2025屆云南省保山市高三上學(xué)期一輪復(fù)習(xí)摸底測(cè)試英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高三復(fù)習(xí)階段檢測(cè)卷本試卷滿分150分考試時(shí)間120分鐘第一部分聽(tīng)力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Wheredidthemangetthecat?A.Fromhisneighbor.B.Fromapetstore.C.Fromafriend.2.Whodoesthemanrecommendtotakecareoftheflowers?A.Lily.B.James.C.Thewoman’ssister.3.Whenwillthefilmbegin?A.At2:00.B.At2:15.C.At2:20.4.Whatdoesthemanthankthewomanfor?AGivinghimalift.B.Extendinganinvitation.C.Bringingthedocuments.5.What’stheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Teacherandstudent.B.Husbandandwife.C.Salesmanandcustomer.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Whatarethespeakerstalkingabout?A.Abirthdaygift.B.Ashoppinglist.C.Atripschedule.7.WhatdoesJessewanttodoinspring?A.Holdabirthdayparty.B.Buyagameplayer.C.Rideabikewithfriends.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8.Whatisthewomanprobablygoingtodo?A.Haveaninterview.B.Buyabook.C.Work.9.Whydoesthewomansuggesttakingthesubway?A.It’slesscrowded.B.Itsavesmuchtime.C.Itneedslesswalk.10.Wheredoestheconversationtakeplace?A.Inasquare.B.Atthebusstop.C.Atasubwaystation.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11.Whatmakesthemanupset?A.Seriousillness.B.Failuretofinishhisreport.C.Criticismfromhisprofessor.12.Howdoesthewomansound?A.Concerned.B.Critical.C.Forgiving.13Whatwillthemanprobablydonext?A.Rewritehisreport.B.Turntothewomanforhelp.C.AskProfessorLiforadvice.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第14至16題。14.WhyisSarainthiscity?A.Toattendameeting.B.Togoonafamilytrip.C.Tovisitsomeworkmates.15.WhatmakesSaradissatisfiedwiththehotelinthestreetcorner?A.Itsservice.B.Itsenvironment.C.Itsroomsize.16.WhoisRoy?A.Themalespeaker.B.Theman’sson.C.Thewoman’sworkmate.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Howdotwoshypeopleusuallybehaveattheirfirstmeeting?A.Theyavoideachotherintentionally.B.They’retooshytostartaconversation.C.Theyasktheircommonfriendforhelp.18.What’sthespeaker’ssecondsuggestion?A.Buildingfriends’confidence.B.Offeringfriendsinformation.C.Helpingfriendsmakejudgments.19.Whatshouldonedoaftergettingtwoshyfriendstalkingtoeachother?A.Thinkaboutthenexttopic.B.Getinvolvedintheconversation.C.Leavethemtalkingtoeachother.20.Whatisthespeakerdoing?A.Persuadinghisfriends.B.Sharinghisexperience.C.Hostingaradioprogram.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。ATheArtInstituteofChicagoVisitingtime:Themuseumisopendaily10:30a.m.-5:00p.m.andThursdaysuntil8;00p.m.ItisclosedonThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDayandNewYear’sDay.HighlightsoftheArtInstitute●AmericanArtDiscoverhowartistshaveexpressedmanyaspectsoftheAmericanexperiencethroughtherichvarietyofthiscollection.ThistourmightincludetheworksofartistslikePaulRevere,WinslowHomerandGeorgiaO’Keeffe,orfollowthepathofimmigrantcraftsmenastheycreateddesignsforeverydaylife.●Impressionism:Monet,Degas,RenoirandMoreDropinthecolorandexcitementoflate19th-centurylifeasyouviewoneofthemostadmiredcollectionsofFrenchImpressionismintheworld.●HiddenHistoriesHearstoriesaboutartistsandtheirartworksthatmaybeoverlookedorunderappreciatedforonereasonoranother.Thesecouldbeverysmallworks,quietorout-of-the-wayobjects.