高中英語譯林版選修一：Unit 1 Period 6　Extended reading Other parts-Language points

Period6Extendedreading&Otherparts—LanguagepointsⅠ.單詞拼寫1．Abalanceddietandregularexercisearebothessentialforourhealth.2．Sometimesinrestaurantbadatmospherewillspoilourappetite(胃口)．3．Don’tputthatsaucersoneartheedgeofthetable—itwillfalldowneasily.4．Accordingtoaroughestimate(估計)，thevasedatesbacktoQingDynasty.5．WhenIcametovisitthechef，shewasbaking(烘烤)abirthdaycakeinthekitchen.6．Itisclearthatthepurposeoftheprojectistostimulatestudent’sspiritofinnovation.7．Irememberonabittercoldwinter，apoorboysellingpopcornlookedatmewithamixture(混合)ofeagerandhorror.8．Manynaturaldisastersbrokeoutacrossthecountrylastyear，causinggreatlossofpeople’slifeandproperty.9．OneofthebestwaystoenhanceyourEnglishistoexpandyourvocabulary.10．Inmyopinion，yourcasualclotheswerenotappropriateforsuchaformaloccasion.Ⅱ.詞形變化填空1．Thecityhasbeenexpandingrapidly，whoseexpansionhasbroughtdamagetothenaturalsurroundings.(expand)2．Fogisharmfultousinmanyaspects.Forexample，itisdangeroustodriveonafoggyday.(fog)3．Hisimpressiveperformanceonthestageyesterdaymadeadeepimpressiononhisaudience.(impress)4．Itisbelievedthatthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewillbenodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups，butsimplyamixtureofmanyracesandcultures.(mix)5．Themorepetrolandelectricityweconsume，themorecarbonwearelettingoff.Soitisessentialforustoreduceenergyconsumption.(consume)Ⅲ.完成句子1．Overtimehehasgrownuptohavetheabilitytoearnhisliving，helpinghismothersupporthisfamily.隨著時間的推移，他已經(jīng)長大有謀生能力了，能幫助他的母親養(yǎng)家。2．WhatIwanttotellyouisthatIcan’tgooutwithyouthisweekendsinceIhavetolookaftermybrotherinhospital.我想告訴你的是，這個周末我不能和你一起出去了，因為我必須照顧我住院的弟弟。3．Ourschoolwillorganiseavolleyballtournamentanditissaidthatitwillbeheldinthenewstadiumnextmonth.我們學校將舉辦一場排球錦標賽，據(jù)說下個月將在新體育場舉行。throwoneselfinto投身于，熱衷于throwaway扔掉；浪費掉(本領)throwlighton/uponsth使……更易理解；闡明throwoff匆匆脫掉(衣服)；扔掉；擺脫throwup揚起；嘔吐用throw的相關短語完成句子(1)Mygrandfatherhasthrownhimselfintocyclingsinceretirementtoenhancehishealth.(2)Tomakemattersworse，thestrangesmellofthecreammademethrowupwhatIate.(3)Themanthrewoffhisclotheswithouthesitationandjumpedintothewatertosavethegirl，whichstimulatedmyadmirationforhim.(4)Facingemergency，sometimeswehavenochoicebuttothrowingourpossessionsaway.impressvt.&vi.使欽佩，給……留下深刻印象；使意識到(impressionn．印象；影響；印記；感想impressiveadj.給人深刻印象的；感人的)·impresssthon/uponsb＝impresssbwithsth使某人牢記某事beimpressedby/with...對……印象深刻·leave/makea(n)．..impressionon/uponsb給某人留下一個……的印象單句語法填空/句式升級/一句多譯(1)Asachild，fatherimpressedthevalueofhardworkon/uponme.(2)Myfirstimpression(impress)ofhimwasthathewasakindandthoughtfulyoungman.(3)Iwasimpressedbythebeautifulsceneryandforgottogobackhomeintime.(4)所有的觀眾都對他出色的表演印象深刻。①Alltheaudiencewereimpressedby/withhisamazingperformance.(impress)②Hisamazingperformanceleft/madeadeepimpressiononalltheaudience.(impression)expandvt.&vi.增加，擴大；擴展，發(fā)展(業(yè)務)；詳談，詳述(expansionn．擴大；擴張；擴充)expandinto...擴大為……expandon/upon詳談單句語法填空/完成句子(1)Howcanthepainberelievedbyusingthatmethod?Couldyouexpandon/uponthatpoint，please?