everythingchanges.Teenagers1brainsarenowmoresensitiveto

strangers1voicesthanthoseoftheirownmoms1,newresearchshows.

Theresearchersstudiedthebrainsof7-to16-year-oldsastheylistenedtothingssaidby

theirmomsorbyunfamiliarwomen.Thewordsweregibberish:teebudieshawlt,

keebudieshawltandpeebudieshawlt.Usingsuchmeaninglesswordsallowedthescientiststo

studythevoices,notwhattheyweresaying.Asthekidslistened,certainpartsoftheirbrains

becameactive.Thiswasespeciallytrueinbrainareasthathelpustofindrewardsandpay

attention.

DanielAbrams,aresearcheratStanfordUniversity,saysthatyoungerkids1brains

respondmorestronglytotheirmoms*voicesthantostrangers*.However,inadolescence（青

春期）,weshowtheexactopposite.

"Theseareasintheadolescentbrainsdon'tstoprespondingtomoms"voices,"Abrams

explains."It'sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreworthyofattention.Here'swhy:As

kidsgrowup,theywidentheirsocialconnectionsbeyondtheirfamily.Sotheirbrainsneedto

beginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld."

Butmoms1voicesstillhavespecialpower,especiallyintimesofstress,a2011study

withgirlsshowed.Levelsofstressdroppedwhenthesegirlsheardtheirmoms*voicesonthe

phone.

Thebrainseemstoadapttonewneedsthatcomewithadolescence."Aswegrowup,our

survivaldependslessandlessonourmoms*support."saysLeslieSeltzer.abiological

anthropologistattheUniversityofWisconsin-Madison."Insteadwerelymoreandmoreon

ourfriendsandothersclosertoourownage."

"Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimesfeelannoyed,that'sOK,"Abrams

says.nThisisthewaythebrainiswired,andthere'sagoodreasonforit.n

12.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"gibberish0inparagraph2referto?

A.Question.B.Story.C.Saying.D.Nonsense.

13.Whydoteensbecomemoresensitivetounfamiliarvoices?

A.Theyneedmoreconnections.B.Theydesirerealunderstanding.

C.Theyaretiredoftheirmoms.D.Theyhavemoreenergytospare.

14.Whataremoms1voicesliketoteensaccordingtothe2011study?

A.Exciting.B.Unpleasant.C.Comforting.D.Strange.

15.WhatisDanielAbrams'opiniononteens1changeintheirvoicepreference?

A.Itdeservesscientificprevention.B.Itisnormalandunderstandable.

C.Itisdiscouragingandproblematic.D.Itnegativelyaffectstheirgrowth.

二、七選五

16.Likeallmammals,whalesneedtosleepinordertosurvive.Buttheyarealsoair

breathers,meaningthattheycannotsleepinthewaterallthetime.Therearearound90

differenttypesofwhale,whichcanholdtheirbreathforaboutanhour,dependingonthe

species.However,theyusuallytraveluptothesurfacetobreatheevery15minutes.①

Somescientistshavefoundthatwhalescannotbecomefullyunconsciousortheywould

drown.Todealwithlivinginthewaterfull-timewhilehavingtobreatheair,theseair-

breathershaveevolvedintovoluntaryones,asawaytopreventaccidentallybreathingin

wateratinopportunemoments.②Therefore,theyhavetobeawakeandalertatall

timestopreventthemselvesfromdrowning.

Whaleshavesomeofthelargestbrainsontheplanet.?Theycanactivelydecide

whichpartoftheirbrainstouseatagiventime.Thisparticularwayofsleepingcanbeseen

mostclearlyincaptive（圈養(yǎng)的）whales.Whenwhalesaresleeping,theycanbeseenkeeping

oneeyeclosedwhiletheotherremainsopen.

④Somespecies,likespermwhales,enteradeepersleepwheretheyhangin

groups,vertically,nottoofarbelowthesurfaceforjustoveranhour.Otherspecies,suchas

thehumpbackwhales,havebeenobservedrestingmotionlessatthesurfaceofthewaterfor

only30minutes.⑤And,killerwhales,whichareverysociallycomplex,neverswim

toofarfromtheothermembersoftheirpod,sleepinginclosegroups.

