高三英語下學(xué)期專項復(fù)習(xí)：名詞性從句講義

高中語法精講七V名詞性從句〉

1.分類：主賓表同

2.引導(dǎo)詞的區(qū)分:

主語從句同位語從句表語從句賓語從句

that（不可?。﹖hat（可?。?/p>

whetherwhether/if

[]賓語從句只用whether情況\\

I

111-whethertodo

2.whether....ornot.....

3.whether....or…

4.discuss后面用that

特殊疑問詞

賓語從句中that不省略情況

l.that從句和主句之間有插入語，或者從句之間有插入語

Eg.Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstand.

2.兩個名詞性從句并列作賓語

Eg.Ibelievewherethereisawillthereisawayandthatsuccessis

themotheroffailure.

3.that作介賓:

Eg.Thetwoaccidentsdifferinthattheyhappenedindifferent

years.

3.question和doubt+同位語從句（引導(dǎo)詞區(qū)別）

肯定句+whether一Ihaveaquestionwhetherhewillsucceed.

否定句/疑問句+that—Ihavenoquestionthathewillsucceed.

4.Besure用法：

肯定句/疑問句+that—Iamsurethatyouhavesomebooks.

否定句+whether/if一Iamunsurewhether/ifyouhaveanybooks.

5.名詞性從句是復(fù)合句時，that也要寫。（雙連接詞）

①It'sunknownthatwhenhewenttoBeijingdependsonhis

mother.

②Thequestionisthatwhatyoushoulddotohelphim.（that省略，

備注：that在句子①中作為名詞性從句（主語從句）的引導(dǎo)詞

what在句子②中作為名詞性從句（賓語從句）的引導(dǎo)詞，所以去that

6.What引導(dǎo)從句：陳述語氣；副詞where/when.等不做主/賓成分。

①指代叫不出來名稱的事物：

Eg.Hebrokewhatisusedtocooltheai門ntheroom.

②描述人物/事物的特性

Eg.Heisn'twhatheusedtobe.

③對"whatisleftof.…"理解

Eg.Heatewhatisleftoftehbread.

7.Where/when/how/why引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句可以+介詞

引導(dǎo)狀語從句，不+介詞

Eg.MyhouseisclosetowhereIwork.

FromwhereIlive,Icanseealotofbirds.

8.感嘆句作名詞性從句：Iwastaughttounderstandhowimportant

educationistothechildren'sfuture.

9.When表示:"..…時候的事情"：Irememberwhenwehadclasses

intheroom.

10.Itisknowntousthat..…（主語從句）

Asisknowntousthat（定語從句）

Whatisknowntousisthat.....（表語從句）

11.連接代詞/連接副詞+ever用法：加強語氣（通常在簡單句中）

連接代詞:whatever;whichever;whoever;whomever

連接副詞:whenever;wherever;however

備注：句中明確有選擇對象則whichever;否則whatever

whoever還是whomever,看的是在從句中作的成分

名詞性從句讓步狀語從句

連接代詞+ever連接代/副詞+ever=nomatter+連接代/副詞

陳述語氣可省略"系動詞"：Theoldhousemustbe

repairednomatterwhat/whateverthecost

(is).

陳述語氣；主將從現(xiàn)，主情從現(xiàn)

Eg.Whoeverhemeet,hewillgetdressed.

12.賓語從句中的間接引語和直接引語互相轉(zhuǎn)換規(guī)則：

時態(tài)語序不定式表達連接詞

主現(xiàn)從任意Heaskedustobethat

主過從過去陳述語序quiet.whether/if

客觀諺語現(xiàn)在時=Hesaid,"bequiet"!特殊疑問詞

◎特殊：用say/tell/hear/learn轉(zhuǎn)述別人的話，如果情況還存在，

用一般現(xiàn)在時。

◎特殊：時間狀語的變化

直接賓語一間接賓語

now—thentomorrow—thenext(following)day

today-thatdaytwodaysago-*twodaysbefore

yesterday-*thedaybeforenextyear->thenextyear

lastweek—theweekbefore

高中語法精講八〈狀語從句〉

1.狀語從句時態(tài)規(guī)律主將從現(xiàn)（時狀/條狀/讓狀）

2.時間狀語從句的引導(dǎo)詞分類：

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

when;as;while;theminute;themoment;

