人教版八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語Unit 8知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理及語法講義（教師版）

第頁八年級(jí)上冊(cè)英語Unit8知識(shí)點(diǎn)與語法精講精練詞匯梳理詞匯梳理（一）完成單詞梳理：名詞：1.blender食物攪拌器2.yogurt酸奶3.honey蜂蜜4.watermelon西瓜5.spoon勺；調(diào)羹6.pot鍋7.salt食鹽8.sugar食糖9.cheese干酪；奶酪10.popcorn爆米花11.corn玉米；谷物12.machine機(jī)器；機(jī)械裝置13.hole洞；孔；坑14.lettuce萵苣；生菜15.sandwich三明治16.butter黃油；奶油17.turkey火雞18.piece片；塊；段19.Thanksgiving感恩節(jié)20.autumn秋天；秋季21.gravy（調(diào)味）肉汁22.pumpkin南瓜23.pie果餡餅；果餡派24.pepper胡椒粉；柿子椒25.oven烤箱；烤爐26.plate盤子；碟子27.temperature溫度；氣溫；體溫動(dòng)詞：1.peel剝皮；去皮2.pour倒出；傾倒3.add增加；添加4.dig掘（地）；鑿（洞）5.celebrate慶祝；慶賀6.prepare使做好準(zhǔn)備；把……準(zhǔn)備好7.fill（使）充滿；填滿8.serve接待；服務(wù)；提供副詞：1.finally最后；最終形容詞：1.traditional傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的2.mashed搗爛的兼類詞：1.shake（v/n）搖動(dòng)；抖動(dòng)2.mix（n）混合配料（v）（使）混合；融合3.cover（v）遮蓋；覆蓋（n）覆蓋物；蓋子；封面(二)詞匯變形小結(jié)：1.shake(v.搖動(dòng))—shook(過去式)2.final(adj.最后的；最終的)—finally(adv.最后；最終)3.dig(v.掘地)—dug(過去式)—digging(現(xiàn)在分詞)4.tradition(n.傳統(tǒng))—traditional(adj.傳統(tǒng)的；慣例的)—traditionally(adv.傳統(tǒng)地；慣例地)5.celebrate(v.慶祝；慶賀)—celebration(n.慶典；慶?；顒?dòng))6.prepare(v.使做好準(zhǔn)備)—preparation(n.準(zhǔn)備；準(zhǔn)備工作)【練一練】用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空Myfather__finally___(final)agreedtoletmegoonthetrip.I__shook____(shake)themedicinebottlebeforeItookthemedicine.Jackatethree__tomatoes___(tomato)forbreakfastthismorning.Theboys___dug_____(dig)twentyholesforthetreeslastSunday.TheSpringFestivalisa__traditional___(tradition)festivalinChina..Somefriendsofmineliketoeat__sandwiches___(sandwich)withonions.Mybrotheroften___mixes____(mix)hisChinesebooksandEnglishbooks.Whynot___serve____(serve)thesouptoyourfriend,Kate?Mysisterhelpedme___topour___(pour)thewaterintothecup.Couldyoupleasetellmehow___tomake___anappleshake?(make)(三)短語攻關(guān)：milkshake奶昔 turnon 接通（電流、煤氣、水等）；打開cutup 切碎o... 把……倒進(jìn)……里goodidea 好主意o... 把……放進(jìn)……里apieceof 一片；一塊；一段 mixup 混合cover...with...用……覆蓋fill...with...用……把……裝滿 onebyone 逐個(gè)；逐一traditionalfood 傳統(tǒng)食物ataveryhightemperature 以高溫atthistime 在這時(shí)givethanksforsth因某事/物而感謝givethankstosb 對(duì)某人表示感謝知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理知識(shí)點(diǎn)梳理 Turnontheblender.