北京市東城區(qū)2023-2024學(xué)年高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語試卷 含解析

東城區(qū)2023—2024學(xué)年度第二學(xué)期期末統(tǒng)一檢測高一英語2024.7本試卷共10頁，共100分?？荚嚂r長90分鐘?？忌鷦?wù)必將答案答在答題卡上，在試卷上作答無效。考試結(jié)束后，將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。第一部分：知識運用（共三節(jié)，39分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，共10分）閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。Ileftmyhomecountrytopursueadoctor’sdegreeintheUK.IthoughtIwassupposedtofocusonlyonthe___1___.So,whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat,Itendedtokindlyreply“Maybenexttime”.Ispentmydaysmostlyalone,___2___inmywork.EventuallyIfoundIwasfightingincreasing___3___tillithitabreakingpoint.Thenightswerelonganddark.Iscrolledsocialmediatopassthetime.Ieventried“talking”toChatGPT.ButIcouldn’tfeelbetter.Itwasmytutor,Ms.Murphywhofinallyhelpedmeseemy___4___fromanewperspective(視角).AfterItoldherhowIhadbeenfeelingtheselastmonths,she___5___,“Perhapsitisnotaboutfindingsomeonetotalktoatnight.Maybeitisabouttalkingtomoreofyourcolleaguesduringtheday.”HersuggestionmademerealizethatIhadbeenlookingfortheanswerinthe___6___direction.Shehelpedmeseethatjoininginthepeoplearoundmewouldimprovemystateofmindandeven___7___mywork.Ibegantochatwithfriendsmoreandrealizedwewerealldealingwithchallenges,professionallyandpersonally.Ican’tdoeverything___8___.Instead,Ishouldteamwithfriendsandworktogetheroncommongoalsandchallenges.Ialsoneedtotakesometimeawayfromworktoenjoypreviously___9___partsoflife.Thatishowlifeshouldbe,enrichedandcolorful.Thenightsarestillaslongasbefore.However,theyarenotas____10____,asIhaveseenthebrightlightintheday.1.A.health B.work C.custom D.life2.A.settled B.hired C.accepted D.buried3.A.loneliness B.tiredness C.carelessness D.selfishness4.A.education B.situation C.intention D.emotion5.A.announced B.continued C.advised D.whispered6.A.same B.general C.new D.wrong7.A.contributeto B.resultin C.watchover D.setanexamplefor8.A.creatively B.independently C.gradually D.regularly9.A.assumed B.selected C.ignored D.judged10.A.busy B.short C.dark D.silent【答案】1.B2.D3.A4.B5.C6.D7.A8.B9.C10.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，作者離開祖國去英國讀博，因整日埋頭于學(xué)業(yè)而倍感孤獨，為了戰(zhàn)勝孤獨，作者開始建立自己的交際圈，在與朋友交流的過程中體會到自己應(yīng)該和朋友合作，而不是獨立解決所有困難?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我以為我應(yīng)該只專注于工作。A.health健康；B.work工作；C.custom習(xí)俗；D.life生活。根據(jù)下文“Ispentmydaysmostlyalone,___2___inmywork”可知，作者專注于工作，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我大部分時間都是一個人，埋頭工作。A.settled定居；B.hired雇用；C.accepted接受；D.buried專心于。根據(jù)上文“IthoughtIwassupposedtofocusonlyonthe___1___.”中的“focuson”可知，此處指一個人埋頭工作，故選D?！?題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：最后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)自己一直在與日益增加的孤獨感作斗爭，直到它達到了極限。A.loneliness孤獨；B.tiredness疲憊；C.carelessness粗心；D.selfishness自私。根據(jù)上文“Ispentmydaysmostlyalone”可知，作者感到孤獨，故選A。【4題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：是我的導(dǎo)師Murphy女士最終幫助我從一個新的角度看待我的處境。A.education教育；B.situation情況；C.intention意圖；D.emotion情感。結(jié)合上文“ButIcouldn’tfeelbetter.”以及空后“fromanewperspective(視角)”可知，作者只埋頭于工作，孤獨無法排解，此處指導(dǎo)師Murphy女士最終幫助作者從一個新的角度看待自己的處境，故選B?！?題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：在我告訴她我最近幾個月的感受之后，她建議說：“也許這不是找個人在晚上說話的問題。也許是在白天和更多的同事交談?！