現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)課件

現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1.過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。2.過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成：have/has+v過(guò)去分詞hadbreakfastIhavejusthadmybreakfast.(現(xiàn)在我不餓)I’mnothungrynowmovedherein2000IstilllivehereIhavelivedhereforsixyears.Ihavelivedheresince2000/12yearsago.now現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：“have/has+過(guò)去分詞”現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的肯定回式、否定式和疑問(wèn)式及簡(jiǎn)單回答。（以動(dòng)詞do為例）肯定式I/Youhavedonethework.He/She/Ithasdonethework.We/You/Theyhavedonethework.否定式I/Youhavenot/haven’tdonethework.He/She/Ithasnot/hasn’tdonethework.We/You/Theyhavenot/haven’tdonethework.疑問(wèn)式HaveI/youdonethework?Hashe/she/itdonethework?Havewe/you/theydonethework?簡(jiǎn)單回答Yes,you/Ihave.No,you/Ihaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成：“have/hasbeendoing”現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定回式、否定式和疑問(wèn)式及簡(jiǎn)單回答。（以動(dòng)詞work為例）肯定式I/We/You/Theyhavebeenworking.He/She/Ithasbeenworking.否定式I/We/You/Theyhavenotbeenworking.He/She/Ithasnotbeenworking.疑問(wèn)式HaveIbeenworking?Havewe/you/theybeenworking?Hashe/she/itbeenworking?簡(jiǎn)單回答Yes,youhave.No,youhaven’t.Yes,you/we/theyhave.No,you/we/theyhaven’t.Yes,he/she/ithas.No,he/she/ithasn’t.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法表示過(guò)去的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響，常和just,already,never，ever，yet,notyet，before等狀語(yǔ)連用。

Hehasjustturnedoffthelight.

（燈關(guān)了,現(xiàn)在也是滅的.）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

Ihavealreadydonethedishes.

（盤(pán)子洗了，現(xiàn)在是干凈的。）

Shehasn’tfinishedherhomeworkyet.

（她作業(yè)還沒(méi)有完成，還需要花時(shí)間去做。）

Ihavevisitedyourschoolbefore.

（我以前參觀過(guò)你的學(xué)校。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

如果只表示過(guò)去動(dòng)作的結(jié)果時(shí)，句子中也可以不用時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。Ihavelostmykeys.

（我鑰匙丟了。）Someonehasbrokenthewindow.

（有人打破了窗戶。）Weknowhehaspassedthemathexam.

（我們知道他數(shù)學(xué)考試已及格。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2.表示從過(guò)去某一時(shí)間開(kāi)始，并一直持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在（說(shuō)話時(shí)動(dòng)作剛剛結(jié)束或還要繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去）（此時(shí)常用現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)）的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常和表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如for…,since,thesedays,today,thisweek/,inthepast/lastfewdays等，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。

Wehaveknowneachothersincewewerechildren.（我們還是孩子時(shí)就相互認(rèn)識(shí)。）

Hehaslivedherefor20years. （他已在這兒住了二十年。）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)IhavebeenlearningEnglishfor5years. （我學(xué)英語(yǔ)已經(jīng)五年了。）

IhaveneverbeentotheGreatWall. （我從未去過(guò)長(zhǎng)城。）非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞在否定結(jié)構(gòu)中可以跟表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：Ihaven’tseenyouforalongtime.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)二．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需要注意的問(wèn)題

1.完成時(shí)中短暫性的動(dòng)詞一般不能與表示一段時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。常見(jiàn)的這類動(dòng)詞有：

appear,begin,start,borrow,buy,close,come,die,fall,find,finish,join,leave,lend,sell,stop短暫性動(dòng)詞與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的轉(zhuǎn)換：

leave/go---havebeenaway;join---havebeena…/in…marry---havebeenmarried(to)..;buy---havehad;borrow---havekept;makefriendswithsb.---havebeenfriendswithsb.;come---have/hasbeen…;die---havebeendead/havebeenaway,begin/gettoknow---haveknown…現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)Wemadefriendswitheachother/becamefriendsinOctober,1997.

Wehavebeenfriendsfor10years.Mybrotherjoinedthearmytwoyearsago.

Mybrotherhasbeenasoldierfortwoyears.

Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmyfortwoyears.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)2.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)不能和明確表示過(guò)去時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday,lastweek,in1999,twodaysago,justnow,whenIcamein等。但可以和不明確指出時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。如：already,yet,before,never,ever,lately,recently,once等。1)Isawhimyesterday.Ihaveseenhimbefore.2)Shelivedherein1980.Shehaslivedheresince1980.Shehaslivedherefor24years.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)3.have/hasbeen和have/hasgone的區(qū)別表示“曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”要用“have/hasbeento”；表示“已經(jīng)了某地還未回來(lái)”要用“have/hasgoneto”;

表示“在某地呆了多久”用have/hasbeeninIhavebeentoShanghaithreetimes.HehasneverbeentotheGreatWall.Mr.Wangisnothere.HehasgonetoShanghai.TheGreenshavebeeninChinafor3years.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)I,finish,homeworkIhaven’tfinishedmyhomework.Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?Yes,Ihave./No,Ihaven’t.Ihavefinishedmyhomework.1.她成為一名護(hù)士已經(jīng)三年了。2.我五年前就認(rèn)識(shí)李雷了。3.那些相片我已經(jīng)寄給他了。（post）4.我來(lái)到這個(gè)學(xué)校后，他就一直教我。5.我剛丟了我的歷史書(shū)。Shehasbeenanurseforthreeyears.IhaveknownLileisincefiveyearsago.Ihavealreadypostedthephotostohim.HehastaughtmesinceIcametotheschool.Ihavejustlostmyhistorybook.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)區(qū)分短暫性動(dòng)詞與持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞.表示短暫性(瞬間性)的動(dòng)詞在現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的句中不能和一段時(shí)間連用.即for,since短語(yǔ)或howlong問(wèn)句現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)come/arrivegooutleavebeginbuyborrowjoindiecatchacoldbeat/in…beoutbeaway(from)beonhavekeepbeamemberofbedeadhaveacold現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)改錯(cuò):Howlonghaveyoubecomealeaguemember？

Formorethanoneyear.Haveyouarrivedheresincelastnight?Yes，you’reright.Thedoghasdiedforamonth.HehasgonetoShanghaitwice.Howlonghaveyoubeenatthisschool?Sincetwoyears.beenbeenbeendeadbeenago.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)MakingsentencesThey___________(go)tothecinemaalready.Mr.AndMrs.Li________________(notcome)backyet.John______________(be)totheUSAafewtimes.We_______________(notsee)thatfilmyetI__________________(nottalk)tomycousinsincelastFriday.You_________________(notvisit)meforalongtime.havegonehavenotcomehasbeenhavenotseenhavenottalkedhavenotvisited現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)ChattimeM:______you____(see)anyfilmsrecently,Sandy?S:No,I_______.Whataboutyou?M:Yes,I_____________(see)one.S:Whatisitabout?M:I______________(forget)thetitle.It’saboutHongKong.Haveseenhaven’thaveseenhaveforgotten現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)S:______yourcousin____(go)withyou?M:No,he_______.He___