打開食物攪拌器?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縯urnon/off/up/down為“動(dòng)詞+副詞”型短語，名詞作其賓語時(shí)，放在on/off/up/down前后均可；代詞作其賓語時(shí)，必須放在turn與on/off/up/down之間。重點(diǎn)：重點(diǎn)：turnturnon接通；打開turnoff關(guān)閉；關(guān)掉turnup調(diào)高；開大turndown調(diào)低；關(guān)小?—Mom,mayIturnontheTV/tuntheTVon?媽媽，我可以打開電視嗎？—Yes,ifyoufinishyourhomework,youcanturniton.是的，如果你完成了家庭作業(yè)，你可以打開它。?Wouldyoupleaseturnoffthelight?Ican’tsleepwellwithiton.請(qǐng)你關(guān)上燈好嗎？開著燈我睡不好?！疽谆毂嫖觥縯urn與open兩者都可表示“打開”，其區(qū)別如下：turnon多指接通水、電流、煤氣，打開電視等，其反義短語是turnoffopen多指打開門、窗、柜子、盒子、抽屜、書本等，其反義詞是close【即學(xué)即用】1.Don’tforgetto___B____thelightswhenyouleavetheclassroom.A.turnon B.turnoff C.turndown D.turnup2.It’sisgettingdark.Whynot___A____thelights?A.turnon B.takeaway C.pickup D.cutup2.Cutupthebananas.把香蕉切碎?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縞utup意為“切碎”，相當(dāng)于opieces“將……切成碎片”。cutup為“動(dòng)詞+副詞”型短語，其后接代詞作賓語時(shí)，代詞必須放在cut和up中間。Eg.I’mgoingtocutupthebeeffordumplings.Couldyouhelpmecutitup?我打算把牛肉切碎包餃子。你能幫我把它切碎嗎？cutcutoutcutcutout刪除cutin插嘴cutoff中斷；打斷cutdown砍倒【即學(xué)即用】1.Look!Howbigthewatermelonis!Let’s___C____first.A.cutupthem B.cutthemup C.cutitup D.cutupit2.—Couldyouhelpme___D____beeffordinner,Jean?—OK,Mom.I’lldoitrightaway.A.cutin B.cutoff C.cutdown D.cutup3.①Howmanybananasdoweneed?我們需要多少根香蕉？②Howmuchyogurtdoweneed?我們需要多少酸奶？【易混辨析】重點(diǎn)：howmany與howmuchhowmany提問可數(shù)（可數(shù)/不可數(shù)）名詞的數(shù)量Howmanyflowersdoyouwant?你想要幾朵花？howmuch提問不可數(shù)（可數(shù)/不可數(shù)）名詞的數(shù)量Howmuchmilkdidshedrink?她喝了多少牛奶？提問價(jià)格，主語既可以是可數(shù)名詞，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞Howmucharetheflowers?這些花多少錢？Howmuchisthemilk?牛奶多少錢？【用法詳解】yogurt意為“酸奶”，作不可數(shù)名詞，如果要表示它的量，可借助表示計(jì)量單位的詞，如acupofyogurt一杯酸奶，threecupsofyogurt三杯酸奶【圖解助記】本單元還學(xué)了一些其他與食物有關(guān)的不可數(shù)名詞，一起來看看吧！【即學(xué)即用】1.—Mom,___C____honeydoweneedtomakethefruitsalad?—Twospoonsshouldbeenough.A.howold B.howmany C.howmuch D.howfar2.___B____peoplearethereinyourfamily?Therearefive.A.HowmuchB.HowmanyC.HowoldD.Howoften4.Then,addthecabbage,tomatoesandonionandcookforanother10minutes.然后，加入卷心菜、西紅柿和洋蔥，再煮10分鐘。