●MindfulnessToursSlowdownandtakeinjustafewartworks.Thisexperienceincludesguidedmeditationexercisesandclose,mindfullookingexercisestoallowparticipantstobecontemplative(沉思的)，collaborativeandpresentwithalloftheirsenses.ForfamilieswithchildrenWithfreeadmissionforkidsunder14andChicagoteensunder18,theArtInstituteistheperfectplaceforacreativeoutingwiththewholefamily.VisittheFamilyRoomintheRyanEducationCenter,opendailyfrom10:30a.m.—5:00p.m.exceptThanksgiving,ChristmasandNewYear’sDayandintroduceyourchildrentothemuseum’scollectionswithavarietyofactivities.Assemble(組裝)puzzlesbasedonmasterpiecesinthemuseum,buildarchitecturalwonderswithcolorfulblocks,andlearnaboutartthroughstoriesandgames.Foodisavailableatanon-sitecafe.(Outsidefoodisnotallowedin.)1.OnwhichdaycanonevisitTheArtInstituteofChicago?A.ThanksgivingDay. B.IndependenceDay.C.ChristmasDay. D.NewYear’sDay.2.WhatcanvisitorslearninHiddenHistories?A.Theearlystoriesofsomebigartists. B.Theartworksofsomepotentialartists.C.Somestoriesaboutlesser-knownartists. D.Someartworkswhosecreatorsareunclear.3.WhatcanchildrendointheFamilyRoom?A.Practicestorytellingskills. B.Decoratesomemasterpieces.C.Enjoytheirhome-madefood. D.Takepartinhands-onactivities.【答案】1.B2.C3.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是應(yīng)用文。本文介紹了芝加哥藝術(shù)會(huì)館的一些信息?！驹斀狻?.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Visitingtime”中的“ItisclosedonThanksgivingDay,ChristmasDayandNewYear’sDay.（它在感恩節(jié)、圣誕節(jié)和元旦閉館。）”可知，芝加哥藝術(shù)會(huì)館在獨(dú)立日是開(kāi)放的。故選B。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“HiddenHistories”中的“Hearstoriesaboutartistsandtheirartworksthatmaybeoverlookedorunderappreciatedforonereasonoranother.Thesecouldbeverysmallworks,quietorout-of-the-wayobjects.（聽(tīng)聽(tīng)關(guān)于藝術(shù)家和他們的作品的故事，他們可能因?yàn)檫@樣或那樣的原因而被忽視或不被欣賞。這些可以是非常小的作品，安靜或偏僻的物體。）”可知，參觀者可以了解到一些鮮為人知的藝術(shù)家的故事和作品。故選C。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Assemble(組裝)puzzlesbasedonmasterpiecesinthemuseum,buildarchitecturalwonderswithcolorfulblocks，andlearnaboutartthroughstoriesandgames.Foodisavailableatanon-sitecafe.(Outsidefoodisnotallowedin.）（根據(jù)博物館的杰作組裝拼圖，用彩色積木建造建筑奇跡，通過(guò)故事和游戲了解藝術(shù)。餐廳內(nèi)的咖啡廳提供食物。(外面的食物不允許進(jìn)入。)）”可知，孩子們能參加一些需要?jiǎng)邮值幕顒?dòng)。故選D。BAsacollegestudentinBoston,Iformedthehabitofbuyingusedbooks.Ienjoythehunt,thegoodpriceandtheunrecognizedtreasures.Ifindoldtextbooks,ex-bestsellers,andbooksonsubjectsI’veneverheardofandnowmustlearnallabout.Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.Rereading,forme,isapleasureduringretirement.Thetheaterandtheconcerthallbecomelessappealingtome,alongwithcrowds.Stayingaloneandreadingbookshavebecomeextremelyimportanttome.Literatureneedsthefleshofexperiencetohaveitsfulleffect.Differentbooksoffermeinsightsandwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoysternowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.Whilepackingforamove,whichoccursatintervalsoffivetosevenyears,Iclearmyshelvesandpickmybooks.Iabandonafew,laterregretmydecisions,andlookforthemagain.Severalyearsago,Igotridofbooksrelatedtomyjob-architecture.Someweredesignguides,referencebooks,productcatalogs,andthingsthatwentoutofdate.Somewerehistoricalorcenteredonaperiodoranarchitect.Thesehadgivenmemanyhoursofpleasure.WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.Igaveawaydraftingequipmentandinstruments.Ithrewoutrollsandrollsofpaper,andolddrawingsofprojectscompletedlongago,someofwhichhadevenbeendamaged.Thistime,IstayputinacottagethatsuitsmystatusandI’vemovedoninspirit.NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.4.Whatdoestheauthorconsidermostimportantwhenchoosingusedbooks？