2023linux7安裝部署oracle19c軟件

linux7上安裝部署oracle19c軟件安裝環(huán)境：VMwareWorkstationPro15.5.0、CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-2009.isoLINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip、LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip一安裝CENTOS7虛擬機(jī)。1號節(jié)點的主機(jī)名叫做oracle1將91和10綁定在這臺機(jī)器的兩塊網(wǎng)卡上。2號節(jié)點的主機(jī)名叫做oracle2將92和11綁定在這臺機(jī)器的兩塊網(wǎng)卡上。所有IP對應(yīng)的NETMASK(子網(wǎng)掩碼)都是VIP（rac1-vip/rac2-vip）和SCANIP(rac-scan)不需要去處理，集群啟動后會自動生成。/boot配置標(biāo)準(zhǔn)分區(qū)，其他都是用邏輯分區(qū)（LVM）開機(jī)之后關(guān)閉位置共享，掛載光盤配置虛擬機(jī)ip地址方便外部連接vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens33DEVICE=ens33IPADDR=91NETMASK=BROADCAST=55GATEWAY=ONBOOT=yesUSERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=staticTYPE=EthernetIPV6INIT=noDNS1=DNS2=14注意第二塊網(wǎng)卡不能配置網(wǎng)關(guān)。vi/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-ens34DEVICE=ens34IPADDR=10NETMASK=BROADCAST=55ONBOOT=yesUSERCTL=noBOOTPROTO=staticTYPE=EthernetIPV6INIT=no重啟網(wǎng)絡(luò)服務(wù)servicenetworkrestart編輯oracle1虛擬機(jī)的/etc/hosts文件，把以下內(nèi)容追加到/etc/hosts文件中#PublicIP91oracle192oracle2#PrivateIP10oracle1-priv11oracle2-priv#VirtualIP72oracle1-vip73oracle2-vip#ScanIP74oracle-scan關(guān)閉防火墻（RAC集群必須徹底關(guān)閉防火墻以防萬一）：關(guān)閉防火墻檢查防火墻狀態(tài)systemctlstatusfirewalld.service暫時關(guān)閉防火墻，下次啟動時防火墻仍隨系統(tǒng)啟動而啟動systemctlstopfirewalld.service徹底永久關(guān)閉防火墻systemctldisablefirewalld.service關(guān)閉SELINUX防火墻！vi/etc/selinux/config將內(nèi)容SELINUX=enforcing更改為SELINUX=disabled二配置先決條件的yum源a掛載光盤鏡像注：在虛擬機(jī)掛載光盤鏡像以后，務(wù)必使用某個用戶進(jìn)入到虛擬機(jī)LINUX下看到桌面彈出小光盤為止（圖形界面）b進(jìn)入到光盤鏡像中的Package目錄中將所有的軟件包復(fù)制到我們預(yù)設(shè)的目錄下mkdir/yumsCENTOS6/RHEL6鏡像掛載地點cd/media/CentOS_6.6_Final/Packages/cp*/yumsCENTOS7/RHEL7鏡像掛載地點/run/media/root/CentOS7x86_64/PackagesCENTOS7（這個目前適用于CENTOS7.4以及以下版本，如果你使用的是高版本的話，請自己注意具體包的名稱，實在不知道就用tab鍵補(bǔ)全）rpm-ivhdeltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhpython-deltarpm-3.6-3.el7.x86_64.rpmrpm-ivhcreaterepo-0.9.9-28.el7.noarch.rpmcreaterepo.cd/etc/yum.repos.d/rm-rf*viyum.local.repo[local]name=yumlocalrepobaseurl=file:///yumsgpgcheck=0enable=1然后配置rac2這個節(jié)點cd/etc/yum.repos.d/rm-rf*viyum.local.repo[local]name=yumlocalrepobaseurl=01/gpgcheck=0enable=1配置本地yum源。mkdir/media/cdrommount/dev/sr0/media/cdrom設(shè)置開機(jī)自動掛載Vi/etc/fstab/dev/sr0/media/cdromiso9660defaults,ro,loop00cd/etc/yum.repos.dvirhel-media.repo[rhel-media]Name=RedHatEnterpriseLinux6.5Baseurl=file:///media/cdromEnabled=1gpgcheck=0（配置為1的話需要添加下一行）gpgkey=file://media/cdrom/RPM-gPg-KEY-redhat-release將目錄下的其他以repo結(jié)尾的文件轉(zhuǎn)化為.bakrename.repo.repo.bak*repo清除緩存yumcleanall測試一下yuminstallgcc*如果有反應(yīng)就說明你的yum服務(wù)器配置成功了安裝先決條件包：yuminstall-ybcyuminstall-ycompat-libcap1*yuminstall-ycompat-libcap*yuminstall-ybinutilsyuminstall-ycompat-libstdc++-33yuminstall-yelfutils-libelfyuminstall-yelfutils-libelf-develyuminstall-ygccyuminstall-ygcc-c++yuminstall-yglibc-2.5yuminstall-yglibc-commonyuminstall-yglibc-develyuminstall-yglibc-headersyuminstall-ykshlibaioyuminstall-ylibaio-develyuminstall-ylibgccyuminstall-