another在基數(shù)詞前，more在基數(shù)詞后【用法詳解】本句中的“another10minutes”是“another+基數(shù)詞+名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“再……；又……”，相當(dāng)于“基數(shù)詞+more+名詞”。其中another表示“另一；又一”。another10minutes=10moreminutesanother在基數(shù)詞前，more在基數(shù)詞后Eg.Westayedthereforanothertwodays/twomoredays.我們?cè)谀莾河执藘商?。【即學(xué)即用】1.—Mr.Wang’I’mafraidIcan’tfinishtheworkintwodays.—Don’tworry.I’llgiveyouBdays.A.twoanotherB.twomoreC.moretwoD.twomany2.—MayIhaveCpieceofbreadwithbutter,I’mnotfull.—Certainly.Hereyouare.A.other B.theother C.another D.theothers5.Finally,don’tforgettoaddsomesalt.最后，不要忘記加一些鹽。finally=intheend=atlast【用法詳解】finally=intheend=atlast知識(shí)點(diǎn)1：finallyadv.最后；最終finally為副詞，多用來修飾動(dòng)詞，位置較靈活，可位于句首或句中。其形容詞形式為finally，意為“最終的；最后的”。Eg.Finally,manypeoplefindhappinessinhelpingothers.最后，許多人通過幫助他人找到了快樂。Wefinallysolvedtheproblem.我們最終解決了這個(gè)問題?！就卣寡由臁縡irst,next,then與finally一起使用，意為“首先……，接下來……，然后……，最后……”，用來描述做某事的過程或步驟，使敘述更有條理。Eg.First,peelsomebananas,andcutthemup.Next,putthebananasintheblended.Then,poursomemilkintotheblender.Finally,turnontheblender.首先，把一些香蕉剝皮，并把它們切碎。接下來，把香蕉放入攪拌器里。然后，往食物攪拌器里倒一些牛奶。最后，打開食物攪拌器。知識(shí)點(diǎn)2：forgetv.忘記forgettodosth忘記做某事（未做）forgetdoingsth忘記做過某事（已做）Eg.Iwon’tforgettocleantheroom.我不會(huì)忘記打掃房間。IforgotturningoffthelightswhenIlefttheclassroom.當(dāng)我離開教室的時(shí)候我忘記了關(guān)燈?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.—Don'tforget___B____somesugarandcheesewhenyougotothesupermarket.—OK,Iwon't.A.buy B.tobuy C.buying D.bought2.—I'msorryI___A____myexercisebookathomethismorning.—Itdoesn'tmatter.Don'tforget________itherethisafternoon.left;totakeB.forgot;bringingC.left;tobringD.forgot;tobring3.Theywalkedforanhour,and___C____arrivedatthesmallvillage.A.clearly B.quickly C.finally D.loudly6.Doyouknowhowtoplantatree?你知道怎么種樹嗎？【用法詳解】本句中howtoplantatree為“特殊疑問詞+動(dòng)詞不定式（todo）”結(jié)構(gòu)，在句中作know的賓語。動(dòng)詞不定式常和what,which,who(m),where,when,when等連用，在句中作主語、賓語、表語等。Eg.Wheretolivehasnotyetbeendecided.住在哪里還沒有決定。（作主語）Wemustknowwhattosayatthemeeting.我們必須知道在會(huì)上說什么。（作賓語）Theproblemiswhomtogowith.問題是和誰一起去。（作表語）【即學(xué)即用】1.Wecan'tworkoutthephysicsproblem.Canyoutellus___C____?A.howtodo B.whattodoitC.howtodoit D.whatshouldtodo2.Let