盇.announced宣布；B.continued繼續(xù)；C.advised建議；D.whispered耳語。根據(jù)下文“Hersuggestion”可知，導(dǎo)師給作者提建議，故選C?！?題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：她的建議使我意識到我一直在錯誤的方向?qū)ふ掖鸢浮.same相同的；B.general一般的；C.new新的；D.wrong錯誤的。上文“So,whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat,Itendedtokindlyreply“Maybenexttime”.Ispentmydaysmostlyalone(因此，當(dāng)同事邀請我和他們一起喝咖啡聊天時，我往往會友好地回答：‘也許下次吧’。我大部分時間都是獨自度過的)”提到作者不和周圍人社交，根據(jù)下文“Shehelpedmeseethatjoininginthepeoplearoundmewouldimprovemystateofmind”可知，導(dǎo)師幫助作者認識到，加入周圍的人會改善精神狀態(tài)，故作者之前一直在錯誤的方向?qū)ふ掖鸢?，故選D。【7題詳解】考查動詞短語辨析。句意：她幫助我認識到，加入我周圍的人會改善我的精神狀態(tài)，甚至有助于我的工作。A.contributeto有助于，促進；B.resultin導(dǎo)致；C.watchover照看；D.setanexamplefor為……樹立榜樣。空處和“improvemystateofmind”并列，是說明好處，even表示遞進關(guān)系，故此處指加入周圍的人會改善精神狀態(tài)，甚至有助于工作，故選A。【8題詳解】考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：我不能獨立做每件事。A.creatively創(chuàng)造性地；B.independently獨立地；C.gradually逐漸地；D.regularly有規(guī)律地。根據(jù)下文“Instead,Ishouldteamwithfriendsandworktogetheroncommongoalsandchallenges.(相反，我應(yīng)該與朋友合作，為共同的目標和挑戰(zhàn)而努力)”可知，不能獨立做每件事情，故選B。【9題詳解】考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我也需要從工作中抽出一些時間來享受以前被忽視的生活。A.assumed假設(shè)；B.selected選擇；C.ignored忽視；D.judged評價。根據(jù)上文“So,whencolleaguesinvitedmetojointhemforacoffeechat,Itendedtokindlyreply“Maybenexttime”.(因此，當(dāng)同事邀請我和他們一起喝咖啡聊天時，我往往會友好地回答：‘也許下次吧’)”可知，以前作者會拒絕同事的邀請，即忽視工作以外的社交生活，故此處指需要從工作中抽出一些時間來享受以前被忽視的生活，故選C?！?0題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，它們并不像以前那樣黑暗，因為我在白天看到過明亮的光。A.busy忙碌的；B.short短的；C.dark黑暗的；D.silent沉默的，寂靜的。此處呼應(yīng)首段中“Thenightswerelonganddark.”，結(jié)合空后“asIhaveseenthebrightlightintheday”可知，作者見過白天明亮的光，故夜晚不像以前那么黑暗了，故選C。第二節(jié)選詞填空（共15小題；每小題1分，共15分）A閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從每篇短文上面的方框中選擇合適的單詞或詞組，并用其正確形式填空。每組詞中有一詞為多余選項。fadeaway,creative,significant,typical,giveupCustomsplaya____11____roleinfestivals,butsometimestheycanchangeovertime.Withthedevelopmentofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmay____12____andothersmaybeestablished.Oneexampleisthe____13____ChineseSpringFestivalcustomoflightingfirecrackerstodriveawaytheevilspiritsandcelebratethenewyear.Nowadays,manybigcities____14____thiscustominordertoavoidairpollution.AnotherexampleisHalloween,whichslowlybecameanexcitingfestivalforchildren,inspiteofitsreligiousorigins.【答案】11.significant12fadeaway13.typical14.havegivenup【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章討論了節(jié)日習(xí)俗的重要性以及它們隨著時間、社會的發(fā)展和新思想的傳播而發(fā)生的變化。11題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：習(xí)俗在節(jié)日中扮演著重要的角色，但有時它們會隨著時間而改變。根據(jù)句意，需要一個形容詞來修飾角色。選項中significant（重要的）和typical（典型的）都是形容詞，但根據(jù)語境，習(xí)俗在節(jié)日中通常是重要的，因此選擇significant。故填significant?！?2題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：隨著現(xiàn)代社會的發(fā)展和新思想的傳播，一些傳統(tǒng)可能會逐漸消失，而其他傳統(tǒng)可能會被建立起來。這里需要一個動詞來和下文的establish形成對比。選項中fadeaway（逐漸消失）符合句意，表示傳統(tǒng)可能會逐漸消失或不再流行。故填fadeaway?！?3題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：一個例子是典型的中國春節(jié)放鞭炮的習(xí)俗，用以驅(qū)趕邪靈并慶祝新年。這里需要一個形容詞來修飾習(xí)俗。根據(jù)語境，春節(jié)放鞭炮是一個具有代表性的傳統(tǒng)，因此選擇typical（典型的）。故填typical?！?4題詳解】考查動詞短語。句意：如今，為了減少空氣污染，許多大城市放棄了這一習(xí)俗?？仗幦鄙僦^語，根據(jù)下文的“avoidairpollution”可知，此處表示很多大城市放棄了這一習(xí)俗。giveup（放棄）符合句意，此處表示過去發(fā)生的動作對現(xiàn)在造成的影響，所以空處謂語動詞需用現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)：have/hasdone,主語是復(fù)數(shù)，所以此處助動詞需用have。