A.Theirappealingcovers. B.Theirreasonableprices.C.Theirexcellentcontent. D.Theircollectionvalue.5.Whatdoestheauthorrealizeashegrowsolder?A.Hehasasmallcircleoffriends. B.Hisattitudetowardsworkchanges.C.Hiscommunicationskillsimprove. D.Hehasadeeperunderstandingoflifeandbooks.6.Whydoestheauthormentionbooksonarchitecture?A.Toshowsomebooksareworthreadingrepeatedly.B.TorecommendSirBanisterFletcher’sbooks.C.Tosuggestweavoidmakingpoordecisions.D.Toexplainhisloveforarchitecture.7.Whatcanwelearnabouttheauthorfromthelastparagraph?A.Hewillstopthrowingawayusedbooks.B.Helikesupdatinghiscollectionofusedbooks.C.Heisbadatusingadvanceddraftingequipment.D.Heenjoysleadinganactivelifeinthecountryside.【答案】4.C5.D6.A7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了作者從購(gòu)買(mǎi)二手書(shū)的經(jīng)歷、重新閱讀的意義和不斷更新自己的讀物等幾個(gè)方面說(shuō)明各閱讀的重要性和意義?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段“Idon’tsearchforrarebooks,firsteditions,orleather-boundeditionsbutbooksthatareworthreading.”（我不尋找珍本、第一版或皮面版的書(shū)，而是那些值得一讀的書(shū)。）可知，作者在購(gòu)買(mǎi)書(shū)時(shí)最看重的是書(shū)的內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Differentbooksoffermeinsights（見(jiàn)解）andwaysofexpressingthatstuckinmymindasgrainsofsandinanoyster（牡蠣）nowshinelikepearls.Mytasteinbooksimproveswithage.”（不同的書(shū)籍給我提供了深刻的見(jiàn)解和表達(dá)方式，就像牡蠣里的沙子現(xiàn)在像珍珠一樣閃閃發(fā)光一樣。我對(duì)書(shū)籍的鑒賞力隨著年齡的增長(zhǎng)而提高。）可知，作者隨著年齡的增大，他對(duì)生活和書(shū)本有更深的理解。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段的例子及“WillIeveropentheircoversagain?Certainly.IheldontotheredbulkofSirBanisterFletcher’sAHistoryofArchitectureandbooksonParis,Rome,andBoston.”（我還會(huì)再打開(kāi)他們的封面嗎?當(dāng)然。我手里拿著班尼斯特·弗萊徹爵士的《建筑史》和有關(guān)巴黎、羅馬和波士頓的書(shū)。）可知，作者提到建筑書(shū)籍的目的是說(shuō)明這些書(shū)值得多次閱讀。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“NodoubtIwillacquiremoreusedbooksandthrowawaymorebooksaspassionsgrowandfade,likefeatherschangingwiththeseasons.”（毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，我將獲得更多的二手書(shū)，并扔掉更多的書(shū)，因?yàn)榧で榫拖裼鹈S著季節(jié)的變化而變化。）可知，作者喜歡不斷更新自己的二手書(shū)收藏。故選B項(xiàng)。CMr.CalthorpeisaBerkeley-basedurbanplannerwhoisoneofthecreatorsofNewUrban-ism,whichpromotesmixeduse,walkableneighborhoods.Hisdesignsemphasizetheconnectionofhousing,shoppingandpublicspace.Apopularclaimbytheadvocatesofself-drivingcarsisthatnotonlywilltheyleadtofewercars,fastercommunicationsandathoroughrethinkingofcitieswherefindingaplacetoparkisnolongerapriority.Mr.Calthorperejectstheideasoftechindustrypredictorswhosaypersonalautonomousvehicleswillsoonbethesolutiontourbanproblemsliketrafficjams.Heisnotopposedtoautonomousvehicles.Mr.Calthorpe’squarreliswiththeideathatthewidespreadadoptionofpersonallyownedself-drivingcarswillsolvetransportationproblem.Infact,heworriesitwillleadtomoreurbanjams.Thisyear,Mr.CalthorpechallengedSiliconValleytotakeanotherlookatitshousingandtransportationprobleminaproposalinwhichheasked:“CanmorehousesandstreetssolvetheSanFranciscoBayAreahousingcrisis?”TheValley’shousingcrisiscanbeexplainedindatathatshowsthatsince2010,theregionhasadded11jobsforeverynewhomebuilt;themiddlesizedhousepricehasreached$934,000;andrentshavegoneupby60percentsince2012.Oneoftheconsequencesofthegrowingimbalancebetweenhousingandjobsistheincreasingtrafficjams,accordingtoanUrbanFootprintreport.Toavoidthetrafficjams,Mr.Calthorpeputsforwardaplanwhichrequiresefficientmasstransportation.Hehasproposedanalternative—autonomousrapidtransportationorART—usingfleets(車(chē)隊(duì))ofself-drivingtracksinreservedlanesonmainroadslikeE1CaminoReal.Thoselaneswouldallowthevehiclestotravelfasterandrequirealowerlevelofautonomoustechnology.Andthetruckscouldtravelseparatelyorbeconnectedtogether.8.WhatisMr.Calthorpe’sdreamneighborhoodlike?A.Walkableareaswithemptyspace.B.Connectedareaswithfastertransport.C.Communitieswithfewerself-divingcars.D.Communitieswithconvenientpublicfacilities.9.Whatdothetechindustrypredictorsclaim?A.Parkingisnotaproblemanymore. B.Peopleshouldrejectcardriving.C.Autonomousvehiclescausemoretroubles. D.Self-drivingcarscanerasetrafficjams.10.WhatdoesMr.Calthorpe’squestionaboutSiliconValley’shousingcrisissuggest?A.Hisdoubtaboutthedata. B.Hisdisapprovalofthepractice.C.Hisadviceonavoidingthesuffering. D.Hisacceptanceoftheconsequence.11.WhatisMr.Calthorpe’ssolutiontothetrafficjams?A.Buildingmoreroads. B.Smartfleetsoftrucks.C.Offeringautonomouscars. D.Publictransportation.【答案】8.D9.D10.B11.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章講述了，Mr.Calthorpe不反對(duì)自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)，但他擔(dān)心這會(huì)導(dǎo)致更多的城市擁堵，因此他提出了一個(gè)需要高效大規(guī)模運(yùn)輸?shù)挠?jì)劃來(lái)避免交通堵塞?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第一段中的“Mr.CalthorpeisaBerkeley-basedurbanplannerwhoisoneofthecreatorsofNewUrban-ism,whichpromotesmixeduse,walkableneighborhoods.Hisdesignsemphasizetheconnectionofhousing,shoppingandpublicspace.(Mr.Calthorpe是伯克利市的城市規(guī)劃師，他是新城市主義的創(chuàng)始人之一，新城市主義提倡多用途、可步行的社區(qū)。他的設(shè)計(jì)強(qiáng)調(diào)住房、購(gòu)物和公共空間的聯(lián)系)”可知，新城市主義Mr.Calthorpe提倡多用途、可步行的社區(qū)，社區(qū)中住房、購(gòu)物和公共空間相聯(lián)系，這種社區(qū)公共設(shè)施很便利——這是Mr.Calthorpe夢(mèng)寐以求的社區(qū)。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由第二段中的“Mr.Calthorperejectstheideasoftechindustrypredictorswhosaypersonalautonomousvehicleswillsoonbethesolutiontourbanproblemsliketrafficjams.(Mr.Calthorpe拒絕接受科技行業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)人士的觀點(diǎn)，他們說(shuō)，個(gè)人自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)很快就會(huì)解決交通堵塞等城市問(wèn)題)”可知，科技行業(yè)預(yù)測(cè)者聲稱自動(dòng)駕駛汽車(chē)可以消除交通堵塞。故選D項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】推理判斷題。由第三段“Thisyear,Mr.CalthorpechallengedSiliconValleytotakeanotherlookatitshousingandtransportationprobleminaproposalinwhichheasked:“CanmorehousesandstreetssolvetheSanFranciscoBayAreahousingcrisis?”TheValley’shousingcrisiscanbeexplainedindatathatshowsthatsince2010,theregionhasadded11jobsforeverynewhomebuilt;themiddlesizedhousepricehasreached$934,000;andrentshavegoneupby60percentsince2012.Oneoftheconsequencesofthegrowingimbalancebetweenhousingandjobsistheincreasingtrafficjams,accordingtoanUrbanFootprintreport.(今年，Mr.Calthorpe在一份提案中要求硅谷重新審視其住房和交通問(wèn)題，他在提案中問(wèn)道：“更多的房屋和街道能解決舊金山灣區(qū)的住房危機(jī)嗎？”硅谷的住房危機(jī)可以用數(shù)據(jù)來(lái)解釋，數(shù)據(jù)顯示，自2010年以來(lái)，該地區(qū)每新建一套住房，就增加11個(gè)就業(yè)崗位；中等規(guī)模的房?jī)r(jià)已達(dá)到93.4萬(wàn)美元；自2012年以來(lái)，租金上漲了60%。根據(jù)一份城市足跡報(bào)告，住房和就業(yè)之間日益失衡的后果之一是交通堵塞加劇)”可知，硅谷住房危機(jī)中，住房和就業(yè)失衡會(huì)導(dǎo)致交通堵塞加劇，可得出Mr.Calthorpe不贊成用更多的房屋和街道這種做法來(lái)解決住房危機(jī)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由最后一中的“Toavoidthetrafficjams,Mr.Calthorpeputsforwardaplanwhichrequiresefficientmasstransportation.Hehasproposedanalternative—autonomousrapidtransportationorART—usingfleets(車(chē)隊(duì))ofself-drivingtracksinreservedlanesonmainroadslikeE1CaminoReal.