me

show

you

how

__tomake___

(make)

dumplings.7.First,putsomebutteronapieceofbread.首先，在一片面包上放一些黃油?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縜pieceof常用來表示不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)量。如果表示的數(shù)量超過一，要用piecesof。Eg.Paper-cuttingturnsasimplethinglikeapieceofpaperintoabeautifulpieceofart.剪紙把一件簡單的物品，比如一張紙，變成一件美麗的藝術(shù)品。apieceof...作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；piecesof...作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Eg.Thereisapieceofcakeinthefridge.冰箱里有一塊蛋糕。Thereareseveralpiecesofpaperonthetable.桌子上有幾張紙。【即學(xué)即用】1.I’msohungry.PleasegivemeBtoeat.A.threebreadB.threepiecesofbreadC.threepiecesofbreadsD.threepieceofbread8.Next,filltheturkeywiththisbreadmix.接下來，用這種面包混合配料把火雞（腹部）填滿?！居梅ㄔ斀狻縡ill...with...意為“用……把……填滿”，表示動(dòng)作，其被動(dòng)形式為befilledwith，意為“裝滿……”，相當(dāng)于befullof（其中full是fill的形容詞形式，表示“滿的”）Eg.Shefilledtheglasswithwater.她把玻璃杯裝滿了水。Lifeisfilledwith/fulloftheunexpected.生活充滿了意料之外的事情?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.—CanIfillthebox___D____mymodelcars?—I’mafraidnot.It’sfull________myschoolthings.A.with;with B.of;of C.of;with D.with;of2.Thewell(井)wasfullCwaterandhecovereditthelid(蓋子).A.with;for B.with;with C.of;with D.with;by9.Tomakethisspecialfood,youneedtohavericenoodles,chickensoup,chicken,lettuceandeggs.要做這種特殊的食物，你需要有米線、雞湯、雞肉、生菜和雞蛋。賓語主語【句式剖析】本句中有兩處動(dòng)詞不定式，其中Tomakethisspecialfood作目的狀語，tohavericenoodles...eggs作need的賓語。賓語主語謂語不定式短語作目的狀語Tomakethisspecialfood,you謂語不定式短語作目的狀語【用法詳解】動(dòng)詞不定式（短語）在句中作目的狀語，意為“為了……”，位于句首時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與其他部分隔開，位于句中時(shí)不用逗號(hào)隔開。Eg.Topasstheexam,heworkedhard.為了通過考試，他學(xué)習(xí)很努力。Thegovernmentissettingupnatureparkstohelpprotectpandas.政府正在設(shè)立自然公園來幫助保護(hù)大熊貓?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.—WhatshouldIdo,doctor?—Chealthy,youshouldtakemoreexercise.A.KeepB.KeepingC.TokeepD.Kept10.Now,it’stimetoenjoythericenoodles!現(xiàn)在是好好享用米線的時(shí)候了！【用法詳解】It’stime(forsb.)todosth.表示“是（某人）做某事的時(shí)候了”。Eg.It’stime(forhim)topracticespokenEnglish.是（他）練習(xí)英語口語的時(shí)候了。課堂小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.—Couldyoupleasetellme___D____tomakeabananamilkshake?—Yes.First,youneedtogetsomebananasandpeelthem.A.when B.what C.where D.how2.—Bcheesedoweneedforasandwich?—Twoteaspoonsshouldbeenough.A.Howmany B.HowmuchC.Howlong D.Howfar3.NationalDayisatime___D____thebirthofthePeople’sRepublicofChina.A.celebrate B.celebrating C.tocelebrating D.tocelebrate4.—WhatcanIdoforyou?—Please___A____twoapplesandthen________.A.peel;cutthemup B.peel;cutupthemC.get;cutupthem D.gets;cutthemup5.—Howmany___B____didyoumake?—Five.Isitenough?DoIneedtomake________?A.bread;anotherone B.piecesofbread;onemore C.piecesofbread;anotherpiece D.bread;onemorepiece6.—Tony,couldyoutellmewhofilledmycup___B____tea?—Sorry,Idon’tknow,Mr.Miller.A.of B.with C.into D.over7.Couldyouplease___C____theradio?Iwanttoknowtoday'snews.A.turndownB.turnbackC.turnonD.turnoff8.—CanIhelpyou,madam?—IwantC.A.twoboxesofapple B.twoglassofwaterC.twobowlsofwater D.threepiecesbreads9.—Let’smaketomatoandbeefnoodles.—___A____.A.Soundsgood B.You’rewelcomeC.That’sright D.Don’tworry10.Lucy,putthepotatoesandsaltinthebowland___C____.A.mixitup B.mixupit C.mixthemup D.mixupthem11.—Ieatbirthdaycakesonmybirthday.Whataboutyou?—InChina,our___B____foodforbirthdayislongnoodles.A.educationalB.traditionalC.personalD.international12.Howmuch___B____andhowmany________doyouneed?A.butter;honeyB.cheese;applesC.bananas;sugarsD.yogurt;sandwich13.There___D____twopiecesofturkeyonthetableandthere________somepepperonthepiecesofturkey.A.are;are B. is;areC.is;is D.are;is14.Thebabygirlissleeping,sohermother___A____herwithacoat.A.covers B.leaves C.moves D.surprises15.It’srainingheavilyoutside.Don’tforget___A____thewindow.A.toclose B.close C.closing D.closes二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.It'stime__tocover____(cover)thetablewithapicture.2.Myfatherlikesapples,bananasand_watermelons__(watermelon).3.I

had

a

glass

of

milk

and

two

___pieces____(piece)

of

bread

for

breakfast.4.My

father

___cut______

(cut)