(2)Afteryearsofstruggle，hiscompanyhasexpandedintoabigone，withbranchesalloverthecountry.(3)Wearehopingtoexpandourbusiness，particularlyinEurope.我們希望擴大我們的業(yè)務，特別是在歐洲。appropriateadj.合適的(appropriatelyadv.適當?shù)?beappropriateto/for適合……Itis(not)appropriateforsbtodosth.某人(不)適合做某事。Itisappropriatethat...……是合適的。(從句中要使用虛擬語氣“should＋動詞原形”，should可以省略)單句語法填空/完成句子(1)Itisbelievedthatthenewversionofthebookisappropriatefor/tochildrenaged6－10.(2)Dressappropriately(appropriate)andaskintelligentquestions.(3)Itisnotappropriateonlytolay(lay)emphasisonstudents’academicperformance.Becauseotherskillsareequallyimportant.(4)Itisappropriatethatwe(should)accompanyandcomfortourfriendswhentheyareinabadmoodorinlowspirits.當朋友心情不好或情緒低落時，我們陪伴和安慰他們是合適的。estimatevt.估計，估價n．估計；估計的成本beestimatedtobe/have...估計是/有……Itisestimatedthat...據(jù)估計……單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)Thetreeisestimatedtobe(be)atleast700yearsold.(2)Peopleestimatethat80%ofallconversationsinEnglishissmalltalk.→Itisestimatedthat80%ofallconversationsinEnglishissmalltalk.(it作形式主語)essentialadj.必不可少的；本質(zhì)的，基本的beessentialto/for對……是必不可少的Itisessential(forsb)todosth.(對某人來說)做某事是很必要的。Itisessentialthatsb(should)dosth.某人做某事是很必要的。單句語法填空/一句多譯(1)Eatinghealthydietsanddoingmoderateexercisesisessentialfor/toelderlypeople.(2)毫無疑問，對青少年來講，增強他們的體質(zhì)非常必要。①Thereisnodoubtthatitisveryessentialfortheteenagerstobuilduptheirstrength.②Thereisnodoubtthatitisveryessentialthatteenagers(should)builduptheirstrength.mixturen．混合物；混合，結(jié)合(mixedadj.混雜的；混合的)mix...with/and...把……與……混合mixup混淆，弄混單句語法填空/完成句子(1)Theteamisnowagoodmixture(mix)ofexperienceandyouth.(2)Pleasedonotmixuptwothings：yourjobandyourlife.(3)(讀后續(xù)寫之情感描寫)Withmixedfeelingsonmind，shedoesn’tknowwhattodotorelievehisfather’spain.她百感交集，不知道做些什么去減輕他父親的痛苦。fallapart破碎，破裂；崩潰take...apart將……拆開，拆分tell...apart分辨出……setsbapart使某人與眾不同用apart的相關短語完成句子(1)Somepeopledowelldespitethepressurewhileothersfallapartunderpressure.(2)Myfatherkeepspositiveemotionsevenunderpressure，whichsetshimapartfromothers.(3)Rodlovestakingclocksapart.However，henevermanagestoputthemtogetheragain.(4)Youcantellmytwinbrotherandmeapartbythismarkonmyface.“sb/sth＋be＋過去分詞＋...”句式教材原句TheyarebelievedtohavestartedoffinthelateQingDynastyasawayforboatmenontheYangtzeRivertokeepwarmduringthecoldandwetwinters.人們認為，火鍋始自清末，當時是長江上的船工在濕冷的冬季取暖的一種辦法。(P11)本句中含有句式“sb/sth＋be＋過去分詞＋todo/havedone...”，可轉(zhuǎn)換為“It＋be＋過去分詞＋that...”?！b＋be＋過去分詞＋eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(todosth未發(fā)生,tobedoingsth正在發(fā)生,tohavedonesth已發(fā)生))·用于本句型的動詞還有：say，think，expect，report，consider，suppose等?！bisbelieved/said/thought/reported/considered/supposed/...todosth.＝Itisbelieved/said/thought/reported/considered/supposed/...that人們相信……/據(jù)說……/考慮到……/據(jù)報道……/普遍認為……/推測……單句語法填空/句型轉(zhuǎn)換(1)ItishopedthatthesesuggestionswouldbeofgreathelptoyoutoenhanceyourEnglish.(2)Heisthoughttohaveacted(act)foolishly.Nowhehasnoonebuthimselftoblameforlosingthejob.(3)Chinaisknowntobeplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.