A.Sohowexactlydotheygetanysleep?

B.Theycontinuetoswimslowlyandregularly.

C.Theywon'tlosetheirbodytemperaturebystayingstill.

D.Ifsaninterestingdilemmaforwhollyoceanairbreathers.

E.Thissleepingtechniquevariesslightlyamongspecies,however.

F.Whalesconsciouslycontroltheirblowholeswithpowerfulmuscles.

G.Spermwhalesinparticularhavethebiggestbrainofanylivingmammal.

三、完形填空（15空）

ThefirstcablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.Theywereinventedbeforethe

automobileinthedayswhenhorse-drawnstreetcarswerethepopularpublictransportation.

Oneday,AndrewHallidie,whosefatherwastheinventorofthewirerope,witnesseda

terrible]involvingastreetcarforwhichitwasthat2theideaofthecablerailway.He

waswanderingaroundthestreetwhenhenoticedahorsestrugglingto3thestreetcarup

JacksonStreet.Ifs4andwasdraggedbackdownahill,passengersandgoods5out

ofthecarriage.ThisscenetriggeredHallidietofinda6waytotransportpeopleand

things.

Backhome,Hallidie7strandsofwireropestomakewirecables,believingthecables

wouldbe8enoughtopullthecablecars.Thenhefoundsomeonetohelphim9the

cars,withdifficultybutsuccessfully.HealsomanagedtogetthehelpofWilliamE.

Eppelsheimer,aGermanengineer,who10thefirstcablecarline.Finally,Hallidie

obtainedaformal11fromalawyernamedBenjaminBrookstobuildavalidsystem.

August2,1873sawthefirsttrialofthecablecar.Originally,Hallidiehiredagripmanto

operatethecar.Butafterlookingdownthe12hill,themanrefusedfirmly.Hallidie

decidedto13itbyhimselffromJonesStreettoKearneyStreetbywayofClayStreet,

knownastheClayStreetHilllinetoday.Aboutonemonthafterthetestrun,theLineopened

for14use.Fromthenon,otherlinesopenedinSanFranciscoaswellasinotherU.S

citiesandcitiesoverseas.Tillnow,SanFranciscoistheonlycitywherethecablecarstill

15.

17.A.accidentB.horseC.quarrelD.game

18.A.remindedB.conceivedC.recalledD.convinced

19.A.catchB.pushC.kickD.pull

20.A.slippedB.slidC.ranD.jumped

21.A.collapsingB.fallingC.eruptingD.unfolding

22.A.wiserB.rougherC.saferD.broader

23.A.twistedB.revisedC.fixedD.divided

24.A.longB.thickC.roughD.strong

25.A.manufactureB.sellC.designD.advertise

26.A.tookonB.pulledupC.builtupD.laidout

27.A.announcementB.permissionC.commitmentD.appointment

28.A.wideB.steepC.primitiveD.remote

29.A.fetchB.dragC.driveD.direct

30.A.publicB.personalC.outsideD.external

31.A.hatchesB.refreshesC.operatesD.casts

四、短文填空

32.AlthoughfailingtoqualifyfortheFIFAWorldCupfinalssoccertournamentinQatar

in2022,Chinahasmadeahuge①(contribute)tothelargestglobalsportingevent.

Chinawasresponsible②buildingStadium974inQatar.Itwasassembled(組裝)

from974containersbyChinaInternationalMarineContainersinShenzhen,(3)means

itcanbecompletelytakenapart.

1815buses,including888electric-powered(4)(one),fromHigerBusCoinSuzhou,

⑤(deliver)toQatarlastyear.ItwasthefirsttimethatnewenergybusesfromChina⑥

(use)atamajorglobalsportingevent.

⑦widerangeofChineseitemswereavailableatthetournament,includingkey

rings,horns,flags,clothingandshoesfromYiwu,ZhejiangandJinjiang,FujianProvince,as

wellasfireworksfromLiuyang,HunanProvince.IftheelementsprovidedbyChinafor

QatareventwerecontestinganglobalmanufacturingWorldCup"，"TeamChina”was⑧

(sure)apopularwinner.