one

watermelon

just

now.5.Don’tforget___totake____(take)yourhomeworkhome.6.___First_____(one),peelsomepears,andthencutthemup.7.We___finally____(final)wenttobedatabout4a.m.yesterdaymorning.8.Put___them_____(they)onthesandwich,please.9.Themanwanted___todig____(dig)aholeonthegroundtoplantthetree.10.Welike___traditional__(tradition)Chinesefood,suchasdumplings,noodlesandChinesericecakes.三、漢譯英：單詞/短語（注意使用適當(dāng)形式）1.沒有人在看電視。請(qǐng)把它關(guān)掉。NobodyiswatchingTV.Please

___turn______it_______off____.2.讓我做一個(gè)香蕉奶昔吧。Letmemakeabanana___milk_____shake____.3.把這些水果切碎，混合在一起。Cutupthesefruitsand___mix______them______up____.4.在冬天，中國的大部分地區(qū)被白雪覆蓋。Inwinter,mostpartsofchina___are______covered_____with___whitesnow.5.來云南的游客喜歡品嘗特色菜，如鮮花餅、汽鍋雞、米線等等。VisitorstoYunnanliketotastespecialdishes,suchasflowercakes,QiguoChicken,__rice____noodles_andsoon.四、根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Therearemanyfruitandvegetablegardensacrossthecountryside.Morestudents,atMadisonElementarySchool,aregrowingtheirownfoodinthegardens.Thevegetablesarewashed.___1___Theyarealsosoldintheschooldininghallforlunch.Thismonth,studentswillplanttomatoes,potatoes,carrots,broccoli(西蘭花)andstrawberries.___2___Teacherswantkidstolearnhealthyeatinghabits.Healthyfoodgivesusenergy.Weneedenergytogrow.Manykidsarenowtryingnewfoodandlearninghowtogrowfood.___3___Shesaysalotofstudentshavetoldher,“Ilikesalad.Ididn'tthinkIlikedsalad!”Thenthosestudentshavegonehomeandaskedtheirparentstobuyvegetablesthattheyhavetriedatschool.Lisa’sdaughter,Lucy,isoneofthosestudents.SheisinGradeTwo.“Ilovethegarden,”shesays.“___4___Thenwefoundoutthatgardeningiscool.NowIlikevegetables.___5___”Lisaistheparentvolunteeroftheprogram.Lisaistheparentvolunteeroftheprogram.Myfavoritevegetableiscarrots.Thenkidscaneatthematasaladparty.Herfavoritefruitisgrape.Whyarestudentslearninghowtogrowfood?Ihatethegarden.Ididn'treallylikevegetablesbeforewehadthegarden.答案：CEAGB語法精講語法精講 （一）祈使句一、語法概述祈使句表示請(qǐng)求、命令、警告、勸告、禁止等意思。祈使句一般以動(dòng)詞原形開頭，省略主語you，句末用感嘆號(hào)或句號(hào)，讀時(shí)常用降調(diào)。二、祈使句的類型類型結(jié)構(gòu)例句肯定形式否定形式Do型實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其他Don’t+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其他Turnontheblender.打開食物攪拌器。Don’tgiveup.不要放棄。Be型Be+形容詞Don’t+be+形容詞Bequick!快點(diǎn)兒！Don’tbeshy.不要害羞。Let型Let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他Don’t+let+賓語+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.Letusgotoschool!讓我們?nèi)ド蠈W(xué)吧！Don’tlethimgoout.=Lethimnotgoout.不要讓他出去。Let+賓語+not+動(dòng)詞原形+其他.No型No+名詞/動(dòng)詞-ingNophotos.禁止拍照。Nosmoking.禁止抽煙。其他直接用名詞、副詞或用“名詞+副詞”等Help!救命！Quickly!快點(diǎn)兒！Handsup!舉起手來！【拓展延伸】（1）有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)，可在句首加Do或?qū)⑵硎咕涞闹髡Z表示出來。?Doletmego.務(wù)必讓我去。?Youbequiet!你安靜?。?）為了使祈使句的語氣委婉、客氣，可以在句首或句末加please，當(dāng)please用在句末時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與其余部分隔開。?Comehere,please.請(qǐng)到這兒來。?Pleaselookafteryourpet.請(qǐng)照看你的寵物。（3）祈使句有主語時(shí)，其否定結(jié)構(gòu)要將否定詞don’t（或never）放在主語前。?Don’tyouopenthedoor.你不要開門。【即學(xué)即用】（一）用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1.___Don’tbe____(not,be)late.2.___Don’tspeak_(not,speak)withyourmouthfulloffood.3.___Don’ttalk___(not,talk)and____read_____(read)abook.4.Openthewindowand____shut______(shut)thedoor.5.Let’s___sweep_____(sweep)thefloor.（二）句型轉(zhuǎn)換，每空一詞1.Willyoupleasereaditagainmoreslowly?（改為祈使句）__Read_____it___againmoreslowly,please.2.Cometomyhousetomorrow.（改為否定句）__Don’t__cometomyhousetomorrow.3.Don’twashyourhands!(改成肯定句)__Wash__yourhands!4.The