ylibstdc++yuminstall-ylibstdc++-develyuminstall-ymakeyuminstall-ysysstatyuminstall-yunixODBCyuminstall-yunixODBC-develyuminstall-ybinutils*yuminstall-ycompat-libstdc*yuminstall-yelfutils-libelf*yuminstall-ygcc*yuminstall-yglibc*yuminstall-yksh*yuminstall-ylibaio*yuminstall-ylibgcc*yuminstall-ylibstdc*yuminstall-ymake*yuminstall-ysysstat*yuminstall-ylibXp*yuminstall-yglibc-kernheadersyuminstall-ynet-tools-*yuminstall-yiscsi-initiator-utilsyuminstall-yudevyuminstall-yxclock*三內(nèi)核參數(shù)（vi/etc/sysctl.confkernel.shmmax=277495689510912kernel.shmmni=4096kernel.sem=25032000100128net.core.rmem_default=262144net.core.rmem_max=4194304net.core.wmem_default=262144net.core.wmem_max=1048586fs.file-max=6815744kernel.shmall=67747971072net.ipv4.tcp_max_tw_buckets=6000net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range=900065500net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle=0net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse=1#net.core.somaxconn=262144dev_max_backlog=262144net.ipv4.tcp_max_orphans=262144net.ipv4.tcp_max_syn_backlog=262144net.ipv4.tcp_synack_retries=2net.ipv4.tcp_syn_retries=1net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout=1net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time=30net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_probes=6net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_intvl=5net.ipv4.tcp_timestamps=0fs.aio-max-nr=1048576net.ipv4.conf.all.rp_filter=2net.ipv4.conf.default.rp_filter=2生成系統(tǒng)參數(shù)sysctl-p四.添加下列參數(shù)到/etc/security/limits.confvi/etc/security/limits.conforaclesoftnofile1024oraclehardnofile65536oraclesoftnproc16384oraclehardnproc16384oraclesoftstack10240oraclehardstack32768oraclehardmemlock134217728oraclesoftmemlock134217728gridsoftnofile1024gridhardnofile65536gridsoftnproc16384gridhardnproc16384gridsoftstack10240gridhardstack32768gridhardmemlock134217728gridsoftmemlock134217728五.添加下列條目到/etc/pam.d/loginvi/etc/pam.d/loginsessionrequired/lib/security/pam_limits.sosessionrequiredpam_limits.so六.環(huán)境變量中添加下列語句vi/etc/profileif[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];thenif[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fifiexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19c/gridexportPATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin生效環(huán)境變量source/etc/profile七.創(chuàng)建文件目錄和相應(yīng)的用戶groupadd-g601oinstallgroupadd-g602dbagroupadd-g603opergroupadd-g604backupdbagroupadd-g605dgdbagroupadd-g606kmdbagroupadd-g607asmdbagroupadd-g608asmopergroupadd-g609asmadminuseradd-u601-goinstall-Gasmadmin,asmdba,dba,asmopergriduseradd-u602-goinstall-Gdba,backupdba,dgdba,kmdba,asmadmin,oper,asmdbaoracle我們用這種最安全的方法修改grid和oracle用戶密碼passwdgridpasswdoracle以root用戶，創(chuàng)建OracleInventory目錄mkdir-p/u01/app/oraInventorychown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app/oraInventorychmod-R775/u01/app/oraInventory以root用戶，創(chuàng)建GIHOME目錄mkdir-p/u01/app/gridmkdir-p/u01/app/19c/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app/gridchmod-R775/u01/app/