故填havegivenup。B閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從每篇短文上面的方框中選擇合適的單詞或詞組，并用其正確形式填空。每組詞中有一詞為多余選項。observe,establish,launch,approachChinabecamethethirdcountryintheworldtoindependentlysendhumansintospacein2003.FollowingShenzhou5,6and7,China____15____theTiangong2spacelabintospaceandTianzhou1todockwithit.ThissignalledonestepfurtherinChina’splan____16____aspacestationinthefuture.Morerecently,ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsand____17____.【答案】15.launched16.toestablish17.observations【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文章主要介紹了中國在航空航天方面的成就?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：繼神舟5號、6號和7號之后，中國將天宮2號空間實驗室送入太空，并將天舟1號與之對接。結(jié)合空后的“theTiangong2spacelabintospace”可知，此處指“中國將天宮2號空間實驗室送入太空”，launch“發(fā)射”，動詞，句子是描述過去發(fā)生的事情，使用一般過去時，故填launched?！?6題詳解】考查非謂語動詞。句意：這標志著中國在未來建立空間站的計劃又向前邁進了一步。結(jié)合句意及空后的“aspacestation”可知，此處指“建立空間站”，establish“建立”，動詞，使用不定式作名詞plan的后置定語，故填toestablish?！?7題詳解】考查名詞。句意：最近，中國發(fā)射了嫦娥四號探測月球背面的表面，進行測量和觀測。根據(jù)“ChinahassentChang’e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoon”可知，此處指“中國發(fā)射了嫦娥四號探測月球背面的表面，進行測量和觀測”，observe“觀察”，動詞，空處和measurements并列作賓語，應(yīng)用名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式observations，故填observations。C閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文上面的方框中選擇合適的單詞或詞組，并用其正確形式填空。每組詞中有一詞為多余選項。thus,maintain,onthebasisof,particular,familiarOnlinerelationshipsmaynotbewhattheyappeartobe.Friendshipsarebuilt____18____trust,andwithonlinecommunicationyoucanneverbe100percentsurethatthepeopleyouarechattingtoarebeinghonestaboutwhotheyare.Becauseofthis,goingonlinecanbe____19____dangerousforpeoplewhoareeasilyinfluencedortootrusting.____20____,friendsshouldfocusmoreonface-to-facecommunication,andlessononlinecommunication.Thisisthebestwayto____21____healthyrelationships.【答案】18.onthebasisof19.particularly20.Thus21.maintain【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。文章簡要介紹了網(wǎng)絡(luò)關(guān)系的潛在風(fēng)險，強調(diào)了在線交流中信任的不確定性，并建議為了維持健康的人際關(guān)系，朋友之間應(yīng)該增加面對面的交流，減少網(wǎng)絡(luò)交流?！?8題詳解】考查介詞短語。句意：友誼是建立在信任的基礎(chǔ)上的，通過在線交流，你永遠無法百分百確定與你聊天的人對自己是誰是誠實的。句子主干成分完整，空處應(yīng)該是和trust搭配，作狀語，結(jié)合“Friendshipsarebuilt”可推知，介詞短語onthebasisof“在……的基礎(chǔ)上”符合題意，表示友誼是建立在信任的基礎(chǔ)上的。故填onthebasisof?！?9題詳解】考查副詞。句意：正因為如此，上網(wǎng)對那些容易受影響或過于輕信的人來說尤其危險?？仗幮揎椥稳菰~dangerous，結(jié)合“peoplewhoareeasilyinfluencedortootrusting”可推知，形容詞particular的副詞形式particularly“尤其”符合題意，作狀語，表示對那些容易受影響或過于輕信的人來說尤其危險。故填particularly?！?0題詳解】考查副詞。句意：因此，朋友之間應(yīng)該多面對面交流，少在網(wǎng)上交流。句子主干成分完整，結(jié)合空處位于第二段的句首，是基于第一段的內(nèi)容給出建議可推知，副詞thus“因此”符合題意，且句首單詞首字母應(yīng)大寫。故填Thus?！?1題詳解】考查動詞。句意：這是維持健康關(guān)系的最好方法。way后通常跟動詞不定式作定語，表示“……的方法”，結(jié)合“healthyrelationships”可推知，動詞maintain“維系，維持”符合題意，表示維持健康關(guān)系，且maintain應(yīng)用原形。故填maintain。D閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從每篇短文上面的方框中選擇合適的單詞或詞組，并用其正確形式填空。每組詞中有一詞為多余選項。concern，hire,access,grateful，enableWorkingatabookstorewasadreamjobforJoel.Hecouldn’tbelievehe____22____onthedayofhisinterview.Joelfelt____23____tobeworkingatwherehewas.Joellovedreadingbooksinhissparetime.WorkingatabookstorenotonlygaveJoel____24____tobooks,but____25____himtointeractwithotherfellowbookworms.Joeloftenwouldrecommendbookstocustomers,andcustomerswoulddothesameforJoel.【答案】22.washired23.

