高中英語(yǔ)外研版選擇性必修第一冊(cè)Unit 4 Period 3　Using language-to-infinitive-ing and -ed as predicative

Period3Usinglanguage—to-infinitive，-ingand-edaspredicative感知以下課文原句，并完成方框下面的練習(xí)1．Everyartist’swishistocreatesomethingthatexpressesanidea.2．Hewasparticularlyinterestedintheoldstoryaboutafishjumpingthroughthe“DragonGate”．3．Onewayforhimtofindinspirationisturningtohischildren’stoys.4．YangLiping’spassionisdancing.1．動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)詞-ing形式、動(dòng)詞-ed形式都可以在句中作表語(yǔ)。2．句1中是動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)；句2中是動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)；句3和句4中是動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)。一、動(dòng)詞不定式作表語(yǔ)1．不定式作表語(yǔ)往往表示具體的、一次性的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。通常主語(yǔ)是表示“目的，愿望，計(jì)劃，夢(mèng)想，需求”等的名詞或what引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句。注意：當(dāng)主語(yǔ)部分含有實(shí)義動(dòng)詞do的某種形式時(shí)，作表語(yǔ)的不定式可以省略to。Hisplanistosetupanothercalligraphyassociationinthecommunity.他的計(jì)劃是在社區(qū)再創(chuàng)辦一個(gè)書(shū)法協(xié)會(huì)。Whatstrikesmemostistoseehimalwaysbusy.讓我印象最深刻的是看見(jiàn)他總是很忙。Alltheprincessdidwas(to)wait.公主所做的只是等待。2．不定式作表語(yǔ)也常表示預(yù)定要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或表示未來(lái)的可能性或假設(shè)。Thenewtechnologyistobringaboutgreatchangestohumanlife.新技術(shù)注定會(huì)給人類(lèi)生活帶來(lái)巨大的變化。Youmusttellmeaboutit，ifwearetoremainteammates.如果我們還想繼續(xù)做隊(duì)友的話，你就必須告訴我那件事。二、動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)1．動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)用來(lái)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容，表示主語(yǔ)的某種性質(zhì)或狀態(tài)。當(dāng)與主語(yǔ)是統(tǒng)一概念的時(shí)候，主語(yǔ)和表語(yǔ)位置可以互換。Theinfluenceofcomputergamesisworrying.電腦游戲的影響令人擔(dān)憂。WhatIhatemostisbeinglaughedat.(＝BeinglaughedatiswhatIhatemost.)我最痛恨的就是被別人嘲笑。2．不定式作表語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別不定式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一次性的、具體的、將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作；而動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語(yǔ)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一般性的、抽象的、經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。Thenextstepistosetthemachineinmotion.下一步是開(kāi)動(dòng)這臺(tái)機(jī)器。Theoldman’sjobispaintingthewalls.這位老人的工作是粉刷墻。注意：這種區(qū)別并不是絕對(duì)的。例外的情況也不少，有時(shí)可以互用。三、動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)1．動(dòng)詞-ed形式作表語(yǔ)通常用來(lái)描述情景、敘述人或物的特征以及所處的狀態(tài)。Allthefansareveryexcited.所有粉絲都很興奮。Itisobviousthattheboyisinterestedinthismachine.顯然，這個(gè)男孩對(duì)這臺(tái)機(jī)器感興趣。2．現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞都可以作表語(yǔ)，現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的特征，而過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài)。Thedogisfrightening.這條狗是可怕的。Thedogisfrightened.這條狗很害怕。3．過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)和過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的區(qū)別過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)，不僅可以位于系動(dòng)詞be之后，還可根據(jù)需要用于其他系動(dòng)詞之后。過(guò)去分詞用于被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所承受的動(dòng)作，只能與助動(dòng)詞be(有時(shí)可能是get)構(gòu)成被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，不宜用于其他動(dòng)詞之后。