teachers

often

tell

the

students

not

to

be

careless.

（改為祈使句）__Don’t__

___be___careless,

please.5.PleasesitnexttoNancy.（改為否定句）__Please____don’t_____sit___nexttoNancy.三、祈使句的回答祈使句通常表示將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，所以回答時(shí)一般用will或won’t?；卮鹂隙ㄐ问降钠硎咕溆脀ill，回答否定形式的祈使句用won’t。?—Pleaseremembertobringyourhomeworkheretomorrow.請(qǐng)記得明天把你的家庭作業(yè)帶到這兒來?！狾K,Iwill.好的，我會(huì)的。?—Don’tbelateforschoolagain.上學(xué)不要再遲到了?！猄orry,Iwon’t.對(duì)不起，我不會(huì)了?！炯磳W(xué)即用】1.—Don’tthrowrubbisheverywhere,please.Buildingacivilized（文明的）cityisourduty.—A.A.OK,IwillB.YouarejokingC.TakeiteasyD.Sorry,Iwon’t四、祈使句的反意疑問句1.肯定形式的祈使句的反意疑問句部分可用willyou/won’tyou/wouldyou。?Pleasekeepquiet,willyou?請(qǐng)保持安靜，好嗎？?Listentome,won’tyou?聽我說，好嗎？?Letmehelpyou,wouldyou?我來幫你，好嗎？2.否定形式的祈使句后只能跟willyou。?Don’ttellittoanyoneelse,willyou?不要把這件事告訴其他任何人，好嗎？3.以Let’s開頭的祈使句，反意疑問句部分用shallwe；以Letus開頭的祈使句，反意疑問句部分用willyou。?Let’sgoforawalkaftersupper,shallwe?我們晚飯后去散步，好嗎？?Letusgoforawalkaftersupper,willyou?請(qǐng)讓我們晚飯后去散步，好嗎？（二）可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞一、語法概述名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞?？蓴?shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式?？蓴?shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的辨析區(qū)別可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式有單復(fù)數(shù)之分沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式修飾詞/短語①可直接用不定冠詞a/an修飾，如anapple；②可用具體的數(shù)詞修飾，如threebooks；③可用few,afew,many,some,alotof等修飾，如afeweggs（一些雞蛋）。①不能直接用a/an修飾；②如果表示確切的數(shù)量，用“單位詞+of+不可數(shù)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)，如twobowlsofrice（兩碗米飯）；③可用little,alittle,much,some,any,alotof等修飾，如alittlemilk（一點(diǎn)兒牛奶）。提問（數(shù)）量用howmany用howmuch作主語單數(shù)形式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；復(fù)數(shù)形式作主語，謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式【特別提醒】可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞前都可以用some,any,alotof,lotsof等來修飾。三、可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則（一）規(guī)則變化（重點(diǎn)）（1）一般情況，直接在詞尾+es如：apple—applesbook—books（2）以s/x/sh/ch結(jié)尾的，在詞尾+es如：class—classesbox—boxes（3）以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的，變y為i再+es如：family—familiesstrawberry—strawberries（4）以o字母結(jié)尾的，有生命的+es（黑人英雄愛吃土豆番茄）Negro—Negroeshero—heroespotato—potatoestomato—tomatoes 無生命的+s如：zoo—zoosradio—radios（5）以f/fe結(jié)尾的，變f/fe為v+es如：knife（刀）—knivesleaf（樹葉）—leaves（二）不規(guī)則變化a變?yōu)閑男人man—men女人woman—womenoo變?yōu)閑e牙齒tooth—teeth腳foot—feet單復(fù)數(shù)同形綿羊sheep—sheep魚fish—fish,中國人Chinese—Chinese日本人Japanese—Japanese不規(guī)則變化兒童child—children老鼠mouse—mice常用復(fù)數(shù)的詞shoes(鞋子)glasses(眼鏡)trousers(褲子)socks(短襪)chopsticks(筷子)stairs(樓梯)（三）通常情況下，當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞作定語修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)只把后一個(gè)名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。