grateful24.access25.enabled【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，文主要介紹了Joel在書店的工作。【22題詳解】考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。句意：他不敢相信自己在面試當(dāng)天就被錄用了。根據(jù)上文“Workingatabookstore”以及空后“onthedayofhisinterview”可知，此處指“他不敢相信自己在面試當(dāng)天就被錄用了”，hire“雇用”，動詞，和主語he之間是被動關(guān)系，且是描述過去發(fā)生的事情，應(yīng)用一般過去時的被動語態(tài)，主語表示單數(shù)意義，故填washired。【23題詳解】考查形容詞。句意：Joel很感激能在他所在的地方工作。根據(jù)上文“WorkingatabookstorewasadreamjobforJoel.(在書店工作是Joel夢寐以求的工作)”可知，此處指“Joel很感激能在他所在的地方工作”，grateful“感激的”，形容詞，作表語，故填grateful。【24題詳解】考查名詞。句意：在書店工作不僅讓Joel有機會接觸書籍，還讓他可以與其他書蟲進行互動。根據(jù)“Workingatabookstore”可知，此處指“在書店工作不僅讓Joel有機會接觸書籍”，access“（使用或見到的）機會，權(quán)利”，不可數(shù)名詞，作賓語，故填access?！?5題詳解】考查動詞。句意：同上。結(jié)合“himtointeractwithotherfellowbookworms”可知，此處指“讓他可以與其他書蟲進行互動”，enable“使能夠，使成為可能”，動詞，enablesbtodosth“使某人能做某事”，結(jié)合gave可知句子是一般過去時，此處使用動詞過去式，故填enabled。第三節(jié)翻譯句子（共7小題；每小題2分，共14分）請將下面的中文句子翻譯成英文，翻譯時須運用括號內(nèi)所給的詞匯或語法。請將答案書寫在答題卡相應(yīng)位置。26.我很樂意做你的導(dǎo)游。(willing)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】I’mwillingtobeyourguide.【解析】【詳解】考查固定短語。“樂意做某事”使用固定短語bewillingtodosth，“導(dǎo)游”使用名詞guide，句子是描述一個事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，故翻譯為：I’mwillingtobeyourguide.27.我們用了幾個小時研究這個國家的歷史。(spend)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Wespentseveralhoursstudyingthehistoryofthecountry.【解析】【詳解】考查動詞時態(tài)。表示“花費時間做某事”用spendtimedoingsth.，study(研究)使用動名詞形式作賓語，表示“幾個小時”用severalhours；表示“研究這個國家的歷史”用studythehistoryofthecountry。句子表述過去事實，故使用一般過去時。故翻譯為Wespentseveralhoursstudyingthehistoryofthecountry.28.盡管有挑戰(zhàn)，他仍然保持積極。(inspiteof)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Inspiteofthechallenges,hestillremainspositive.【解析】【詳解】考查介詞短語?！氨M管”使用介詞短語inspiteof，“有挑戰(zhàn)”使用名詞復(fù)數(shù)challenges作賓語，“仍然”使用副詞still，“保持”使用連系動詞remain，“積極”使用形容詞positive作表語，句子是描述一個事實，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時，主要he表示單數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用單數(shù)，故翻譯為：Inspiteofthechallenges,hestillremainspositive.29.受到老師的鼓勵，她決定參加書法比賽。(動詞過去分詞形式；thecalligraphycompetition)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Inspiredbytheteacher,shehasdecidedtotakepartinthecalligraphycompetition.【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞、動詞短語和名詞（短語）?！笆艿嚼蠋煹墓膭睢笨煽醋魇窃驙钫Z，用非謂語表示，“受到……的鼓勵”可用過去分詞短語inspiredby，“老師”可用名詞theteacher，動詞inspire和teacher是被動關(guān)系，所以用過去分詞作狀語；句子可視為描述過去發(fā)生的行為現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果，時態(tài)宜用現(xiàn)在完成時，主語“她”用代詞she，“決定做某事”可用動詞短語decidetodosth.，“參加”可用動詞短語takepartin，“書法比賽”應(yīng)用名詞短語thecalligraphycompetition。故可譯為：Inspiredbytheteacher,shehasdecidedtotakepartinthecalligraphycompetition.30.屬于不同國家的文化會有一些相同之處。(belongto)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomesimilarities./Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomethingincommon.【解析】【詳解】考查非謂語動詞和時態(tài)。表示“文化”用culture，此處表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，故用cultures；表示“屬于”用belongto，此處使用現(xiàn)在分詞作后置定語，表示“不同的國家”用differentcountries；表示“有著一些相同之處”用havesomesimilarities或者havesomethingincommon。句子表述客觀事實，故使用一般現(xiàn)在時。故答案為Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomesimilarities./Culturesbelongingtodifferentcountrieshavesomethingincommon.31.圖書館是人們可以利用大量信息的地方。(定語從句)(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】Thelibraryisaplacewherepeoplecanutilizeavastamountofinformation.【解析】【詳解】考查定語從句。題目要求使用定語從句翻譯，經(jīng)分析，可以將圖書館作為先行詞，主句翻譯為Thelibraryisaplace，從句是“在圖書館人們可以利用大量信息”，也就是先行詞place在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)攸c狀語，使用where引導(dǎo)從句。