(為了避免交通堵塞，Mr.Calthorpe提出了一個(gè)需要高效大規(guī)模運(yùn)輸?shù)挠?jì)劃。他提出了一種替代性的自動(dòng)快速交通或ART，在E1CaminoReal等主要道路的保留車(chē)道上使用自動(dòng)駕駛軌道車(chē)隊(duì))”可知，Mr.Calthorpe解決交通堵塞的辦法是使用公共交通，在保留的主要道路使用自動(dòng)駕駛軌道車(chē)隊(duì)。故選D項(xiàng)。DHaveyoueverseenoneofthemanyvideosofanelephantgrabbingapaintbrush,puttingitinpaint,andproducingapaintingsimilartosomethinga5-year-oldcouldcreate?Whilewatchinganelephantpaintisanamazingsight,wecan’thelpbutwonderwhetherthetrainingmethodsandresultsreflectanimalcruelty.A2014studyonfourcaptive(圈養(yǎng)的)AsianelephantsattheMelbourneZooinAustraliasoughttoidentifystress-relatedbehaviorsaroundtheactivityofpainting.Whiletheresearchersfoundthattheelephantshadaneutralresponsetopainting—notstressful,norenriching—itseemedthatwhenanelephantwasnotselectedtopaint,itdisplayednon-interactivebehavior.Thisisseenasapossiblesignalofstressintheanimals.Inaddition,PETA,afamousanimalrightsgroup,hascitedseveralAmericanzoosthatuseharmfultrainingmethodstogetelephantstopaint,performtricks,playinstruments,andmore.Noteveryzoothatorganizeselephantpaintingusesaggression(攻擊)toencouragetheelephants.However,PETAarguesthatanimalsheltersshouldnotforceanimalstodotricksatall.Activistorganizationswarnthatelephantscanundergoextremediscomfortinthetrainingprocess.Furthermore,manyofthepaintingelephantsareveryyoung,atanagewheretheyshouldstillbewiththeirmothers.Itraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthere’sachancetheywerecaughtfortheexpresspurposeofperforming,oriftheycouldsomehowberestoredtoareturntothewild.Itisdifficulttosupportanykindoftrainedbehaviorthatdiffersgreatlyfromawildanimal’snaturaltendencies.Theroleofashelter,ideally,istoallowananimaltoliveasclosetoitsnormallifeaspossible,perhapswithaneyetoreturningtheanimaltothewild;teachingthemtopaintdoesnotseemtoalignwiththattarget,particularlyifit’snotalearnedbehaviorthattheanimalwouldbewillingtodoindependently.12.Whatcanbesafelyconcludedfromthe2014study?A.Researchersdidn’tcollectsolidevidence.B.Paintingpromotedelephants’interaction.C.Negativeeffectsofpaintingwereconfirmed.D.Elephantsmadestrongresponsestopainting.13.Whatisaconcernofactivistorganizations?A.Complexityofthetrainingprocess. B.Purposesofelephants’performance.C.Dailyactivitiesofcaptiveelephants. D.Potentialforelephants’returntonature.14.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“alignwith”inthelastparagraphmean?A.Wanderoff. B.Setup. C.Consistwith. D.Goagainst.15Whatmightbethebesttitleforthetext?A.HowPETAHelps? B.WhyAnimalRights? C.ShouldElephantsPaint? D.ShouldElephantsliveincaptivity?【答案】12.A13.D14.C15.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。本文介紹了“大象繪畫(huà)”這一現(xiàn)象可能反映了虐待動(dòng)物的行為，我們不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)迫動(dòng)物進(jìn)行這種訓(xùn)練，而是應(yīng)該讓動(dòng)物盡可能接近其正常生活，或讓它們回歸野外。【12題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Whiletheresearchersfoundthattheelephantshadaneutralresponsetopainting—notstressful,norenriching—itseemedthatwhenanelephantwasnotselectedtopaint,itdisplayednon-interactivebehavior.Thisisseenasapossiblesignalofstressintheanimals.”（盡管研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)大象對(duì)繪畫(huà)的反應(yīng)是中性的——既沒(méi)有壓力，也沒(méi)有豐富——但當(dāng)大象沒(méi)有被選中繪畫(huà)時(shí)，它似乎表現(xiàn)出了非互動(dòng)行為。這被視為動(dòng)物壓力的可能信號(hào)。）