Thecupisbroken.杯子碎了。ThecupwasbrokenbyLucy.杯子被露西打碎了。教材聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練(見(jiàn)課件)閱讀下面短文，用動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空LucyandSusanwereclosefriends，bothofwhomdidn’tknowwhatwas1.toinfluence(influence)theirfuturelifethen.Later，Lucywenttoabigcity，forherdreamwas2.tobecome(become)afamousmanager.Sheworkedsohardalldaythatshefinallyreachedhergoal.However，shebecamesorichthatshewasalways3.worried(worry)thatsomeonewas4.tobreak(break)intoherhouseandstealhermoney.Susanchosetostayinthecountryside.Herjobwas5.working(work)onafarm.Shewas6.delighted(delight)toseethelovelyplantsandflowerseveryday.Bycontrast，shewasmore7.relaxed(relax)mostofthetime.Hernewplanwas8.toset(set)upanotherfarm，forshewantedtooffersomejobstothewomeninthevillage.Ⅰ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Hisdreamwastobecome(become)aremarkablelinguist.Luckily，hiseffortspaidoffandhisdreamcametrue.2．Myfavoritehobbyisfishing(fish)，andplayingbasketballwithmyteammatesalsogivesmegreatpleasure.3．Hewasdisappointed(disappoint)toknowthathissoncheatedattheexam.4．Tooursurprise，thenovelwaswritten(write)byadisabledman.5．Theteacherisenthusiasticandfriendlyandtheclassroomsareamazing(amaze)．Ⅱ.完成句子(用不定式、-ing形式或者-ed形式作表語(yǔ))1．Myaimistocureyouassoonaspossible.我的目標(biāo)是盡快治好你。2．Whathewantstosuggestistobringdownthepriceandincreasethesales.他想建議的是降低價(jià)格，增加銷(xiāo)售量。3．Thelecturewassoboringthatmanypeoplefeltboredandleftthehall.那個(gè)講座太乏味，很多人都感到無(wú)聊并離開(kāi)了大廳。4．IcouldtellfromhisfacethathewassatisfiedwithwhatIhaddone.我從他臉上可以看出，他對(duì)我做的很滿意。5．Thedevelopmentofouraviationindustryisquiteencouraging.我們的航空工業(yè)的發(fā)展是非常令人鼓舞的。Ⅲ.閱讀理解MakingMusicVisibleOnarecentafternooninabrightlylitstudioinBrooklyn,TomandDavidwerefilmingamusicvideo.Theywererecordingadifferentversionoftheirfavoritesong,butthevoicesthatfilledtheroomwerethoseofthetwooriginalsingers,whomadethesongahit.Andyetthetwomenwerealsosinging—withtheirhands.Tomisadeafactoranddancer;Davidisahearingdancerandchoreographerwhois,thankstosevendeaffamilymembers,anativespeakerofsignlanguage.Theirversionispartofa10-songseriesofsignlanguagecoversofworks.Aroundtheworld,musicconnectstogethercommunitiesandpromotesasenseofbelonging.Butassignlanguagemusicvideosbecomeanonlinephenomenon,therichnessofsignlanguagehasgottenabroaderstage.“Musicismanydifferentthingstodifferentpeople.”Alice,adeafactresstoldinaninterview,usinganinterpreter.“Irealize，”sheadded,“thatwhenyoudohear,nothearingmayseemtoseparateus.Butwhatisyourrelationshiptomusic,todance,tobeauty?Whatdoyouseethatwemaylearnfrom?Theseareconversationspeopleneedtogetaccustomedtohaving.”Agoodsignlanguageperformancethinkshighlyofthecombinationoftheelementsofsignlanguage—handshape,movementandfacialexpression—withthoseofspokenlanguage,allowingaskilledsignlanguagespeakertoengageinthekindofsoundpaintingthatcomposersusetoenrichatext.“Thehandshavetheirownemotions，”Tomsaid.