從句中，“利用”可翻譯為utilize，“大量信息”可翻譯為avastamountofinformation，描述客觀事實，整個句子使用一般現(xiàn)在時即可。故整句可翻譯為Thelibraryisaplacewherepeoplecanutilizeavastamountofinformation.32.互聯(lián)網(wǎng)已令我們的生活大為改善。(被動語態(tài))(漢譯英)____________________________________________________________________________【答案】OurlifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.【解析】【詳解】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)?！拔覀兊纳睢弊g為ourlife，作主語，“改善”使用動詞improve，“大為”使用副詞greatly修飾動詞，主語和動詞improve之間是被動關(guān)系，且此處描述過去發(fā)生的事情對現(xiàn)在的影響，使用現(xiàn)在完成時的被動語態(tài)，由介詞by引出動作的執(zhí)行者，主語表示單數(shù)意義，助動詞使用has，故翻譯為：OurlifehasbeengreatlyimprovedbytheInternet.第二部分：閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，30分）第一節(jié)（共10小題；每小題2分，共20分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。ATylerDisonhadjustfinishedhisnightshift(夜班)whenacallcameacrosstheradio.Anapartmentnearthepolicestationhadcaughtfireandthedispatcher(調(diào)度員)reporteda3-year-oldchildtrappedinside.Thoughfirefighterswereontheway,Tylerknewhecouldgettheresooner.Andso,the25-year-oldpoliceofficerracedtothescenedeterminedtohelp.“Imustsavethischildatallcosts,”hethought.WhenTylerDisonarrivedattheapartmentbuilding,hesawfireflamesshootingoutofthewindows.Thepoliceofficergavenothoughttohisownsafety.Instead,herushedintotheflames.Rushingintotheapartmentfilledwithflamesandthick,blacksmoke.Tylerimmediatelybegansearchingforthechild.Theheatwasunbearablebutthebraveofficerrefusedtogiveupuntil,atlast,helocatedthechild.OfficerDisonracedoutwiththe3-year-oldboyinhisarms,takingthechildtohispolicecar.Thebraveherothendrovetomeettheambulance(救護車)halfwaysotheboycouldreceivemedicalattentionasquicklyaspossible.“IfIhadn’tdonesomething,thatbabywouldhavedied,”O(jiān)fficerDisonexplained.“Hisbreathingwasveryshallow,andhewasn’treallyresponding.”O(jiān)fficerDisongotburnedinhisarm.However,itdidn’tmattertoTylerDison.Allhecaredaboutwassavingthe3-year-old.Andthankstohiscourage,thelittleboygotthehelpheneededandisgoingtobejustfine.“I’msohappythatbabyisdoingOK,”Tylersaid.“Igrewupinthistown,Iwanttoprotectitalways.”ThecallTylerDisonreceivedthatdaywasunlikeanyonehehadeverexperienced.Evenso,whenhearrivedatthescene,Tyler’spasttrainingandhisdeepdesiretosavelivestoldhimjustwhattodo.33.WhatdidTylerDisonchoosetodoafterhereceivedthecall?A.Calltheambulance. B.Jointhefirefighters.C.Rushtothefirescene. D.Finishhisnightshift.34.Theboy’slifewasfinallysavedbecause______.A.herefusedtogiveuphopeB.hereceivedtreatmentintimeC.DisonhelpedhimgethisbreathbackD.Disonwastednotimeputtingoutthefire35.WhatarethebestwordstodescribeTylerDison?A.Responsibleandhonest. B.Braveandadventurous.C.Courageousandselfless. D.Independentandhumorous.【答案】33.C34.B35.C【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文，25歲的警官TylerDison在準備下班時得知有一處公寓著火了，一個3歲的男童被困其中，他立刻驅(qū)車趕到火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場，不顧自身安危沖進著火的公寓樓，將男童及時救了出來?！?3題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Thoughfirefighterswereontheway,Tylerknewhecouldgettheresooner.Andso,the25-year-oldpoliceofficerracedtothescenedeterminedtohelp.(雖然消防員已經(jīng)在路上了，但Tyler知道他可以更快到達那里。于是，這位25歲的警察迅速趕到現(xiàn)場，決心提供幫助)”可知，TylerDison在接到電話后選擇趕往火災(zāi)現(xiàn)場，故選C?！?4題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中“Thebraveherothendrovetomeettheambulance(救護車)halfwaysotheboycouldreceivemedicalattentionasquicklyaspossible.(這位勇敢的英雄隨后開車去接救護車，以便男孩能盡快接受治療。)”