但當(dāng)man或woman修飾另一個(gè)名詞時(shí)，變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)要把man或woman和另一個(gè)名詞一起變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)。anappletree→appletrees蘋果樹anappletree→appletrees蘋果樹awomanteacher→womenteachers女老師amandoctor→mendoctors男醫(yī)生tomatosandwichtomatosandwichcheeseyogurtpianowatermelonhoneyonioncabbagebreadpumpkinbuttercornplateholesugarsaltpie語法小測一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.PleaseBtherubbishintodifferentlitterbinsaccordingtothesigns.A.putsB.putC.puttingD.toput2.Please___B___lookoutside.Lookattheblackboard.A.notB.don’tC.aren’tD.can’t3.—Ifeelverythirstyandhungryafteralongwalk.—Wouldyoulikesome___A___and_______?A.applejuice;sandwiches B.applesjuice;sandwichesC.applejuices;sandwiches D.applejuice;sandwich4.Couldyoupleasegivesome___D____tothe________teachers?A.advice;man B.advices;menC.suggestion;man D.suggestions;men5.—Howmany___C____doweneedtomakefruitsalad?—Twoshouldbeenough.A.cabbageB.potatoesC.bananasD.lemon6.—___B____applesand________yogurtdoyouneedforyourapplemilkshake?—Twoapplesandthreecupsofyogurt.A.Howmany;howmanyB.Howmany;howmuchC.Howmuch;howmuchD.Howmuch;howmany7.—___A____isthebeef?—Sixtyyuanakilo._________wouldyoulike?A.Howmuch;Howmuch B.Howmany;HowmanyC.Howmuch;Howmany D.Howmany;Howmuch8.—Whatdidyoubuy?—Ibought___C____applesand________chicken.A.afew;many B.alittle;manyC.afew;some D.alittle;some9.Lilyputalotof___C____in________oftea.A.sugar;thetwocup B.sugars;thetwocupsC.sugar;thetwocups D.sugars;thetwocup10.TheTVistooloud.Please___A____.A.turnitdownB.toturnitdownC.turndownitD.toturndownit二、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.The___leaves____(leaf)onthetreeturn-yellow.2.The___children___(child)areplayinggamesontheplaygroundnow.3.Howmany___sheep_____(sheep)arethereonthehill?4.Theseold__machines____(machine)don’tworkwell.5.Betty,gettwo___spoons____(spoon)ofchickensoupforyourgrandpa.三、多句選詞填空用howmuch或howmany填空。1._Howmuch_saltdoyouputonFrenchfries?2._Howmany_tomatoesdoesJaneputinsalad?3._Howmuch_sugardoyouputbythisrecipe(食譜)?4._Howmany_blackboardsarethereinyourclassroom?5._Howmany_kilosoffishdoyouwant?四、閱讀理解AspecialdayintheUnitedStatesisThanksgivingDay.ItisalwaysonthefourthThursdayofNovember.Usually,familymembersandfriendsgettogetherforabigdinner.Peoplesometimesdrivetheircarsalongwayforafamilyreunion.ManypeoplealsotakeFridayoffandmakeitalongweekendholiday,becausemostAmericansdonotworkonSaturdaysorSundays.ThanksgivingDaybeganin1621,thesecondyearafterthefirstEnglishsettlersreachedthenewworld.Theydidnothaveenoughfood.Butthe