非謂語動(dòng)詞-動(dòng)詞不定式 高三英語上學(xué)期一輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)

Lesson3非謂語動(dòng)詞

---不定式目錄非謂語概念不定式非謂語動(dòng)詞的概念××eating<totoeateatingtalkingminced不受主語限制，沒有人稱和時(shí)間的變化非謂語動(dòng)詞限定句子的時(shí)間等狀態(tài)，做句子的主動(dòng)詞謂語非謂語動(dòng)詞的不定式動(dòng)詞的不定式（todo）主語賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語表語（主語補(bǔ)語）定語狀語todo不定式作句子的主語動(dòng)詞不定式作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)；也可用it做形式主語，此時(shí)不定式置于句末。①It+v./be+n.+todosth.

Itmeansfailuretoloseyourheart.②Itis+adj.(+of/forsb.)+todosth.(此時(shí)，不定式的邏輯主語是of/for前的sb.）Itisveryhardtofinishtheworkintenminutes.③Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.Ittakesmefifteenminutestogettoschoolbybus.賓語1.常接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有want,hope,wish,offer,plan,wouldlike,pretend,manage,agree,promise,refuse,decide,expect,help.2.有的動(dòng)詞既可以接不定式做賓語，也可以接動(dòng)名詞作賓語，且相互之間意義差別不大：like,love,prefer,hate,bother,begin,start,continue.3.而有些動(dòng)詞接不定式作賓語時(shí)，與接動(dòng)名詞做賓語時(shí)意思不同。如：

stoptodosomething停下（正在做的事情）去做另一件事stopdoingsomething停止做（正在做的）某事remember/forgettodosomething記得/忘記要做某事(事情還沒做)remember/forgetdoingsomething記得/忘記做過某事（事情已經(jīng)做了）regrettodosomething很遺憾要去做某事regretdoingsomething后悔做了某事

在復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)（賓語+賓補(bǔ)）中，會(huì)使用it做形式賓語，而真正的賓語todo則置于賓補(bǔ)后面。接復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)的動(dòng)詞有find,think,feel等。find/think/feel+it+adj.+todosth.IfounditdifficulttolearnEnglish.賓補(bǔ)：加在賓語之后，對賓語起補(bǔ)充說明的作用賓語賓語補(bǔ)足語使役動(dòng)詞或感官動(dòng)詞在加賓補(bǔ)時(shí)要省略toIsawhimcrosstheroad.當(dāng)其改為被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)，不定式的to要加回去Hewasseentocrosstheroad.表語（主語補(bǔ)語）=定語1.位置：不定式一般做后置定語修飾前面的名詞/代詞(人/物)。2.不定式與修飾詞之間的關(guān)系：動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，主謂關(guān)系，同位關(guān)系及狀語關(guān)系。Ineedapentowritewith.Sheisalwaysthefirstpersontocomeandthelasttoleave.Imustkeepthepromisetopaywithinamonth.That'sthewaytodoit.狀語表原因Iwassurprisedtogetathumbs-up.IwassurprisedbecauseIgotathumbs-up.表目的Iwilldoanythingtogetathumbs-up.Iwilldoanything

inorderthatIgetathumbs-up.表結(jié)果Igotenoughthumbs-uptomakeanothervideoIgotenoughthumbs-up,sothatImadeanothervideo.不定式的各種形式一般式進(jìn)行式完成式主動(dòng)式todotobedoingtohavedone被動(dòng)式tobedone/tohavebeendone否定式not+相應(yīng)形式Heseemstoknowthis.Thismeetingistobeheldnextweek.Shepretendedtobereadingbookswhenhepassed.I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Theearliestairplaneissaidtohavebeeninventedinthe1900s.

1.Itisalsobelieved_________(possess)theabilitytobalancetheflowofQi,avitalenergyforcewithinthebody.2.Somehaveevengonesofarastosetupadvertisements__________(welcome)Fubaobackhome.3.Preventionisalwaysbetterthancure;don’twaituntilthedogshowsatendency__________(attack)peoplebeforeseekingasolution.4.Ononehand,manybelievethatdigitalartisnot“real”artan