專題03 名詞的數(shù)

小升初語法第3講：名詞【考點(diǎn)解讀】名詞是人類認(rèn)識事物所使用的基本詞匯，是用來表示人、事物、地方、現(xiàn)象或抽象概念的名稱的詞。在句中可以作主語、賓語、表語、定語、狀語、稱呼語等。小升初的考點(diǎn)主要集中在名詞的分類判斷和名詞的修飾成分上面?！局R講解】名詞的分類名詞是用來表示人名、地名、事物名稱及其抽象概念的詞類。名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則如果我們想表示多個人或物就要用這個名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式。要注意：只有可數(shù)名詞才有復(fù)數(shù)形式的變化。名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則變化例詞一般情況下在可數(shù)名詞詞尾直接加scar-cars以s,x,sh,ch結(jié)尾的可數(shù)名詞加esbus-buses，dish-dishes，fox-foxes，watch-watches以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾名詞，把y變i，加esstory-stories，family-families（家人）以“元音字母+y”結(jié)尾名詞，直接加sboy-boys,toy-toys以f/fe結(jié)尾,變f/fe為v，加esleaf-leaves（樹葉）以o結(jié)尾有生命的名詞，加espotato-potatoes以o結(jié)尾無生命的名詞，加sphoto-photos（照片）?特別提示：常見以f/fe結(jié)尾的名詞有wife（妻子）,knife（刀）,wolf（狼）,thief（小偷）,shelf（架子）,self（自己）,life（壽命）,half（一半）,leaf（樹葉）記憶口訣：妻子拿刀去追狼，小偷見了著了慌，架子底下自保命，半片樹葉遮目光常見以o結(jié)尾的名詞加es的詞：Negro（黑人）,hero（英雄）,potato,tomato,mango。記憶口訣：黑人英雄愛吃土豆燉西紅柿和芒果名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的不規(guī)則變化特殊變化有一些名詞在變成復(fù)數(shù)時不遵循以上原則。我們把小學(xué)階段遇到的特殊變化的名詞整理如下：構(gòu)詞法例詞a變eman-men,woman-womenoo變eefoot-feet,tooth-teeth,goose-geese詞尾+ren/enchild-children,ox-oxen（公牛）單復(fù)數(shù)相同Chinese（中國人）,

Japanese（日本人）,police（警察）,people（人們）,deer（鹿）,sheep（羊）,fish（魚）

?單復(fù)數(shù)相同的詞記憶口訣：中日警察好友來聚會，鹿、羊、魚、牛齊齊把家回表示（某）國人的名詞復(fù)數(shù)在英語名詞復(fù)數(shù)中，表示（某）國人的名詞復(fù)數(shù)有些加S,有些又不加，學(xué)生常會出錯。我們可以借助于順口溜去記憶，即：“中日瑞不變，英法都要變，其他國人加s”。Chinese--Chinese中國人Japanese--Japanese日本人Swiss--Swiss瑞士人Englishman--Englishmen英國人Frenchman--Frenchmen法國人American--AmericansGerman--Germans.

復(fù)合名詞的復(fù)數(shù)變化復(fù)合名詞變復(fù)數(shù)的規(guī)則例詞一般情況下在詞尾加sbookshop-bookshops以“man/woman+名詞”時，前后名詞都變man-teacher→menteachers、womandoctor→womendoctors以“boy/girl+名詞”時，變后面的詞girlstudent→girlstudents多以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞

如：clothes衣服，

shoes

鞋子，sunglasses

太陽鏡，shorts短褲，scissors剪刀,glasses眼鏡,shears大剪刀,

trousers長褲可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)可數(shù)名詞可以借助量詞來表達(dá)，of后面用名詞復(fù)數(shù),尤其是成雙成對的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。如：apairofglasses;threepairsoftrousers;apairofscissors;apairoftrousers;apairofglasses;apairof

socks;apairof

gloves;apairof

shoes?可數(shù)名詞借助量詞來表達(dá)時要注意：后面雖然用復(fù)數(shù)，動詞要根據(jù)前面的量詞來決定。如：Thereisaboxofapplesinthecar.Therearefourpairsofshoesunderthebed.可數(shù)名詞可以借助some,any,alotof,many等詞來修飾。如：someapples,manypeople,alotofbooks等等。常見的不可數(shù)名詞以及修飾名詞的數(shù)量詞常見的不可數(shù)名詞如下表液體類milk,juice,coffee,water,tea,coke,oil,vinegar(醋),soy,yogurt,wine,petrol（汽油）,blood,flood食物類fruit,food,meat,beef,pork,mutton,rice,flour,bread,salt,sugar,butter,cream,jam,sauce,pizza,jelly,jam,ham自然類weather,rain,snow,wind,fog,frost(霜),light,fire,sunshine,thunder,lightning,electricity材料類silk,wool,cotton,cloth,iron,steel,glass(玻璃),paper,coal,gold,silver,plastic,wood其他furniture,money,air,fun,music,news,glue,tape,time(時間),work,homework,housework,information,advice不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量表達(dá)不可數(shù)名詞前不能用a/an，在句中相當(dāng)于單數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。如：Wateristhesourceoflife.水是生命的源泉。不可數(shù)名詞可以借助于piece,bottle,packet等量詞來表示數(shù)量。如：單詞量詞短語意思paperapieceofpaper一張紙cakeapieceofcake一塊蛋糕breadasliceofbread一片面包wateracuppfwater一杯水chocolateapacketofchocolate一包巧克力papertwopiecesofpaper兩張紙有了以上量詞的幫助，不可數(shù)名詞也可以提現(xiàn)具體的數(shù)量了。apieceofpaper一張紙twopiecesofpaper兩張紙acupofcoffee一杯咖啡twocupsofcoffee兩杯咖啡名詞的句法作用名詞在句子中可以用作如下成分：名詞作主語Theboyopenedthedoor.那個男孩把門打開了。名詞作賓語Isawtheboy.我看到那個男孩。（boy作動詞saw的賓語）Givethemoneytoyourbrother.把這些錢給你兄弟。(brother作介詞to的賓語)名詞作表語Heisacleverboy.他是個聰明的孩子。名詞賓語補(bǔ)足語Theycalledhimafool.他們叫他傻瓜。Hewascalledafool.（當(dāng)含有賓語補(bǔ)足語的句子變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)的時候，原來的賓語變成了主語，那么原來的賓語補(bǔ)足語就變成了主語補(bǔ)足語。）名詞作定語Isitacolourfilm?是彩色影片嗎？名詞作同位語ThisismyfriendJohn.【考題精練】朗讀下列單詞，并按照要求把單詞寫在相應(yīng)的橫線處。plane,lake,water,sugar,chair,butter,tea,meat,air,milk,card,cheese,match,news,rice可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞寫出下列名詞的復(fù)數(shù)tooth--_______goose--________table--_______sheep--________mandriver--______potato--________piano--_______mouse--_______loaf--________glass(玻璃杯)--_______watch--_______country--_______單項(xiàng)選擇。()1.--What