→ItisknownthatChinaisplayingamoreandmoreimportantroleintheworld.(4)Itissaidthatthestrangeoldmanisagreatartist.→Thestrangeoldmanissaidtobeagreatartist.Ⅰ.一詞多義快速閱讀下列句子并選出句中加黑詞匯對應的意思mildeq\x(A.溫和的；溫柔的B.溫暖的，暖和的C.輕微的；不嚴重的D.味淡的；不濃的)1．Differentfromme，mytwinsisterprefersmildcheese.D2．Hehastoomildanaturetogetangry，evenifhehasgoodcause.A3．Toourrelief，hesufferedfromamildheartattack.C4．Withitsmildclimate，theplaceattractsvisitorsfrombothhomeandabroad.BⅡ.熟詞生義快速閱讀下列句子并猜測句中加黑詞匯的意思1．Themeaningofthearticleisplaintosee.清楚的，明顯的2．Heaccidentallyslicedthroughhisfinger.切；割；劃Ⅰ.單句語法填空1．Itwassuchabittercolddaythattherewasnobodyinthestreet.2．Thecompanyplacesmoreemphasisonworkefficiencythanonworkers’lives，whichisnotappropriate.3．WeareplanningatriptoYuntaiMountaininHenanProvince，whichisfamousforitsbeautifulnaturalscenery.4．Toexpandourcompany，itisessentialthatweshouldappealtoawidercustomerbase.5．Theirparentsdivorcedseveralyearsago，leaving(leave)themgreatpain.6．Hisinterestinreadingwasstimulated(stimulate)byhisparents.Ⅱ.選詞填空eq\x(becoveredwith，overtime，allyearround，lay/putemphasison，workone’swaythrough)1．Attitudestoonlinelearninghavechangedovertime.2．Schoolsherelay/putgreatemphasisonreadingandwriting.3．Thoughitwasmidnight，theboardarestillworkingtheirwaythroughtheapplicationforms.4．Thegroundwascoveredwithgrasswhichlookedlikeagreenblanket.5．Towngardensareidealbecausetheyproduceflowersnearlyallyearround.Ⅲ.單句寫作(應用文寫作——飲食文化)1．當我還是個孩子的時候，我就熱衷于飲食文化和烹飪。(throwoneselfinto)WhenIwasachild，Ithrewmyselfintocultureandcuisine.2．為了成為一名好廚師，對我來說，了解各種各樣的特色菜肴是很有必要的。(essential)Tobeagoodchef，itisessentialformetoknowaboutvariousspecialdishes.3．關于飲食文化，我們注意餐桌禮儀是恰當?shù)摹?appropriate)Astofoodculture，itisappropriatethatwe(should)payattentiontoourtablemanners.4．記住，你良好的餐桌禮儀會給別人留下好的印象。(impression)Rememberthatyourgoodtablemannerswillleaveagoodimpressiononothers.5．據(jù)說，我們的飲食方式還可以反映出我們的性格特點。(Itissaidthat...)Itissaidthatthewayweeatcanreflectourpersonality.Ⅳ.閱讀理解Preferyourcoffeeblack?Thenyouprobablylikedark，bitterchocolate，accordingtoanewresearchidentifyingageneticbasisforthosepreferences.Ifthat’syou，thencongratulations—youaretheluckygeneticwinnerofasortthatmayofferyouanadvantagetowardgoodhealth，accordingtocaffeineresearcherMarilynCornelis.Studiesfindmoderateamountsofblackcoffeehavebeenshowntolowertheriskofcertaindiseases.Butthosebenefitsarelikelytobemorepronouncedifthecoffeeisfreeofallofthemilks，sugarsandotherfatteningflavoringswetendtoadd.Inanearlierresearch，Cornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(變體)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoynumerouscupsofcoffeeaday，whileothersdonot.“Peoplewiththegenemetabolize(新陳代謝)caffeinefaster，sothestimulatingeffectsdisappearfaster，andtheyneedtodrinkmorecoffee，”shesaid.“Thiscouldexplainwhysomeindividualsseemtobefineconsumingalotmorecoffeerelativetosomeoneelsewhomightbecomeveryanxious，”sheadded.Inthenewstudy，Cornelisanalyzedmoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkers，separatingblackcoffeeloversfromcreamandsugarlovers.