“Theyhavetheirownmind.”Deafsingerspreparefortheirperformancesbyexperiencingasongthroughanymeansavailabletothem.Manypeoplespeakabouttheirhighlysensitivitytothevibrationsofsound,whichtheyexperiencethroughtheirbody.Asadancertrainedinballet,Tomsaidhewasparticularlyconsciousofthevibrationsofapianoastransmittedthroughawoodenfloor.語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了失聰?shù)娜丝梢杂檬终Z(yǔ)演唱歌曲，讓音樂(lè)看得見(jiàn)。且隨著手語(yǔ)音樂(lè)視頻成為一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)現(xiàn)象，豐富的手語(yǔ)得到了更廣闊的舞臺(tái)。1．WhatmakesthevideoofTomandDavidfamous?A．Theyrecordedafamoussong.B．Thevideotalksaboutdeafactors.C．Signlanguageisusedtoperformsongs.D．Therecordhasthemostseriesofpopmusic.答案C解析細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Andyetthetwomenwerealsosinging—withtheirhands.”可知，用手語(yǔ)來(lái)表演歌曲讓湯姆和大衛(wèi)的視頻出名。故選C。2．WhatdoesAlicemeaninparagraph4?A．Ourlifeislackofmusic,danceandbeauty.B．Musicbridgesthegapbetweendifferentpeople.C．Peoplewithhearinglossareseparatedfrommusic.D．Dancersandsingersneedtostrengthencommunication.答案B解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“‘Irealize，’sheadded，‘thatwhen...needtogetaccustomedtohaving.’”可推知，愛(ài)麗絲的意思是音樂(lè)是人與人之間的橋梁。故選B。3．Whatcanweinferfromparagraph5?A．Awell-performedsignlanguagespeakerusuallyworkswithanotherdancer.B．Signlanguagedancersaremoreemotionalandthoughtfulthanotherdancers.C．Theelementsofsignlanguagearemoreimportantthanthoseofspokenlanguage.D．Skilledsignlanguageperformerstendtocombinespokenandunspokenelements.答案D解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“好的手語(yǔ)表演高度重視手語(yǔ)元素——手的形狀、動(dòng)作和面部表情與口語(yǔ)元素的結(jié)合，讓熟練的手語(yǔ)表演者參與到作曲家用來(lái)豐富文本的聲音繪畫(huà)中”可推知，熟練的手語(yǔ)表演者傾向于將口語(yǔ)和非口語(yǔ)元素結(jié)合起來(lái)。故選D。4．Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestdescribesdeafsingers?A．Caring. B．Cautious.C．Sensitive. D．Intelligent.答案C解析推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中“Manypeoplespeakabouttheirhighlysensitivitytothevibrationsofsound...”可推知，聾啞歌手對(duì)于聲音的振動(dòng)很敏感。故選C。Ⅳ.完形填空LinoMarreroisayounginventor.Forhim，beinganinventorisabouthelpingtheworldbycreating1toeverydaychallenges.“Ialwaysstartwithaproblemandseehowit2otherpeople，”hesays.Dueto3fingers，littleMarrerowantedtoquitplayingtheviolin.Buthis4formusicinspiredhimtoinventa“StringRing”．Itisanadjustablebandthat5amusician’sachingfingerssotheycancontinuepracticing.Ayearlater，Marrerocreateda(n)6shoewithreplaceablesoles(鞋底)afterlearningtraditionalfootwearcandamagetheenvironment.“Shoewaste7alottolandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))，”hesays，“sincetheyhaverubbersolesthatdon’t8easily.”Insteadofowning9shoesfordifferentsports，hisinventionallowsathletestokeepjustonepairintheircupboards.Marrero’slatestinvention，KineticKickz，wasthe10ofhispersonalexperience.Havingfinishedsoccerpractice，hefoundhisphonewasoutof11.Suddenly，hethoughtmaybehecouldmakeuseoftheenergyfromplayingsoccer.Thenhecreatedashoeinsert(插入物)that12energyandchangesitintobatterypowerto13acellphone.Asahighschoolfreshmannow，Marrerowantstoencourageotherteenagerstobeinventorstoo.Youngerpeople，hesays，oftenhavenovel14thatcanbeusefulinmakingcreations.Marrerosays，“Weneedtogetachaingoing，whereIinspiresomepeopleandtheyhelpinspireothers15.”eq\x(語(yǔ)篇解讀這是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了年輕發(fā)明家利諾·馬雷羅以及他的一些日常發(fā)明。)