可知，研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，當(dāng)大象沒(méi)有被選中繪畫(huà)時(shí)，它似乎表現(xiàn)出了非互動(dòng)行為，但這只被視為動(dòng)物壓力的可能信號(hào)，并不是確鑿的證據(jù)，由此可知，從2014年的研究中可以得出的安全結(jié)論是研究人員沒(méi)有收集到確鑿的證據(jù)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段關(guān)鍵句“Itraisesquestionsaboutwhetherthere’sachancetheywerecaughtfortheexpresspurposeofperforming,oriftheycouldsomehowberestoredtoareturntothewild.”（這引發(fā)了人們的疑問(wèn)，它們是否有可能因?yàn)楸硌荻蛔プ?，或者它們是否可以以某種方式回到野外。）可知，活動(dòng)性社團(tuán)組織擔(dān)心這些表演的大象是否因?yàn)楸硌荻蛔プ?，它們是否可以回到野外，由此可知，活?dòng)性社團(tuán)組織擔(dān)心的是大象回歸自然的可能性。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)句中“Theroleofashelter,ideally,istoallowananimaltoliveasclosetoitsnormallifeaspossible,perhapswithaneyetoreturningtheanimaltothewild”（理想情況下，庇護(hù)所的作用是讓動(dòng)物盡可能接近其正常生活，也許是為了讓動(dòng)物回歸野外）可知，庇護(hù)所的作用是讓動(dòng)物盡可能接近其正常生活，或讓動(dòng)物回歸野外，由此可知，教它們畫(huà)畫(huà)與這個(gè)目標(biāo)不一致，“Consistwith”意為“和……一致”，能夠表達(dá)畫(huà)線短語(yǔ)在句中所要表達(dá)的意思。故選C項(xiàng)。【15題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，結(jié)合第一段關(guān)鍵句“Whilewatchinganelephantpaintisanamazingsight,wecan’thelpbutwonderwhetherthetrainingmethodsandresultsreflectanimalcruelty.”（雖然觀看大象繪畫(huà)是一個(gè)令人驚嘆的景象，但我們不禁懷疑訓(xùn)練方法和結(jié)果是否反映了虐待動(dòng)物的行為。）可知，本文介紹了“大象繪畫(huà)”這一現(xiàn)象可能反映了虐待動(dòng)物的行為，我們不應(yīng)該強(qiáng)迫動(dòng)物進(jìn)行這種訓(xùn)練，而是應(yīng)該讓動(dòng)物盡可能接近其正常生活，或讓它們回歸野外，“ShouldElephantsPaint?”意為“大象應(yīng)該畫(huà)畫(huà)嗎？”選項(xiàng)能夠概括文章主要內(nèi)容。故選C項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Haveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincities?Urbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.____16____It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.Inthecountry,evaporation(蒸發(fā))ofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltheair.____17____Havingfewerplants,citieshavelessevaporationandareunabletocooldownthetemperature.Darkcoloursareanotherproblem.Darkobjectsabsorballwavelengthsoflight,makingthetemperatureincreasemorenoticeably.Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy.____18____Sadly,mostpartsofcitiesarecoveredbyasphalt(瀝青),steel,roofsandbrickswhichareoftendarkincolour.____19____Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.Thewasteheataddstothesolarenergytrappedbythetallbuildings.Butcitiesdon’thavetobesohot.Somecitieshavelightenedtheirstreets.Thisisdonebycoveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating.____20____Havingmoregreenspacesalsohelps.Plantsserveasanaturalairconditioner.Theycatchheat,releasevapour(蒸汽)intotheair,andtakeawayheat,contributingtocooler,freshercities.A.Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.B.Thehigherthetemperature,theshorterthewavelength.C.Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.D.Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.E.Changesinbuildingmaterialshaveaminimaleffectoncitytemperatures.F.Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.G.Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.【答案】16.C17.F18.D19.A20.G【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇科普說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了熱島效應(yīng)。【16題詳解】段末句，考查段落結(jié)論句。根據(jù)上文提示“Haveyounoticedhoweveningscooloffmoreinruralareasthantheydoincities?Urbanareasalsotendtogethotterduringthedaythananynearbyareaswithlotsofgreenery.”（你有沒(méi)有注意到，農(nóng)村的夜晚比城市涼爽得多?城市地區(qū)在白天也往往比附近有很多綠色植物的地區(qū)更熱。）可知，本文是一篇介紹熱島效應(yīng)的科普文。首段的行文邏輯為從現(xiàn)象到結(jié)論，從而引出熱島效應(yīng)這一地理名詞。所以，C項(xiàng)“Thisphenomenonisknownastheurbanheat-islandeffect.”（這種現(xiàn)象被稱為城市熱島效應(yīng)。）符合題意。