Soccerhasthepower⑨(bring)peopletogetherandsuchan⑩(influence)

eventwillboostglobalconsumptionpotential.Chinesebrandsareenteringtheinternational

marketinamoreimperceptible(感覺(jué)不至!J的)wayandresonating(弓［起共鳴)withglobal

users.

五、書(shū)面表達(dá)

33.假如你是某學(xué)生會(huì)主席李華，為了迎接國(guó)際志愿者日(InternationalVolunteerDay)

的到來(lái)，請(qǐng)你以學(xué)生會(huì)的名義向全校師生寫一封英文倡議信，號(hào)召參加主題為“互助，

互愛(ài)”(mutualassistanceandcare)的志愿者活動(dòng)。

內(nèi)容包括：

1.倡議目的；

2.活動(dòng)內(nèi)容；

3.呼吁參加。

注意：

L寫作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80個(gè)左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式在答題紙的相應(yīng)位置作答。

Dearteachersandschoolmates,

theStudents'Union

六、讀后續(xù)寫

34.閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。

TwofastfriendswereWillieandhislittledogBounce.Williecouldneverthinkoftakinga

walkwithoutBounce.Cakeandplaywereequallysharedbetweenthem.Willietaughthis

dogmanycunningtricks,andoftensaidthatBouncecoulddoalmostanythingintheworld

buttalk.Thenonabrightsummerafternoon,WilliehadstrolledwithBouncedowntothe

river,whichwasnotmorethantwoblocksfromhisfather'sstore-Mr.Brown'sstore.

Williebegantothrowstonesintothewater,andtowatchtheripples（漣漪）astheymade

onecircleafteranother.Bouncelayonthegrass,watchingthefliesbuzzingaroundhisnose,

andcatchingsomethatcametoonear.

Thereweresomelogsfloatingintherivernearthebank.Williejumpedupononeofthem

toseeifhecouldthrowastoneacrosstheriver.Hedrewbackandsentthestonewithall

strength.Justasitlefthishand,thelogturnedandhefellintothewater.Hewasfrightened,

forhedidnotknowhowtoswim,andtherewasnoonetohear,thoughhecalledasloudas

hecouldforhelp.

Notbeingabigwaterdog,poorBounceranupanddownthebanktwoorthreetimes,

barking,lookingfirstatWillieandthenaround.

注意：

L續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；

2.請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。

Thenhestarted,asfastashecouldrun,upthestreettowardsMr.Brown'sstore.

Bounce,sensingMr.Brownrealizingsomethingwaswrong,headedfortheriver.

參考答案

1.答案：B

解析：根據(jù)第一個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的InNewZealand,thecountrythatinventedbungeejumping

可知,蹦極是新西蘭發(fā)明的，故如果你想去體驗(yàn)蹦極就去新西蘭。故選B項(xiàng)。

2.答案：D

解析：根據(jù)第二個(gè)小標(biāo)題下的HelpsavetheturtlesinTrinidadandTobago可知，在特立尼

達(dá)和多巴哥你可以拯救海龜，即游客可以保護(hù)海洋動(dòng)物。故選D項(xiàng)。

3.答案：A

解析：根據(jù)最后一段的小標(biāo)題Culture:Placeswherehistoryandheritagerule可知,本段列

舉的幾個(gè)旅游地點(diǎn)的共性是它們都突出了歷史和文化遺產(chǎn)。故選A項(xiàng)。

4.答案：A

解析：段落大意題。根據(jù)第一段中的"Butsomeotherchildrenatschoolbulliedhimforhis

longbraids.”可知，第一段交代事情的起因，即邁倫因留長(zhǎng)發(fā)而受到欺凌。故選A項(xiàng)。

5.答案：B

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的"Shedidnotwanthimtobecomedepressed,oreven

suicidal.Sheknewthenumberofnativechildrenwhohadkilledthemselveshadbeen

increasing.SosheaskedMylontocuthishair.”可知，邁倫的母親是因?yàn)楹ε逻~倫抑郁甚至

自殺,所以讓他剪掉長(zhǎng)發(fā)。故選B項(xiàng)。

6.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段中的"ButgovernmentofficialsintheU.S.andCanada

