Unit 4 Space Exploration Discovering Useful Structures 課件-2023-2024學(xué)年高中英語(yǔ)人教版（2019）必修第三冊(cè)

Unit4SPACEEXPLORATIONDiscoveringusefulstructuresTheInfinitiveastheAttributiveandadverbial動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)Practice:1.Itrainedforalongtimetoflyairplanesasafighterpilot.2.Asweallknow,anastronautneedstobehealthyandcalminordertoworkinspace.3.Firstofall,youmustbeintelligentenough

togetarelatedcollegedegree.4.Somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.5.On12April1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)目的狀語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)FunctionsofinfinitivesToliveabroadisnoteasy.Sheplannedtovisitherparentsnextweek.Thequestionishowtogetthere.ThefirstpersontocomeisMr.Brown.HewenttoFrancetolearnFrench.Hisfatherencouragedhimtofindanewjob.主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓補(bǔ)狀語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式形式為“todo”。動(dòng)詞不定式可在句中作___________、___________、_________、___________、_____________和___________，但是不能單獨(dú)作___________。主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)Summary動(dòng)詞不定式在句中作狀語(yǔ),主要用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等,表示目的、原因、結(jié)果等。在句中,不定式可作目的狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)等。動(dòng)詞不定式作狀語(yǔ)todo作狀語(yǔ)1.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.

=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater________________________itforlateruse.2.Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday,whichwillhelpthemstayhealthy.

=Astronauts’bonesandmusclescangetveryweakinspaceduetothelackofgravity,sotheyneedtoexerciseeveryday______________________________.Rewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesaspurposeadverbial.soasto/inorder

to/torecyclesoasto/inorderto/tokeephealthy3.Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspacebecauseeverythingwouldfloatoffotherwise.

=Astronautshavetousetapetostickeverythingdownwhileworkinginspace_____________________________________.

4.Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowlysothattheycankeeptheirbodiesundercontrol.

=Duringaspacewalk,astronautshavetomoveslowly

___________________________________________.

soasnotto/inordernotto/nottofloatoff

soasto/inorderto/tokeeptheirbodiesundercontrolSummary1.目的狀語(yǔ):todoinordertodosoasto(只能放句中）inorderthatsothat/so...that(只能放句中）1.目的狀語(yǔ)①Hecameheretoattendanimportantmeeting.

他來(lái)這兒參加一個(gè)重要的會(huì)議。②Helaiddownhislifetosavethechild.他為了救這個(gè)孩子獻(xiàn)出了生命。③Heshoutedandwavedinordertobenoticed.

他喊了一聲，揮了揮手，以引起注意。④

I'llwritedownhistelephonenumbersoas

nottoforgetit.我會(huì)記下他的電話號(hào)碼，以免忘記。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)或突出這種目的，也可以用inorder(not)todo，和soas(not)todo結(jié)構(gòu)（soastodo不可以置于句首）。1.Tomakefriendseasily,youneedtobeverykind.2.Theywenttheretosavepeoplewhowereinjured.3.MoreTVprogrammeswereproducedtoraisepeople’sconcern

overfoodsafety.4.To/Inordertocatchthefirstbus,hegotupearly.5.Thebusstoppedsoastopickuppassengers.不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，可用inorderto/soasto代替，有時(shí)為了突出強(qiáng)調(diào)目的，還可將這個(gè)詞組置于句首，但soasto一般不用于句首。Infinitiveasadverbial1.我寫(xiě)信給你是為了向你表達(dá)謝意。I’mwritingtoexpressmyappreciation/thanks/gratitudetoyou.2.我寫(xiě)信給你是為了邀請(qǐng)你參加我們學(xué)校舉辦的文化節(jié)。I’mwritingtoinviteyoutoattendtheculturefestivalheldbyourschool.3.我寫(xiě)信給你是為了告訴你這次比賽的安排。I’mwritingto

informyouofthearrangementsofthematch.4.我寫(xiě)信給你是為了向你表示歉意。I’mwritingtoapologize

toyou/makeanapologytoyou.5.我寫(xiě)信給你是為了向你征求怎樣適應(yīng)高中的建議。I’mwritingtoaskforsomeadviceonhowtogetusedtotheSeniorHighSchool.Sheisproud

tohavewon

thefirstplace.Heis

glad

tobeinvitedtothemeeting.We

were

astonished

tofind

thetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.(1)常用于“sb.