故選C?！?7題詳解】段中句，考查轉(zhuǎn)折性過(guò)渡句。F選項(xiàng)“Muchofthesoilincities,bycontrast,hasbeencoveredwithroadsandbuildings.”（相比之下，城市的大部分土壤已經(jīng)被道路和建筑物覆蓋。）的“城市的土地被道路和建筑覆蓋”與前一句“evaporationofwaterfromsoilandtheleavesofplantshelpstocooltoair”（土壤和植物葉子中的水分蒸發(fā)有助于冷卻到空氣中）形成轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。這兩句回應(yīng)第二段主題句“It’smainlycausedbythedifferenceinmaterialsthatcoverthegroundinurbanareasandthecountryside.”（這主要是由于城市和農(nóng)村覆蓋地面的材料不同造成的。）故選F。【18題詳解】段中句，考查結(jié)論性過(guò)渡句。空前句子“Incontrast,whiteobjectsreflectallwavelengthsoflightenergy”（相反，白色物體反射所有波長(zhǎng)的光能）和D選項(xiàng)“Soitwillnotbetransformedintoheatwhichmakestheairhot.”（所以它不會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)化為使空氣變熱的熱量。）形成因果關(guān)系。即，白色物品會(huì)反射所有波長(zhǎng)的光，因此能量不會(huì)被轉(zhuǎn)換成熱量，從而讓空氣變熱。故選D?！?9題詳解】段首句，考查段落主題句。A選項(xiàng)“Citiesalsoproducemoreheatthansuburbanareas.”（城市也比郊區(qū)產(chǎn)生更多的熱量。）中的“producemoreheat（產(chǎn)生更多的熱量）”與選項(xiàng)下一句“Aspeopledrivecars,heatbuildings,andrunairconditioners,citiesaregeneratingwasteheatandpouringitintotheatmospheredirectly.”（隨著人們開(kāi)車(chē)、給建筑物供暖和使用空調(diào)，城市正在產(chǎn)生廢熱，并將其直接排放到大氣中。）中的“generatewasteheat（產(chǎn)生廢熱）”形成對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。開(kāi)車(chē)，供暖或是開(kāi)空調(diào)都是產(chǎn)生熱量的行為。故選A。【20題詳解】段末句，考查遞進(jìn)邏輯關(guān)系。本段的討論內(nèi)容為解決熱島效應(yīng)的方法。G選項(xiàng)中的“thesechanges（這些變化）”對(duì)應(yīng)了選項(xiàng)前面一句的方法，即，“coveringblackasphaltstreets,parkinglots,anddarkroofswithamorereflectivegraycoating”（覆蓋黑色瀝青街道、停車(chē)場(chǎng)和深色屋頂?shù)姆垂庑愿鼜?qiáng)的灰色涂層）。同時(shí)，G選項(xiàng)“Thesechangescandecreaseairtemperaturesdramatically,especiallyinsummer.”（這些變化會(huì)使氣溫急劇下降，尤其是在夏天。）進(jìn)一步解釋了這些舉措所能帶來(lái)的好處，與前文形成遞進(jìn)關(guān)系。故選G。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Ilivedwithmymotherandthreeyoungerbrothers.Weneverhadmuch,butthatwasOK,forwemadeendsmeet___21___.Yearslater,Iwas___22___intotheUniversityofPittsburghandreceivedsomeacademicscholarshipsthat___23___mytuition.RoomandboardwerenotincludedsoIchosetopayforthemealplanbutnotthe___24___becauseitwastooexpensive.Idrovemy___25___van(廂式貨車(chē))tothecampusandpurchaseda___26___passsoastoliveinmyvan.The___27___inPittsburghwasbad.Itwassuperhotandhumidinsummerandfreezingcoldandsnowyinwinter.Beinghomeless___28___metouseeverythingthecampushadtooffer___29___Iwantedtospendaslittletimeinmyvanaspossible.Ispentmostofmysparetimeatthe___30___.Besides,Ioftenvisitedmyprofessors’offices.Ididn’treallyspeakmuchunless___31___to,butnotwantingtositaroundinmyvanmademe___32___outofmycomfortzoneanddonewthings.Ireallydevelopeda(n)___33___personalitybecauseofit.Now,Ihavegotareallygoodjobandhavebeen___34___mybrotherstoprepareforlife.Lookingback,Iwanttosaythatsufferingisnotjustanexperienceforme,butapreciousspiritual___35___aswell.21A.either B.somewhat C.anyhow D.still22.A.invited B.admitted C.allowed D.acquired23.A.covered B.consumed C.completed D.contained24.A.books B.food C.clothes D.housing25.A.fashionable B.big C.traditional D.worn26.A.reading B.parking C.swimming D.living27.A.scenery B.atmosphere C.weather D.situation28.A.permitted B.forced C.required D.expected29.A.since B.although C.unless D.while30.A.campus B.playground C.dormitory D.library31.A.shouted B.quarreled C.spoken D.discussed32.A.bring B.take C.run D.step33.A.easygoing B.outgoing C.humorous D.generous34.A.helping B.appointing C.promoting D.warning35.A.influence B.reflection C.wealth D.protection【答案】21.C22.B23.A24.D25.D26.B27.C28.B29.A30.D31.C32.D33.B34.A35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇記敘文。