和倒數(shù)第三段中“Andthankstohiscourage,thelittleboygotthehelpheneededandisgoingtobejustfine.(多虧了他的勇氣，小男孩得到了他需要的幫助，很快就會好起來的)”可知，男孩最終被救是因為他得到了及時的治療，故選B?！?5題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中“Thepoliceofficergavenothoughttohisownsafety.Instead,herushedintotheflames.(那個警察沒有考慮到自己的安全。相反，他沖向了火焰)”和第四段中“Theheatwasunbearablebutthebraveofficerrefusedtogiveup(酷熱難耐，但這位勇敢的軍官拒絕放棄)”以及倒數(shù)第三段中“Allhecaredaboutwassavingthe3-year-old.(他只想著救那個三歲的孩子)”可知，TylerDison勇敢無私，故選C。BNowadays,thestreamingmusicfieldisfilledwithseeminglysimilarservicesandinterchangeablefunctions.However,adeeperdiveshowsthatmanyofthehighest-ratedstreamingmusicappsincludeawiderangeoffeatures.We’vetestedthenotablenamestohelpyounarrowdownyourchoices.WhyWePickedItLiveOnefeaturesadeepwellofqualitylisteningmaterial,whichincludesinformativeDJs,numerouspodcasts(播客)radiotheatres,andconcertstreams.WhoIt’sForRockmusicfanswilldigLiveOne,whichfocusesonthelivemusicexperience.Ifyourfavoritebandiscomingtotown,youcanpurchaseticketstoseeashowinpersonorenjoytheshowvialivestreamonyourmobilephone.WhyWePickedItByjoiningliveradio,in-studioartistinterviews,andtraditionalstreamingaudiotogether,SiriusXMownsitssecrettosuccess.Anextremelygenerousthree-monthtryoutletsyouexploretheservice’sofferingsbeforepayingcash.WhoIt’sForSiriusXMistheperfectserviceforradioloverswhowanttopursuelifestyleandnewshows.There’sacomfortingnostalgia(懷舊)thatcomesfromsurfingchannelsontheradio,andSiriusXMbringsthatold-schoolmemoriestoyourvehicleormobiledevice.WhyWePickedItThemusicstreamingindustryisaparticularlycompetitivefield,soDeezer,whichenteredthescenein2016,hasitscompetitiveness.Still,Deezerisawell-roundedpackagethatoffersmusic,liveradioshow,andpodcasts,aswellasafewinterestingpartstomaketheserviceworthyourwhile.WhoIt’sForOneofDeezer’smostinterestingfeaturesisitsabilitytoimportMP3files.Ifyouhaveyourfavoritemusicfilessavedonacomputer,youcanuploadthemtoyouraccountviaDeezer’swebsite.WhyWePickedItThere’snoshortageofstreamingmusicservicesthathighlighttrendingmusic.Whenitcomestoclassicalmusic,however,manyservicesfallshort.Idagiooffersalargerecordofhigh-qualityclassicalmusic,aswellaslive-streamedconcertsandinterviews.WhoIt’sForThereareplentyofmusicstreamingserviceswithclassicaltunes,butIdagiohasthetype-specifictoolsyouneedtofindthemusicyouwant.36.Ifyouwanttoexperiencelive-streamedclassicalmusic,youcandownload______.A.LiveOne B.SiriusXM C.Deezer D.Idagio37.WhatmakesSiriusXMdifferentfromothers?A.Itprovidesliveradioshow. B.Itoffersshort-termfreeuse.C.Itispopularwitholdschools. D.Itcanbeusedonmobilephones.38.Thepassageisintendedto______.A.introducethemusiconmusicappsBsharethefeaturesofdifferentmusicappsC.rateservicesonthefourpopularmusicappsD.giveinstructionsonthedownloadofmusicapps【答案】36.D37.B38.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了四個音樂流媒體平臺?！?6題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中最后一個部分中的“Whenitcomestoclassicalmusic,however,manyservicesfallshort.Idagiooffersalargerecordofhigh-qualityclassicalmusic,aswellaslive-streamedconcertsandinterviews.(然而，當(dāng)涉及到古典音樂時，許多服務(wù)都不足。Idagio提供了高質(zhì)量的古典音樂，以及直播音樂會和采訪的大量記錄。)”可知，如果對古典音樂感興趣，可以選擇Idagio。故選D?！?7題詳解】細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)表格中第二部分中“Anextremelygenerousthree-monthtryoutletsyouexploretheservice’sofferingsbeforepayingcash.(一個極其慷慨的三個月試用讓你在支付現(xiàn)金之前探索服務(wù)的產(chǎn)品。)”可知，該音樂流媒體平臺提供短期的免費使用，使其與眾不同。