are

these?

--They

are

__________.

A.

deers

B.

radios

C.

radioes

D.tomatos

()2.How

many

__________

are

there

in

these

__________?

A.

tomatos,

photos

B.

tomatoes,

photos

C.

tomatoes,

photoes

D.potatos,photoes

()3.Mr.

Chen

has

two

__________.

A.

tooths

B.

teeth

C.

teeths

D.toothes

()4.Here

are

__________

for

you,

Sue.

A.

potatos

B.

some

potatoes

C.

three

tomatos

D.

some

tomato

()5.Then

the

__________

began

to

eat

the

green

__________

of

young

trees.

A.

deer,

leafs

B.

deer,

leaves

C.

deer,

leaf

D.

deers,

leafs

()6.I

met

some

__________

in

the

park

and

talked

with

them

the

other

day.

A.

Japanese

B.

American

C.

Chineses

D.

English

()7.--

Excuse

me,

are

you

__________?

---

Yes,

I’m

from

__________.

A.

Japan,

Japanese

B.

China,

Chinese

C.

England,

English

D.American,

America

()8.A

group

of

__________are

talking

with

two__________

over

there.

A.

Frenchmen,

Germans

B.

Frenchmen,

Germen

C.

Frenchmen,

German

D.

Frenchmanes,

Germans

()9.Yesterday

a

few

__________

came

to

visit

some__________

in

Shantou.

A.

German,

places

of

interest

B.

Germans,

places

of

interests

C.

Germans,

places

of

interest

D.

Germen,

places

of

interest。

()10.Two

__________

and

five

__________

are

studying

Chinese

at

Beijing

University.

A.

German,

English

B.

Germans,

English

C.

Germans,

Englishmen

D.

Germen,

Englishmen()11.There

are

twenty

__________

in

our

hospital.

A.

woman

doctors

B.

women

doctor

C.

women

doctors

D.

woman

doctor

()12.__________

are

usually

careful

in

doing

exercises.

A.Girl

students

B.

Girls

students

C.

Girls’

students

D.Girl’s

students

()13.The

delicious

dishes

are

cooked

by

__________.

A.

women

cookers

B.

women

cooks

C

.woman

cooks

D.

woman

cookers

()14.Julie

went

to

the

__________

to

buy

a

pair

of

shoes.

A.

shoes

store

B.

shoe’s

store

C.

shoe

store

D.

shoes’

store

()15.Look

at

the

shoes.

They

are

my

__________.

A.

sister

B.

sisters

C.

sisters’s

D.

sisters'

()16.This

is

__________

room.

Come

in,

please.A.

John

and

Joan

of

B.

John

and

Joan’s

C.

John’s

and

Joan’s

D.

John’s

and

Joan

()17.We

sell

__________

in

our

shop.

A.

woman

and

child’s

clothes

B.

women

and

children

T-shirts

C.

women’s

and

children’s

jackets

D.

woman’s

and

child’s

coats()18.We

had

a

good

time

during

our

__________

holiday.

A.

two

weeks

B.

two-week

C.

two-week’s

D.

two

weeks’

()19.__________

room

is

on

the

5th

floor.

A.

Lucy

and

Lily

B.

Lucy

and

Lily’s

C.

Lucy’s

and

Lily

D.

Lucy’s

and

Lily’s

()20.I

like

that

son

of

__________.

A.

John’s

sister

B.

John

sister’s

C.

John’s

sister’s

D.

John’s

sisters

()21.On

__________,

all

the

children

can

play

games

all

day.

A.

Children’s

Day

B.

Childrens’

Day

C.

The

Children’s

Day

D.children

day

()22.This

is

not

my

cap,

but

my

__________.

A.

brothers

B.

brother’s

C.

brothers’

D.

brother

()23.Tom's

car

is

more

beautiful

than__________.

A.

his

brother's

and

sister

B.

his

brother

and

sister

C.

his

brothers

and

sisters

D.

his

brother's

and

sister's

()24.I’ll

go

and

call

at

__________

right

after

school.

A.

the

doctor

B.

the

Smiths

C.

Smith

D.my

uncle’s

用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。