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstall/u01/app/19cchmod-R775/u01/app/19c/以root用戶，創(chuàng)建OracleBase目錄mkdir-p/u01/app/oraclemkdir/u01/app/oracle/cfgtoollogschown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oraclechmod-R775/u01/app/oracle以root用戶，創(chuàng)建OracleRDBMSHome目錄mkdir-p/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1chown-Roracle:oinstall/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1chmod-R775/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1安裝rlwrap-0.37tar-zxvfrlwrap-0.37.tar.gz./configmakemakeinstall報錯YouneedtheGNUreadlinelibrary(/gnu/readline/)tobuildthisprogram!執(zhí)行yuminstallreadline-devel來解決八.用戶添加環(huán)境變量su-grid#grid用戶的環(huán)境變量如下：vi~/.bash_profilePS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'exportPS1umask022exportTMP=/tmpexportTMPDIR=$TMPexportORACLE_SID=+ASM1exportORACLE_TERM=xterm;exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/gridexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/19c/gridexportNLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"exportTNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexportPATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexportTHREADS_FLAG=nativeif[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];thenif[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fiumask022fialiassqlplus='rlwrapsqlplus'aliasrman='rlwrapasmcmd'生成環(huán)境變量source~/.bash_profilesu-oracle#oracle用戶的環(huán)境變量如下：vi~/.bash_profilePS1="[`whoami`@`hostname`:"'$PWD]$'exportPS1exportTMP=/tmpexportTMPDIR=$TMPexportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle1exportORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracleexportORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1exportORACLE_SID=oracle1exportNLS_LANG="AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8"exportNLS_DATE_FORMAT="yyyy-mm-ddHH24:MI:SS"exportTNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/adminexportLD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/libexportPATH=.:$PATH:$HOME/bin:$ORACLE_BASE/product/19c/db_1/bin:$ORACLE_HOME/binexportTHREADS_FLAG=native;exportTHREADS_FLAGif[$USER="oracle"]||[$USER="grid"];thenif[$SHELL="/bin/ksh"];thenulimit-p16384ulimit-n65536elseulimit-u16384-n65536fiumask022fialiassqlplus='rlwrapsqlplus'aliasrman='rlwraprman'aliaso='rlwrapsqlplus/assysdba'生成環(huán)境變量source~/.bash_profile克隆虛擬機(jī)，二節(jié)點取名為oracle2開機(jī)更改IP地址更改hostname為oracle2hostnamectlset-hostnameoracle2更改環(huán)境變量grid用戶將ORACLE_SID=+ASM1改為exportORACLE_SID=+ASM2oracle用戶exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle1改為exportORACLE_HOSTNAME=oracle2exportORACLE_SID=oracle1改為exportORACLE_SID=oracle2關(guān)機(jī)配置共享磁盤oracle1添加三塊盤，三塊5g--ocr，一塊10g--fra，一塊20g--data通過圖形化界面的方式，選擇添加硬盤，獨(dú)立永久，立即分配空間，添加磁盤。添加到新建的共享文件夾，這里我取名為share然后2節(jié)點oracle2也是同樣的方式，不同的是，2節(jié)點選擇已經(jīng)存在的磁盤，不用新建。需要注意的是：scsi1：0開始然后編輯vmx配置文件(兩邊都要配置)添加以下文件#shareddisksconfiguredisk.EnableUUID="TRUE"disk.locking="FALSE"scsi1.shared="TRUE"diskLib.dataCacheMaxSize="0"diskLib.dataCacheMaxReadAheadSize="0"diskLib.dataCacheMinReadAheadSize="0"diskLib.dataCachePageSize="4096"diskLib.maxUnsyncedWrites="0"九.