“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitter，blackcoffee，”Cornelissaid.“Wealsofoundthesamegeneticvariantinpeoplewhopreferdarkchocolateoverthemilkchocolate.”Cornelisandherteamdon’tthinkthepreferencehasanythingtodowiththetasteofplainblackcoffeetea.Instead，shesaid，peoplewiththisgenepreferblackcoffeeandteabecausetheylikethebitterfavorwiththeboostinmentalcomforttheydesirefromcaffeine.“It’spossiblethesepeoplearejustverysensitivetotheeffectsofcaffeineandtheyalsohavethatlearnedbehaviorwithotherbitterfoods.”“Futurestudieswilltrytodealwiththegeneticpreferenceforotherbitterfoods，”Cornelissaid，“whicharegenerallylinkedtomorehealthbenefits.”語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了有些人喜歡喝黑咖啡的原因：他們是有基因偏愛的。1．Theearlierstudyismainlyabout.A．whycoffeeisrefreshingB．whybitterfoodsattractblackcoffeeloversC．whycoffeedrinkinghabitsvaryamongpeopleD．whyblackcoffeeishealthierthanwhitecoffee答案C解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的“Inanearlierresearch，Cornelisandherteamdiscoveredthatageneticvariant(變體)maycontributetowhysomepeopleenjoynumerouscupsofcoffeeaday，2．Accordingtothetext，whichofthefollowingisTRUE?A．Thepreferenceforblackcoffeemayhaveageneticbasis.B．Peoplewiththegeneticvariantaresensitivetosweetflavor.C．Scientistsfoundcertaingeneticvariantinmilkchocolatelovers.D．Coffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantshowaslowermetabolismofcaffeine.答案A解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段的“Wefoundcoffeedrinkerswiththegeneticvariantthatreflectsafastermetabolismofcaffeinepreferbitter，blackcoffee”可知，人們對黑咖啡的偏愛可能有基因基礎。故選A。3．Cornelismayagreethatpeoplepreferblackcoffeebecauseof.A．itsbittertasteB．fastermetabolismofcaffeineC．thecaffeineithasD．thementalcomfortitbrings答案D解析細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段的“Instead，shesaid，peoplewiththisgenepreferblackcoffeeandteabecausetheylikethebitterfavorwiththeboostinmentalcomforttheydesirefromcaffeine.”可知，Cornelis認為人們喜歡黑咖啡是因為它能給人帶來精神安慰。故選D。4．Whatmighttheresearchersdonext?A．Learnmoreaboutthehealthbenefitsassociatedwithblackcoffee.B．Covermorebitterfoodswithgeneticpreference.C．Analyzemoreprecisetypesofcoffeedrinkers.D．Knowmorelearnedbehaviorpeoplehave.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，未來的研究將試圖解決人們對其他苦味食物的基因偏好，說明接下來研究人員要探究有基因偏好的更多苦味食物。故選B。Ⅴ.完形填空ThatcoldJanuarynight，IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco.1home，Ithoughtseriouslyabout2bothmyjobandSanFrancisco.Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings，Ifeltverysmalland3.Ibeganrunning，bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.Aboutablockfrommyapartment，Ihearda4behindme.Iturnedquicklybutthestreetwas5.AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight，whichmademenervous.Istartedto6faster.NotuntilIreachedmyapartmentbuildingdidIrealizethenoisehadbeenmy7fallingtothesidewalk.SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldanymore.IranbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalk8forfifteenminutes，mywalletwasnowheretobe9.JustasIwasabouttogiveupthe10，Iheardthegarbagetruckpulluptothe11nexttome.Thenoutjumpedasmallred-hairedmanwitha(n)12lookinhiseyes.