+be+adj.

+todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中,

形容詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí),后可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ),用以說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因。此類形容詞多是sorry,glad,excited,disappointed,shocked等表示喜怒哀樂(lè)的形容詞。動(dòng)詞不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)2.原因狀語(yǔ)2.原因狀語(yǔ)：sb.beadj.todo聽(tīng)說(shuō)你要來(lái)中國(guó)旅游，我感到很高興。I’mdelighted/glad

tohearthatyouwillcometoChinaforavisit.HearingthatyouwillcometoChinaforavisit,Ifeelverydelighted.聽(tīng)說(shuō)你覺(jué)得很難適應(yīng)高中的生活，我覺(jué)得很難過(guò)。I’msorry

tohearthatyoufinditdifficulttogetusedtotheSeniorHighSchool.1.Hewokeuptofindeverybodygone.

2.Hearrivedatthetrainstation,onlytofindthetrainhadalreadyleft.3.Sheistootiredtodothejob.4.Heisoldenoughtogotoschool.5.Willyoubesokindastoopenthewindow?不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，表示出乎意料的結(jié)果；有時(shí)也可用onlyto,too...to,enoughto,so...asto來(lái)表示結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)。Infinitiveasadverbial3.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)①Hereturnedhometolearnhisdaughterhadjustbeenengaged.

他回家后得知女兒剛剛訂婚了。②HewenthometofindhisoldfriendGeorgewaitingforhim.

他到家發(fā)現(xiàn)他的老朋友喬治在等他。③WhathaveIsaidtomakeyousoexcited?

我說(shuō)了什么使你這么激動(dòng)?不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常與learn,find,see,hear,make等動(dòng)詞連用。①Shewassoangryastobeunabletospeak.

她氣得連話都說(shuō)不出來(lái)。②Theboyisoldenoughto

takecareofhimself.

這個(gè)男孩夠大了，可以自己照顧自己。③Hehurriedtothestation,onlyto

findthetrainhadleft.

他匆匆忙忙趕到火車(chē)站，結(jié)果卻發(fā)現(xiàn)火車(chē)已經(jīng)走了。④I'mtootiredtostayuplonger.

我太累了，不能再熬夜了。不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常用于以下句型結(jié)構(gòu)：①so/such…astodo

②enoughtodo③onlytodo(常表示意外的或事與愿違的結(jié)果)

④too…todo1.LiuYangisthefirstfemaleastronaut

tobesentintospaceinChina.2.LiuYangrealizedherdreamtoexplorespacein2012.3.LiuYanghasstrongdesiretogotospaceagain.Findthesimilaritiesofthesesentencestheinfinitive(todo)isusedas

to

modifythenoun/...

placedinfrontofittheattributivetodo作

定語(yǔ)1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

______________inspace.2.Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedreamedthatonedaytheywouldflyintospace.

=Mankindhasalwaysbeencuriousabouttheuniverseandmanypeoplehavedream__________space.Rewritethesentencesbyusinginfinitivesasattribute.togetmarriedtoflyinto◆Tosmokesomuchisnotverygoodforyourhealth.◆Toform

agoodhabitoflearningisimportantforusstudents.FunctionsofinfinitivesassubjectSummary:單個(gè)的不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的不定式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式；但當(dāng)它們作為一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。it作形式主語(yǔ)，真正的主語(yǔ)放在句子的后面。常用結(jié)構(gòu)有：①I(mǎi)tis＋adj.＋(of/forsb.)todo...②Itis＋a/an＋名詞＋todo...③Ittakes(sb.)sometime/courage/patience...todo...④Itrequirescourage/patience/hardwork...todo...1.It’snecessaryforustotakeagoodrestbeforeanexam,whichwillprovideenoughenergyforyou.2.I’mcertainitisagoodchancetoshowyourexcellenthandwriting.Functionsofinfinitivesaspredicate◆Myhouseworkistoclean