故選B?！?8題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中“Nowadays,thestreamingmusicfieldisfilledwithseeminglysimilarservicesandinterchangeablefunctions.However,adeeperdiveshowsthatmanyofthehighest-ratedstreamingmusicappsincludeawiderangeoffeatures.We’vetestedthenotablenamestohelpyounarrowdownyourchoices.(如今，流媒體音樂領(lǐng)域充斥著看似相似的服務(wù)和可互換的功能。然而，更深入的研究表明，許多排名最高的流媒體音樂應(yīng)用程序都包含了廣泛的功能。我們測試了一些著名的名字，以幫助你縮小選擇范圍。)”可知，文章的目的是許多排名最高的流媒體音樂應(yīng)用程序都包含了廣泛的功能，文章對此進行介紹即分享不同音樂應(yīng)用程序的功能。故選B。CArsenyMoskvichevdreamsofthedayhecanhaveameaningfulconversationwithartificialintelligence.ButtheproblemisthatLargeLanguageModels(LLMs)arecompleteamnesiacs.“Eventhemostadvancedchatbotscanonlyprocessabout16,000wordsoftextwithinaprompt(提示框)wheninconversationwithahumanuser,”saysthecognitiveandcomputerscientist.“Theyonlyhavesomuchcontexttheycanattendto.Ifyou’reoutofthiscontext,theyforgeteverythingyouspokeaboutwiththem.Andtheycan’tconnecttheinformationtheyreceiveduringdifferent‘conversations’withahuman,orbuildastoryline.”Tohelpchatbotsimprovetheircomprehensionofthedeepcomplexities(復(fù)雜性)ofcontext,Moskvichevandhiscolleaguesareteachingthemtoreadnovels,thewaywemightlearntoreadtheminhighschoolliteratureclasses.Theactofreadinganovelmightseemlikeanentertaining(娛樂的)pastime,butitrequiresintelligence.Weusememoryandcomplexcomprehensiontofollowmultiplecharactersthroughplots,scenechanges,andnarrative.Theaveragenovelaveragesaround80,000words.Allthosewordsgraduallybuildastoryweholdandexamineinourminds.ButsuchskillsarecurrentlyoutofreachtoLLMs,whichcanprocesstextbutcannotbesaidtoreadthewaywedo.Moskvichevandhisgroupbuiltanewdatabasefrom1,500books.TheytrainLLMsinreadingcomprehensionbyhavingtheAIreadabookinthedatabase,analyzinglongstretchesoftext,thenaskingittofindacorrectscenesummaryfromapoolofoptions.AsatrainingtoolthedatabaseoffersmorethanamillionquestionsforLLMstopracticeon.However,toaccuratelysummarizeabookrequiressomeonetoreadit,anddesignthetrainingquestions.“It’sveryexpensivetocollectadatasetofthistype,”Moskvichevsays.Itisherethatthescientistsshowedtheirpowerofcreativeimagination—theygotChatGPT-3.5tosummarizeshortbooksections.Itisanexampleofamachinebeingusedtotrainamorepowerfulmachine.WhileMoskvichevandhisgrouphavefoundtheLLMsstillmakemistakesabouthalfofthetime,theyhaveobservedsignificantimprovementintrainedLLMperformanceversusuntrained.“There’sstillroomforimprovement,”Moskvichevsays.39.Theunderlinedword“amnesiacs”inPara1referstothepeoplewho______.A.tendtoforgetthings B.arepooratgivingspeechC.sticktoone’sownopinion D.havetroubleanalyzingtexts40.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph2?A.WhatisrelatedtohumansandAIneedsdeepcomprehension.B.WhatmatterstoAImaybeofthesameimportanceforhumans.C.WhathumansdotorelaxthemselvescanbeabigtroubleforAI.D.WhathumansandAIsharemaybesomeseeminglysimpleskills.41.ForMoskvichevandhisgroup,whatisthechallengeofbuildingtrainingtoolsforchatbots?A.Raisingnarrativeability. B.Seekingsuitablenovels.C.Designingtrainingtools. D.Findinghumanresources.42.WhatisMoskvichev’sattitudetowardLLMs’future?A.Positive. B.Doubtful. C.Worried. D.Changing.【答案】39.A40.C41.D42.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文的體裁是說明文，主要介紹了人工智能領(lǐng)域中大型語言模型（LLMs）在處理上下文理解方面的局限性，以及科學(xué)家ArsenyMoskvichev和他的團隊如何通過訓(xùn)練這些模型閱讀小說來提高它們的閱讀理解能力?！?9題詳解】詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第一段“Theyonlyhavesomuchcontexttheycanattendto.Ifyou’reoutofthiscontext,theyforgeteverythingyouspokeaboutwiththem.Andtheycan’tconnecttheinformationtheyreceiveduringdifferent“conversations”withahuman,orbuildastoryline.(他們只能關(guān)注有限的上下文。如果你離開了這個上下文，他們會忘記你和他們說過的一切。他們無法將在不同“對話”中接收到的信息聯(lián)系起來，也無法構(gòu)建一個故事線)”可知，LLMs只能關(guān)注有限的上下文，超出范圍就會忘記，所以“ButtheproblemisthatLargeLanguageModels(LLMs)arecomplete