havehistoricallyseennativepeople'shairdifferently.Longhair,theybelieved,showedthata

personwaswild—notcivilized.”可知，政府對(duì)于留長(zhǎng)發(fā)的原住民男性的看法是認(rèn)為其野蠻

且并未開(kāi)化。故選D項(xiàng)。

7.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中的“Nativepeoplehaveresistedpressureforcuttingtheir

hairinmanyways,includingtakinglegalaction.Recently,theyarealso—likeMylon—using

socialmedia.”可知,不只邁倫一個(gè)人在為傳統(tǒng)的長(zhǎng)發(fā)做斗爭(zhēng)。故選A項(xiàng)。

8.答案：D

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的"Buildingacyclingculturethatissociallyacceptedtomost,means

havingsignificantamountsofpeopledevelopingskillsofridingbikes."可知，騎行文化的建立可以讓許

多人提升自己的車技。故答案選D項(xiàng)。

9.答案：A

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的"Forindividualsinmanydevelopedcountries,wouldreducea

person'stravelemissionsby75percent."和最后一段的"Eitherthroughtheprovisionoftools,...while

strengtheningcommunityvalues.”可判斷，作者在文章中重點(diǎn)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)：騎自行車是一種非常低

碳、可持續(xù)的出行方式。故答案選A項(xiàng)。

10.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的內(nèi)容可知，作者非常贊同和支持自行車廚房（bikekitchen）。故答

案選C項(xiàng)。

11.答案：B

解析：主旨大意題。本文主要講的是自行車廚房的益處很多，但最關(guān)鍵的一點(diǎn)是可以推廣騎行文化,

從而讓更多人愛(ài)上騎自行車。比較選項(xiàng)可知,B項(xiàng)最能概括文章大意。

12.答案：D

解析：詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線詞后文"teebudieshawlt,keebudieshawltand

peebudieshawlt"和"Usingsuchmeaninglesswords（用這些無(wú)意義的詞語(yǔ)）”可推知，畫(huà)線

詞gibberish的意思是''無(wú)意義的話”，與nonsense的意思最為接近。故選D。

13.答案：A

解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段"It'sjustthatunfamiliarvoicesbecomemoreworthyof

attention.Here'swhy:Askidsgrowup,theywidentheirsocialconnectionsbeyondtheir

family.Sotheirbrainsneedtobeginpayingmoreattentiontothatwiderworld.（只是不熟悉

的聲音變得更值得關(guān)注。原因如下:隨著孩子的成長(zhǎng)，他們擴(kuò)大了家庭以外的社會(huì)關(guān)

系。所以他們的大腦需要開(kāi)始更多地關(guān)注更廣闊的世界。）"可知，青少年對(duì)陌生的聲

音反應(yīng)更敏感是因?yàn)樗麄冃枰獢U(kuò)大自己的社交關(guān)系。故選A。

14.答案：C

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段"Butmoms'voicesstillhavespecialpower,especiallyin

timesofstress,a2011studywithgirlsshowed.Levelsofstressdroppedwhenthesegirls

heardtheirmoms'voicesonthephone.（但2011年一項(xiàng)針對(duì)女孩的研究顯示，母親的聲

音仍然具有特殊的力量，尤其是在壓力大的時(shí)候。當(dāng)這些女孩在電話里聽(tīng)到媽媽的聲

音時(shí)，她們的壓力水平下降了。）"可推斷，對(duì)于青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，媽媽的聲音讓青少年感

到安慰。故選C。

15.答案：B

解析：推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段”"Sowhilebothteensandtheirparentsmaysometimes

feelannoyed,that'sOK,"Abramssays."Thisisthewaythebrainiswired,andthere'sagood

reasonforit."（Abrams說(shuō)：”所以，雖然青少年和他們的父母有時(shí)會(huì)感到惱火，但這沒(méi)關(guān)