配置udev（兩個節(jié)點都做）/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name（sd*）對比兩個節(jié)點的uuid是否一致（各五個）創(chuàng)建99-oracle-asmdevices.rules文件touch/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesvi/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesKERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c29ad55231816d7962f178618937",SYMLINK+="ocr1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2988e241dc296824035fd908f32",SYMLINK+="ocr2",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c290da794a71994e3c66f0421e3c",SYMLINK+="ocr3",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2931bccebbda4890cda98e43e48",SYMLINK+="fra1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"KERNEL=="sd*",SUBSYSTEM=="block",PROGRAM=="/usr/lib/udev/scsi_id--whitelisted--replace-whitespace--device=/dev/$name",RESULT=="36000c2932c29954d26810725b07949c1",SYMLINK+="data1",OWNER="grid",GROUP="asmadmin",MODE="0660"分區(qū)：sdbsdb1sdb2sdb3如果沒有UUID:disk.EnableUUID="TRUE"重啟UDEV:systemctlrestartsystemd-udevd.serviceudevadmcontrol--reload-rules/sbin/udevadmtrigger--type=devices--action=add/sbin/udevadmtrigger--type=devices--action=change配置oracle2將1節(jié)點配置好的文件直接傳給二節(jié)點scp99-oracle-asmdevices.rulesoracle2:/etc/udev/rules.d/重啟udev查看是否配置成功ll/dev|grepocrll/dev|grepfrall/dev|grepdata九上傳軟件解壓并賦權(quán)oracle1用root用戶把LINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip上傳到/u01/app/19c/grid目錄下cd/u01/app/19c/gridchown-Rgrid:oinstallLINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zip切換到grid用戶并解壓su-gridcd$ORACLE_HOMEunzipLINUX.X64_193000_grid_home.zipexportDISPLAY=xxxxxxx（按自己真實的寫）./gridSetup.sh點擊add添加oracle2oracle2-vip點擊SSHconnectivity…建立互信填寫密碼先setup后test注意：這里選擇的是/dev/ocr*package:cvuqdisk包在/u01/app/19c/grid/cv/rpmrpm-ivhcvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpmscp傳送到二節(jié)點安裝scpcvuqdisk-1.0.10-1.rpmoracle2:/tmp忽略所有，點擊yes，開始安裝。跑腳本，一定要按照他的順序執(zhí)行！第一個腳本rac1和rac2兩個節(jié)點跑完以后，才能跑第二個腳本，也是先在rac1上跑，再到rac2上跑。（必須都是root用戶）安裝完了，這里點OK就行了，主要還是因為DNS的問題。沒事直接點OK。nextyes安裝完成點close。使用crsctlstatres–t查看一下集群狀態(tài)asmca創(chuàng)建磁盤組創(chuàng)建fra和data時報錯ORA:15020解決方法：grid用戶登錄數(shù)據(jù)庫sqlplus/assysasmshowparameterasmaltersystemsetasm_diskstring='/dev/ocr*'sid='*';showparameterasmvi/etc/udev/rules.d/99-oracle-asmdevices.rules把fra1修改為ocrfra1,把data1修改為ocrdata1繼續(xù)(兩邊的99-oracle-admdevices.rules都要修改，然后重啟udev)grid軟件安裝完成以后，我們開始安裝database軟件。用root用戶把database軟件的壓縮包LINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip上傳到/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1cd/u01/app/oracle/product/19c/db_1chown-Roracle:oinstallLINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zip切換到oracle用戶并解壓su-oraclecd$ORACLE_HOMEunzipLINUX.X64_193000_db_home.zipexportDISPLAY=xxxxxxx（按自己真實的寫）./runInstaller點擊SSH建立互信，先setup再test忽略全部，點擊next，yesinstall跑腳本，一定要按照他的順序執(zhí)行！腳本在rac1和rac2兩個節(jié)點跑完以后才能繼續(xù)。（必須是ROOT用戶）。安裝完成dbca建庫在oracle用戶下exportDISPLAY=:0.0dbca點擊yes選擇忽略，點擊yes安裝完成測試一下結(jié)束十卸載軟件rm-rf/u01/app/19c/gr