作者家境貧寒，上大學(xué)后沒(méi)有錢(qián)住宿舍，只好住在一輛破舊的廂式貨車(chē)?yán)?。?jiān)強(qiáng)樂(lè)觀的作者充分利用一切機(jī)會(huì)刻苦學(xué)習(xí)并不斷改變、提升自我，最終擁有了幸福的人生?！?1題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我們的錢(qián)不多，但也還好，反正我們的收支相抵。A.either也（不）；B.somewhat稍微，有點(diǎn)；C.anyhow無(wú)論如何，不管怎樣；D.still仍然。根據(jù)“Weneverhadmuch”及轉(zhuǎn)折詞but可知，雖然作者家境貧寒，但是不管怎么說(shuō)，還是能夠設(shè)法做到收支相抵。故選C項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：多年后，我被匹茲堡大學(xué)錄取，并獲得了一些學(xué)術(shù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，以支付我的學(xué)費(fèi)。A.invited邀請(qǐng)；B.admitted承認(rèn)，接收（入學(xué)）；C.allowed允許；D.acquired獲得。根據(jù)下文“receivedsomeacademicscholarships”可知，作者被匹茲堡大學(xué)錄取了，并且拿到了獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：多年后，我被匹茲堡大學(xué)錄取，并獲得了一些學(xué)術(shù)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金，以支付我的學(xué)費(fèi)。A.covered遮蓋，足夠支付；B.consumed消費(fèi)，消耗；C.completed完成；D.contained包含。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句，that指代先行詞scholarships，指作者的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金能夠支付他的學(xué)費(fèi)。故選A項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：房費(fèi)和伙食費(fèi)不包括在內(nèi)，所以我選擇付餐費(fèi)，但不付房費(fèi)，因?yàn)樘F了。A.books書(shū)；B.food食物；C.clothes衣服；D.housing房屋，住宿。根據(jù)下文“soastoliveinmyvan”可知，作者選擇住在廂式貨車(chē)上，所以此處指沒(méi)有錢(qián)支付住宿的費(fèi)用。故選D項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：我開(kāi)著我那輛破舊的廂式貨車(chē)去了學(xué)校，買(mǎi)了一張停車(chē)卡，這樣我就可以住在車(chē)?yán)锪?。A.fashionable時(shí)尚的；B.big大的；C.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；D.worn破舊的。根據(jù)上文內(nèi)容可知，作者家的經(jīng)濟(jì)條件很差，食宿都成問(wèn)題，因此他的廂式貨車(chē)一定是破舊不堪的。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)名詞詞義辨析。句意：我開(kāi)著我那輛破舊的廂式貨車(chē)去了學(xué)校，買(mǎi)了一張停車(chē)卡，這樣我就可以住在車(chē)?yán)锪?。A.reading閱讀；B.parking停車(chē)；C.swimming游泳；D.living居住。根據(jù)常理及下文根據(jù)下文“soastoliveinmyvan”可知，作者想把廂式貨車(chē)長(zhǎng)期停放在校園里，必須購(gòu)買(mǎi)停車(chē)許可證。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：匹茲堡的天氣非常糟糕。A.scenery風(fēng)景；B.atmosphere氛圍；C.weather天氣；D.situation情況。根據(jù)下一句“Itwassuperhotandhumidinsummerandfreezingcoldandsnowyinwinter.(夏天超級(jí)炎熱潮濕，冬天又冷又多雪)”可知，匹茲堡的天氣非常糟糕，夏天炎熱潮濕，冬季寒冷多雪。故選C項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)家可歸迫使我利用學(xué)校提供的一切資源，因?yàn)槲蚁氡M可能少地待在我的廂式貨車(chē)?yán)?。A.permitted批準(zhǔn)，許可；B.forced強(qiáng)迫；C.required需要；D.expected期望。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境并結(jié)合常理可知，沒(méi)有溫暖的住所迫使作者盡可能充分利用校園里能提供的一切便利條件。故選B項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查連詞詞義辨析。句意：無(wú)家可歸迫使我利用學(xué)校提供的一切資源，因?yàn)槲蚁氡M可能少地待在我的廂式貨車(chē)?yán)铩.since因?yàn)?，自從；B.although盡管；C.unless除非；D.while然而，當(dāng)……時(shí)。根據(jù)前后的邏輯關(guān)系可知，此處用since引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句，因?yàn)樽髡呦朐谲?chē)?yán)锎臅r(shí)間盡可能少一些。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我的大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都在圖書(shū)館度過(guò)。A.campus校園；B.playground操場(chǎng)；C.dormitory宿舍；D.library圖書(shū)館。根據(jù)前文“Beinghomeless8metouseeverythingthecampushadtooffer”并結(jié)合常理可知，作者大部分業(yè)余時(shí)間都在學(xué)校圖書(shū)館度過(guò)。故選D項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我很少說(shuō)話，除非有人跟我說(shuō)話，但我不想坐在我的廂式貨車(chē)?yán)?，這讓我走出我的舒適區(qū)，去做新的事情。A.shouted喊叫；B.quarreled吵架；C.spoken說(shuō)話；D.discussed討論。根據(jù)空前“Ididn’treallyspeak”及下文內(nèi)容可