all

theroomsformyparentstoday.◆Hisambitionistosetup

schoolsforchildrenofpoorfamilies.Summary:不定式放在系動(dòng)詞后面常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作或解釋說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，其主語(yǔ)常是wish,idea,task,purpose,duty等表示“意向、打算、計(jì)劃”的詞。Functionsofinfinitivesasobject1.Thedriverfailedtoseetheothercarintime.2.I’mverybusyatpresent,soIhavetorefusetohelpyou.Summary:動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，往往跟在某些及物動(dòng)詞的后面，常見(jiàn)的動(dòng)詞有agree,ask,decide,hope,fail,manage,pretend,refuse等。3.Hestilldidn’tunderstandhowtooperatethemachine.Summary:能接“疑問(wèn)詞＋todo”的動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))有decide,know,consider,forget,learn,remember,show,findout,understand,see,wonder,hear,explain,tell等。4.IfinditverydifficulttocommunicatewithhiminEnglish.Summary:當(dāng)不定式作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常用it作形式賓語(yǔ)，而把不定式放到后面?？山觟t作形式賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有feel,find,make,think等。

Summary:

動(dòng)詞不定式用作定語(yǔ)，放在被修飾的名詞________。1.動(dòng)詞不定式作定語(yǔ)常放在名詞或不定代詞后面作后置定語(yǔ),表示__________的動(dòng)作。后面尚未發(fā)生2.名詞前有_______________等詞以及最高級(jí)修飾時(shí),其后要用動(dòng)詞不定式。3.抽象名詞________________________________________________等或不定代詞_______________等后面常用不定式作后置定語(yǔ)。4.當(dāng)名詞與定語(yǔ)之間存在_____關(guān)系時(shí)。5.當(dāng)名詞與定語(yǔ)之間存在_____關(guān)系時(shí)。6.當(dāng)名詞與定語(yǔ)有______關(guān)系時(shí)。Shewasthefirst

Chinesewomantogotospace.first,last,next,onlyJanisAdkinshastheabilityanddesiretodousefulwork.attempt,ability,chance,desire,determination,decision,plan,waysomething,nothingSheisanicepersontoworkwith.動(dòng)賓Wemustfindapersontodothejob.主謂Wegottheordertoleavethecity.同位Wehavemuchhomeworktodotonight.主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)意義一般式todotobedone

.進(jìn)行式

.完成式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作

.the

infinitive

tense表將來(lái)正在發(fā)生之前tobedoingtohavedonetohavebeendonesummaryattribute定語(yǔ)todo1.放在被修飾名詞后面,常表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；

2.普通名詞被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)、theonly、thenext等修飾時(shí)；3.抽象名詞后：dream,desire，opportunity

......4.被修飾詞為不定代詞：something,nothing,anything等

單句語(yǔ)法填空①________(learn)moreaboutChineseculture,JackhasdecidedtotakeChinesefolkmusicasanelectivecourse．②WetravelonDay2tonorthernFrance_______(visit)theWorldWarⅠbattlefields．③WhenthegorillasandIfrightenedeachother,Iwasjustglad______(find)themalive．④Wouldyoubesokindas________(spare)sometimetocomeandjoinus?TolearntovisittofindtospareSummarizetheusagesofinfinitivesastheattributeortheadverbial.adverbial狀語(yǔ)attribute定語(yǔ)todo目的狀語(yǔ):結(jié)果狀語(yǔ):enoughto

(足夠做...),too...to(太...而不能),so/such...asto

(如此...以至于)多修飾名詞常作后置定語(yǔ)往往表示晚于謂語(yǔ)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作普通名詞常被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)修飾抽象名詞常有：dream,desire,chance,hope,promise,idea,fact,way...todo,inorderto

(可句首句中),soasto

(只能句中)1.In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstpersonwhogotmarriedinspace.

=In2003,YuriMalenchenkobecamethefirstperson

____________________________.2.Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywatersothatitcanberecycledforlateruse.=Inspace,astronautscollectalldirtywater__________________________________________________.togetmarriedinspaceto/inorderto/soastorecycleitforlateruseRewritethesentencesusinginfinitivesor“inorderto/soasto+do”.Chang