1．A.additions B．solutionsC．reactions D．connections答案B解析addition附加物；solution解決方案；reaction反應(yīng)；connection連接。根據(jù)后文“toeverydaychallenges”可知，此處指為日常挑戰(zhàn)創(chuàng)造解決方案，故選B。2．A.bothers B．a(chǎn)ssessesC．distracts D．conducts答案A解析bother困擾；assess評(píng)估；distract使分心；conduct實(shí)施。根據(jù)上文“Ialwaysstartwithaproblemandseehowit”可知，這里指困擾別人的問(wèn)題，故選A。3．A.short B．painfulC．frozen D．a(chǎn)bnormal答案B解析short短的；painful痛苦的；frozen凍結(jié)的；abnormal反常的。根據(jù)后文“...amusician’sachingfingerssotheycancontinue”可知，小馬雷羅想放棄拉小提琴，因?yàn)樗种竿础９蔬xB。4．A.passion B．experienceC．curiosity D．concern答案A解析passion激情；experience經(jīng)歷；curiosity好奇心；concern關(guān)心。根據(jù)But表示轉(zhuǎn)折，以及后文“formusicinspiredhimtoinventa‘StringRing’”可知，對(duì)音樂(lè)的熱情激發(fā)他發(fā)明了一種“弦環(huán)”。故選A。5．A.decorates B．stretchesC．weakens D．protects答案D解析decorate裝飾；stretch伸展；weaken削弱；protect保護(hù)。根據(jù)后文“amusician’sachingfingerssotheycancontinuepracticing”可知，這項(xiàng)發(fā)明有保護(hù)手指的作用。故選D。6．A.up-to-date B．good-lookingC．eco-friendly D．risk-free答案C解析up-to-date最新的；good-looking好看的；eco-friendly環(huán)保的；risk-free無(wú)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的。根據(jù)后文“afterlearningtraditionalfootwearcandamagetheenvironment”可知，馬雷羅發(fā)明的這種鞋很環(huán)保。故選C。7．A.owes B．contributesC．devotes D．a(chǎn)pplies答案B解析owe欠(賬、債、情等)；contribute有助于，捐獻(xiàn)；devote獻(xiàn)身；apply應(yīng)用。根據(jù)后文“alottolandfills(垃圾填埋場(chǎng))”可知，此處指大量鞋子垃圾被填埋。故選B。8．A.dieout B．endupC．breakdown D．runout答案C解析dieout滅絕；endup最終處于；breakdown出故障，分解；runout耗盡。造成垃圾污染是因?yàn)橄鹉z鞋底不易分解，與上文“l(fā)earningtraditionalfootwearcandamagetheenvironment”構(gòu)成對(duì)應(yīng)。故選C。9．A.fashionable B．expensiveC．similar D．various答案D解析fashionable時(shí)尚的；expensive昂貴的；similar相似的；various各種各樣的。根據(jù)后文“shoesfordifferentsports”可知，這里指不同的運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目需要各種各樣的鞋子。故選D。10．A.copy B．fruitC．a(chǎn)ward D．label答案B解析copy復(fù)制品；fruit成果，水果；award獎(jiǎng)品；label標(biāo)簽。根據(jù)上文“Marrero’slatestinvention”可知，這里指KineticKickz是他個(gè)人經(jīng)驗(yàn)的成果。故選B。11．A.power B．orderC．danger D．service答案A解析power電力；order順序；danger危險(xiǎn)；service服務(wù)。根據(jù)后文“changesitintobatterypower”可知，此處指他的手機(jī)沒(méi)電了。故選A。12．A.uses B．generatesC．collects D．saves答案C解析use使用；generate產(chǎn)生；collect收集；save拯救，節(jié)約。根據(jù)后文“energyandchangesitintobatterypower”可知，此處指收集能量并將其轉(zhuǎn)化為電池電力。故選C。13．A.repair B．updateC．design D．charge答案D解析repair修理；update更新；design設(shè)計(jì)；charge負(fù)責(zé)，充電。根據(jù)后文“acellphone”可知，這種鞋墊可以給手機(jī)充電。故選D。14．A.viewpoints B．commentsC．predictions D．occupations答案A解析viewpoint觀點(diǎn)；comment評(píng)論；prediction預(yù)測(cè)；occupation職業(yè)。根據(jù)后文“thatcanbeusefulinmakingcreations”可知，此處指年輕人通常有對(duì)創(chuàng)作有用的新穎觀點(diǎn)。故選A。15．A.inconclusion B．inbriefC．inturn D．inadvance答案C解析inconclusion總之；inbrief簡(jiǎn)言之；inturn輪流，轉(zhuǎn)而；inadvance提前。根據(jù)上文“Iinspiresomepeopleandtheyhelpinspireothers”可知，馬雷羅激勵(lì)一些人，這些人轉(zhuǎn)而幫助激勵(lì)其他人。故選C。Ⅴ.語(yǔ)法填空OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment1.(late)thatday.Myfriends2.(walk)metothebusstopandwaitedwithmeuntilthebusarrived.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback，andthenInoticedaman3.(sit)atthefro