“Isthiswhatyou’relookingfor？”Heasked13upasmallsquareshape.Thatnight，Igotmywalletback.Ialsogotbacksome14ofcitylife.Irealizedthatthecitycouldn’tbeabadplaceaslongaspeoplewerewillingto15eachother.語篇解讀本文是一篇記敘文。文章講述了作者本來厭倦了舊金山的生活，但后來發(fā)生的一件事改變了作者的態(tài)度。1．A.Reaching B．RunningC．Walking D．Leaving答案C解析根據(jù)后文的“AsIwalkeddownemptystreetsundertallbuildings”可知，此時作者正在往家里走(walk)。故選C項。2．A.givingup B．searchingforC．carryingon D．headingto答案A解析giveup放棄；searchfor搜尋；carryon繼續(xù)；headto朝向。根據(jù)前文“IwasgrowingsickofmylifeinSanFrancisco”以及后文“Citylifehadbecometoomuchforme.”可推知，作者想要放棄(giveup)大城市的生活。故選A項。3．A.tired B．a(chǎn)mazedC．sacred D．cold答案D解析tired累的；amazed驚嘆的；sacred神圣的；cold寒冷的。根據(jù)后文“Ibeganrunning，bothtokeepwarmandtokeepawayfromanypossiblerobbers.”“SuddenlyIwasn’tcoldanymore.”可知，作者此時感覺很冷(cold)。故選D項。4．A.mail B．robberC．sound D．truck答案C解析mail郵件；robber搶劫犯；sound聲音；truck卡車。根據(jù)空前的heard以及后文“IranbacktowhereI’dheardthenoise.”可知，作者聽到一個聲音(sound)。故選C項。5．A.crowded B．noisyC．broad D．empty答案D解析crowded擁擠的；noisy吵鬧的；broad寬闊的；empty空曠的。根據(jù)后文“AllIsawwasashiningstreetlight，whichmademenervous.”可知，街上空無一人(empty)。故選D項。6．A.breathe B．runC．deliver D．hike答案B解析breathe呼吸；run跑步；deliver投遞；hike遠足。作者之前在跑步，這時候跑(run)得更快了。故選B項。7．A.identity B．soccerC．wallet D．minor答案C解析identity證明；soccer足球；wallet錢包；minor未成年人，輔修科目。根據(jù)后文“AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkforfifteenminutes，mywalletwasnowheretobe.”可知，作者丟失的是錢包(wallet)。故選C項。8．A.anxiously B．curiouslyC．obviously D．generously答案A解析anxiously焦急地；curiously好奇地；obviously明顯地；generously大方地。根據(jù)常識，錢包丟了之后，應該是焦急地(anxiously)尋找。故選A項。9．A.preserved B．foundC．stolen D．removed答案B解析preserve保護；find發(fā)現(xiàn)；steal偷；remove移動。根據(jù)空前的“AlthoughIsearched...forfifteenminutes”可知，作者沒有找到(find)錢包。故選B項。10．A.measure B．a(chǎn)ttemptC．search D．a(chǎn)pproach答案C解析measure計算，測量；attempt嘗試；search搜尋；approach方法。根據(jù)前文的“AlthoughIsearchedthesidewalkforfifteenminutes，mywalletwasnowheretobe.”可知，作者找了許久但沒有找到，打算放棄尋找(search)。故選C項。11．A.apartment B．sidewalkC．destination D．entrance答案B解析apartment公寓；sidewalk人行道；destination目的地；entrance入口。根據(jù)前文“Isearchedthesidewalk”可知，作者在人行道(sidewalk)上尋找錢包。故選B項。12．A.amused B．a(chǎn)nnoyedC．frightened D．a(chǎn)wkward答案A解析amused高興的；annoyed生氣的；frightened害怕的；awkward尷尬的。根據(jù)語境，幫助別人應該是高興的(amused)。故選A項。13．A.bringing B．cleaningC．stirring D．holding答案D解析bring帶來；clean清潔；stir攪拌；hold舉著，拿著。holdup為固定搭配，意為“舉著”。故選D項。14．A.enjoyment B．a(chǎn)chievementC．experiment D．disappointment答案A解析enjoyment樂趣；achievement成就；experiment實驗；disappointment失望。結(jié)合語境，丟失的錢包被好心人送回，這應該是生活中的開心事。故選A項。15．A.appreciate B．helpC．defend D．a(chǎn)dmire答案B解析appreciate欣賞，感激；help幫助；defend保衛(wèi)；admire敬佩。文章中有人幫助作者找回了錢包，因此作者認為只要有人互幫互助，城市就不會差到哪兒去。故選B項。Ⅵ.語法填空It’sestimatedthattwo-thirdsofpeopleonlinehavehadtheirpersonalinformation1.________(steal)．Facedwithsucharangeof2.(threat)，it’seasytofocusontechnologyinvestment.Firewalls，anti-virusprotectionandeveryotherkindoftechnologycanbethreatened