系。""這就是大腦的連接方式，這是有充分理由的?？赏茢?，DanielAbrams認(rèn)為青

少年的聲音偏愛(ài)的變化是正常且可以理解的。故選B。

16.答案：AFGEC

解析：①根據(jù)上文"Likeallmammals,whalesneedtosleepinordertosurvive.（和所有哺乳

動(dòng)物一樣，鯨魚(yú)需要睡覺(jué)才能生存）"及"However,theyusuallytraveluptothesurfaceto

breatheevery15minutes.”可知，鯨魚(yú)通常每隔15分鐘要浮出水面呼吸，但像其它哺乳

動(dòng)物一樣，它們也得睡覺(jué)。推測(cè)空格處的內(nèi)容與“鯨魚(yú)如何在這過(guò)程中睡覺(jué)”有關(guān)。故

選A項(xiàng)。

②根據(jù)下文“Therefore,theyhavetobeawakeandalertatalltimestopreventthemselves

fromdrowning.（因此，他們必須時(shí)刻保持清醒和警惕，以防止自己溺水）”可知，空格處

的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與鯨魚(yú)如何避免吸入海水有關(guān)，F(xiàn)項(xiàng)“鯨魚(yú)有意識(shí)地用強(qiáng)有力的肌肉控制它

們的氣孔。”是后文鯨魚(yú)避免吸入海水的結(jié)果。故選F項(xiàng)。

③根據(jù)上文的"Whaleshavesomeofthelargestbrainsontheplanet.（鯨魚(yú)有著地球上最大

的大腦）''和下文的"Theycanactivelydecidewhichpartoftheirbrainstouseatagiventime.

（他們可以主動(dòng)決定在給定的時(shí)間使用大腦的哪一部分廠可知，空格處的內(nèi)容應(yīng)該與鯨

魚(yú)的大腦有關(guān)，G項(xiàng)“抹香鯨的大腦是現(xiàn)存哺乳動(dòng)物中最大的?！狈洗颂幷Z(yǔ)境。故選

G項(xiàng)。

④根據(jù)后文“Somespecies,likespermwhales,enteradeepersleepwheretheyhangin

groups,vertically,nottoofarbelowthesurfaceforjustoveranhour.（有些物種，比如抹香

鯨，會(huì)進(jìn)入更深的睡眠狀態(tài)，它們成群結(jié)隊(duì)地垂直懸掛在水面下不遠(yuǎn)的地方，僅僅一

個(gè)多小時(shí)）"及"Otherspecies,suchasthehumpbackwhales,havebeenobservedresting

motionlessatthesurfaceofthewaterforonly30minutes.（其他物種，例如座頭鯨，已經(jīng)

被觀察到在水面上靜止不動(dòng)地休息僅僅30分鐘）”可知，E項(xiàng)“然而，這種睡眠技巧在不

同鯨魚(yú)種類間略有不同?！笨偲鹑危侨蔚目偨Y(jié)。故選E項(xiàng)。

⑤本艮據(jù)上文的“Otherspecies,suchasthehumpbackwhales,havebeenobservedresting

motionlessatthesurfaceofthewaterforonly30minutes.（其他物種，例如座頭鯨，已經(jīng)

被觀察到在水面上靜止不動(dòng)地休息僅僅30分鐘戶可知，通過(guò)保持靜止不動(dòng)，座頭鯨盡

量保持體溫不變。G項(xiàng)“它們不會(huì)因?yàn)殪o止不動(dòng)而失去體溫?！背薪由衔?，符合此處語(yǔ)

境。故選C項(xiàng)。

17.答案：A

解析：考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.accident事故;Bhorse馬;C.quarrel吵架;D.game游戲。

句意:一天，安德魯?哈利迪（AndrewHallidie）,他的父親是鋼絲繩的發(fā)明者，目睹了

一場(chǎng)可怕的事故，涉及一輛馬車，正是因?yàn)檫@輛馬車，電纜軌道的想法應(yīng)運(yùn)而生。由

下文"wasdraggedbackdownahill（被拖下山）"可知，馬車被拖下山，這是發(fā)生了一場(chǎng)