amnesiacs.(但問題是大型語言模型（LLMs）是完全

amnesiacs。”中的“amnesiacs”指的是會忘記事情的人。故選A項。【40題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段“Theactofreadinganovelmightseemlikeanentertaining(娛樂的)pastime,butitrequiresintelligence.Weusememoryandcomplexcomprehensiontofollowmultiplecharactersthroughplots,scenechanges,andnarrative.Theaveragenovelaveragesaround80,000words.Allthosewordsgraduallybuildastoryweholdandexamineinourminds.ButsuchskillsarecurrentlyoutofreachtoLLMs,whichcanprocesstextbutcannotbesaidtoreadthewaywedo(閱讀小說的行為可能看起來像是一種娛樂性的消遣，但它需要智力。我們使用記憶和復(fù)雜的理解能力來跟隨多個角色在情節(jié)、場景變化和敘述中的發(fā)展。平均而言，一本小說大約有80,000個單詞。所有這些單詞逐漸構(gòu)建了一個我們在腦海中持有并審視的故事。但這樣的技能目前對LLMs來說還遙不可及，它們可以處理文本，但不能像我們這樣閱讀)”可知第二段主要講述了閱讀小說這一人類的娛樂活動需要運用記憶和復(fù)雜的理解能力，而目前LLMs還無法達到這種能力，即閱讀這一對人類來說是放松自己的活動，對AI來說卻是一項巨大的挑戰(zhàn)。故選C項。【41題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“However,toaccuratelysummarizeabookrequiressomeonetoreadit,anddesignthetrainingquestions.“It’sveryexpensivetocollectadatasetofthistype,”Moskvichevsays.(然而，要準確地總結(jié)一本書需要有人去閱讀它，并設(shè)計訓(xùn)練問題?！占@種類型的數(shù)據(jù)集非常昂貴，’莫斯克維奇說)”可知，為聊天機器人構(gòu)建訓(xùn)練工具的挑戰(zhàn)在于需要有人閱讀書籍并設(shè)計訓(xùn)練問題，而收集這種類型的數(shù)據(jù)集非常昂貴；由此推知，Moskvichev和他的團隊在為聊天機器人構(gòu)建訓(xùn)練工具時面臨的挑戰(zhàn)是找到人力資源。故選D項?！?2題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“WhileMoskvichevandhisgrouphavefoundtheLLMsstillmakemistakesabouthalfofthetime,theyhaveobservedsignificantimprovementintrainedLLMperformanceversusuntrained.“There’sstillroomforimprovement,”Moskvichevsays.(雖然Moskvichev和他的團隊發(fā)現(xiàn)LLMs仍然有一半的時間會犯錯誤，但他們觀察到訓(xùn)練過的LLM性能相比未訓(xùn)練的有了顯著提升。‘還有改進的空間，’Moskvichev說)”可知，盡管還有錯誤和改進的空間，但他們看到了訓(xùn)練后的進步；因此，Moskvichev對LLMs的未來持積極態(tài)度。故選A項。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2分，共10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的七個選項中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項，并在答題卡上將該項涂黑。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Traditionsareawayoflifeformanypeople.Theyarepasseddownfromgenerationtogeneration,oftenwithlittlechangeovertime.____43____Dotheylosetheirmeaningandsignificance,ordotheyadaptandbecomemoreconnectedtothecurrenttimes?Traditionsareoftenseenasunchangingpartsofculture.However,theyarenotcarvedinstone.____44____Forexample,sometraditionalcelebrationsmayincludenewactivitiesortechnologiesthatwerenotpresentinthepast,buttheystillkeepthekeyelementsthatmakethecelebrationunique.____45____Sometraditionsmaychangeduetotheinfluenceofotherculturesornewtechnologies.Othersmayevolve(演變)duetoshiftsinvalues.Aperfectexampleisweddingtraditions.Modernweddingsmayabsorbtraditionalaspectslikethewhitedress,butmayalsoincludenewerideasliketechnology-enhanceddesign.Whenatraditionchanges,thereisalwaysthepossibilityforittoloseitssignificanceormeaning.Forexample,ifacommunity’straditionalharvestcelebrationischangedtoincludenewtechnology,itmaynotfeeltraditionalanymore.____46____Thosewhohavekeptupwiththechangingtimeswhilestillpreservingtheirculturalheritagehavefoundwaystorevivetheirtraditionsandevenmakethemmoreinterestingandrelatedtothegeneralpeople.Inconclusion,traditionisever-evolving.____47____Instead,theygivethetraditionsmeaningandresonate(共鳴)withpeopleinnewandexcitingways.Thus,whiletraditionsmaychange,theyarestillimportanttoholdontoour