事故。故選A項(xiàng)。

18.答案：B

解析：waytotransportpeopleandthings.（這一幕促使哈利迪去找到一種（6）的方式來(lái)運(yùn)送

人和物）”可知，馬車被拖下山這一事故使電纜軌道的想法被構(gòu)想出來(lái)。故選B項(xiàng)，

19.答案：D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.catch抓住;B.push推;C.kick踢;D.pu拉。句意:當(dāng)他在街

上閑逛時(shí)，他注意到一匹馬正奮力將馬車?yán)辖芸诉d街。與下文"wasdraggedback

downahill（被拖下山）"馬車被拖下山相對(duì)照，此處在講馬正奮力將馬車?yán)辖芸诉d

街。故選D項(xiàng)。

20.答案：A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.slipped（意外而不自主地）滑落，下降;B.slid（在一個(gè)光滑

的表面持續(xù)地）滑動(dòng);C.ran跑步;D.jumped跳躍。句意:它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和

貨物從車廂里掉了出來(lái)。由下文"wasdraggedbackdownahill（被拖下山）"可知，馬應(yīng)

該是滑了一滑才被拖下山的。故選A項(xiàng)。

21.答案:B

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.collapsing倒塌;B.falling落（到）;C.erupting爆

發(fā);D.unfolding展開(kāi)。句意:它滑了一滑，被拖下山，乘客和貨物從車廂里掉了出來(lái)。

由上文"wasdraggedbackdownahill（被拖下山）"可知，發(fā)生了馬車被拖下山的事故，

乘客和貨物肯定也從車廂里掉了出來(lái)，才能體現(xiàn)事故場(chǎng)景。故選B項(xiàng)。

22.答案：C

解析：考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.wiser更聰明的;B.rougher更粗糙的;C.safer更安全

的:D.broader更廣泛的。句意:這一幕促使哈利迪找到了一種更安全的方式來(lái)運(yùn)送人和

物。由上文語(yǔ)境可知，發(fā)生了馬車被拖下山的事故，乘客和貨物從車廂里掉了出來(lái)，

這危險(xiǎn)的場(chǎng)景使哈利迪想找到一種更安全的方式來(lái)運(yùn)送人和物。故選c項(xiàng)。

23.答案：A

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.twisted扭轉(zhuǎn);B.evised修正;C.fixed修理;D.divided分

開(kāi)。意:回到家里，哈利迪把幾股鋼絲繩擰成鋼纜相信這些鋼纜足夠堅(jiān)固，可以拉動(dòng)纜

車。由下文"strandsofwireropestomakewirecables"可知，此處指哈利迪把幾股鋼絲繩

擰成鋼纜，去增加鋼纜的結(jié)實(shí)性。故選A項(xiàng)。

24.答案：D

解析：考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.long長(zhǎng)的;B.thick厚的;C.rough粗糙的;D.strong堅(jiān)強(qiáng)

的。句意:回到家里，哈利迪把幾股鋼絲繩擰成鋼纜相信這些鋼纜足夠堅(jiān)固，可以拉動(dòng)

纜車。由上文"strandsofwireropestomakewirecables"可知，把幾股鋼絲繩擰成鋼纜，

增加了鋼纜的結(jié)實(shí)性，讓鋼纜足夠堅(jiān)固以拉動(dòng)纜車。故選D項(xiàng)。

25.答案：C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.manufacture生產(chǎn);B.sell賣;C.design設(shè)計(jì);D.advertise做

廣告。句意:然后他找人幫他設(shè)計(jì)汽車，雖然困難重重，但還是成功了。發(fā)明可知，他

找人幫他設(shè)計(jì)電纜汽車。故選C項(xiàng)。

26.答案：D

解析：考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及語(yǔ)境理解。A.tookon承擔(dān);B.pulledup拔起;C.builtup建立;D.laid

out鋪開(kāi)，排列。句意他還設(shè)法得到了德國(guó)工程師WilliamE.Eppelsheimer的幫助，他

鋪設(shè)了第一條纜車線路。由電纜車的發(fā)明和下文"thefirstcablecarline"可知，此處指鋪

設(shè)第一條電纜車線路。故選D項(xiàng)。

27.答案：B

解析：考查名詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.announcement宣布;B.permission許可;C.commitment承

諾;D.appointment約會(huì)。句意:最后，哈利迪從一位名叫BenjaminBrooks的律師那里獲

得了建立有效系統(tǒng)的正式許可。由下文"alawyer"和"tobuildavalidsystem"可知，律師

工作內(nèi)容與法律許可等相關(guān)，哈利迪想建立有效的電纜車系統(tǒng)，是需要獲得政府許可

的。故選B項(xiàng)。

28.答案：B

解析：考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.wide廣泛的:B.steep陡峭的;C.primitive原始

的;Diemote遙遠(yuǎn)的。句意:但在看了看陡峭的山坡后，那個(gè)人堅(jiān)決拒絕了。由下文“the

manrefusedfirmly"可知，應(yīng)該是一個(gè)陡峭的山坡，看到害怕，那個(gè)人才拒絕的。故選

B項(xiàng)。

29.答案：C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.fetch拿來(lái);B.dag拖;C.drive開(kāi)車;D.direct指示。意:哈利

迪決定自己開(kāi)車從瓊斯街經(jīng)過(guò)克萊街到科爾尼街，今天被稱為克萊街希爾線。由上文

"themanrefusedfirmly（那個(gè)人堅(jiān)決拒絕了）"和下文"tbyhimself"可知，雇傭的人看到陡

峭的山坡后拒絕試車，最后哈利迪親自上陣，自己開(kāi)車。故選C項(xiàng)。

30.答案：A

解析：考查形容詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.public公共的;B.personal個(gè)人的;C.outside外面

的;D.external外部的。句意:試運(yùn)行大約一個(gè)月后，該線路向公眾開(kāi)放。呼應(yīng)下文"From

thenon,otherlinesopenedinSanFranciscoaswellasinotherUScitiesandcities

overseas.（從那時(shí)起，其他線路在舊金山以及美國(guó)其他城市和海外城市開(kāi)通）”其他線路

向公眾開(kāi)放，試運(yùn)行大約一個(gè)月后，發(fā)現(xiàn)安全性很好，該線路向公眾開(kāi)放。故選A

項(xiàng)。

31.答案：C

解析：考查動(dòng)詞及語(yǔ)境理解。A.hatches孵化;B.refreshes刷新;C.operates使運(yùn)行;D.casts

投射。句意:到目前為止，舊金山是唯一一個(gè)纜車仍在運(yùn)營(yíng)的城市。由上文"Thefirst

cablecaroriginatedfromSanFrancisco.（第一輛纜車起源于舊金山）"和本處語(yǔ)境可知，作

為第一輛纜車起源的舊金山，其纜車仍在運(yùn)營(yíng)。故選C項(xiàng)。

32.答案：①contribution②for③which④ones⑤weredelivered⑥hadbeenused⑦A⑧

surely⑨t(yī)obring⑩influential

解析：①考查名詞。句意:盡管未能獲得2022年卡塔爾世界杯足球賽決賽的參賽資格，

但中國(guó)為這項(xiàng)全球最大的體育賽事做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。makeahugecontributionto是固定

搭配，意為"為做出巨大貢獻(xiàn)"。故填contributiono

②考查介詞。句意:中國(guó)承建了卡塔爾974體育場(chǎng)。beresponsiblefor是固定搭配，意為"

對(duì)...負(fù)責(zé)故填for。

③考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意:它由深圳的中國(guó)國(guó)際海運(yùn)集裝箱（集團(tuán)）股份有限公司用974個(gè)

集裝箱組裝而成，這意味著它可以被完全拆除。此處為非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,指代前面的句

子,且從句中缺少主語(yǔ)。故填which。

④考查代詞。句意:去年，蘇州海格客車有限公司向卡塔爾交付了1815輛客車，包括888

輛純電動(dòng)客車。此處指代buses,應(yīng)用one的復(fù)數(shù)形式。故填ones。

⑤考查時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:去年，蘇州海格客車有限公司向卡塔爾交付了

1815輛客車，包括888輛純電動(dòng)客車。根據(jù)lastyear可知，時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí);buses和

deliver是動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài);主語(yǔ)1815buses是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式