before;afterthesecond;theinstant;

since;until;immediately;directly;instantly

till;assoonasbythetime;nexttime;every/eachtime;

nosooner....than…

hardly…when/before......一...就…

scarcely....when/before..…..句首，倒裝

例1:Hehadsoonerarrivedhomethanthebellrang.

=Josoonerhadhearrivedhomehanthebellrang.

例2:Hehadhardlyarrivedhomewhenthebellrang.

=Hardlyhadhearrivedhomewhenthebellrang.

例3:Scarcelyhadhearrivedhomewhenthebellrang.

◎注意：時態(tài)問題（主過完從過去）

3.when用法：+V瞬/V延：主從句動作前后發(fā)生

①從屬連詞:“當(dāng)…

②連詞："既然，考慮到"=since=consideringthat

①并列連詞：“這時”

bedoing.....when......:正在做....這時.....

beabouttodo.....when......:正要做.…這時.....

haddone.....when.......:剛做.…這時.…

4.as用法：+V除：主從句動作幾乎同時發(fā)生

①從第連詞：“一.…就…

②連詞："隨著時間的推移"#when豐while

5.while用法：+V延：主從句動作并列同時發(fā)生

①連詞："當(dāng)…."表"進行：HeissingingwhileIamdancing.

②并列連詞：“然而”，表兩情況對比HeistallwhileIamshort.

6.theminute;themoment;thesecond;theinstant用法：=when

7.immediately;directly;instantly作連詞

8.on/upon"一…就"：

Eg.Onarrivingthere,theygotdowntoworkimmediately.

9.bythetime;nexttime;every/eachtime;everyday弓I導(dǎo)時間狀語

從句，可以用一般現(xiàn)在時表將來時。

10.forthefirsttime作狀語,后面不能+"從句

Eg.Iwentthereforthefirsttime.

11.Before特殊句型用法：

It....+時間段+before+....

Eg.Itisthreeweeksbeforewemeetagain.

longbefore不久（adv短語）=soon

beforelong很久以刖（adv短語）

longbefore+時狀從:在…前很早就…

12.till和until的用法：兩者放肯定句，放后面，可互換

V延+訓(xùn)（通常不句首）not（+V瞬）until....

WaittillIcallyou.Shedidn'tarriveuntil6o,clock.

13.原因狀語從句:

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

because;since;as;for（引導(dǎo)并列句）nowthat既然（達到.…再做….）

①回答why用法inthat:從某方面來說

l看成（that+賓從，且that不省略W

Because②強調(diào)句

③被not修飾時seeingthat;

becauseof+n/prop/doing/what從句consideringthat;

（作狀語,不作表語）giventhat

Hisabsencewasbecauseoftherain.

（錯誤）

固定句型:Thereasonwhy......isthat.....(thattbecause)

for:對結(jié)果加以推斷：Hemustbeill,forheisabsenttoday.

注意：主系表+that,可以引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句：

Eg.I'mexcitedthathehasebacksafely.

14.地點狀語從句：

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

Where（本身是adv,不+prep）where;anywhere;wherever

where引導(dǎo)地點狀語從句,不改成：介詞+關(guān)系代詞

where引導(dǎo)定語從句,改成：介詞+關(guān)系代詞

15.條件狀語從句：

（雖主將從現(xiàn)，will不表將來，表示意愿；若要表示將來動作，用

betodo.—Ifyouaretosucceed,youmustworkhard.

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

if；as/solongas;onlyif;providing=provided

unless=if....not....that

Supposing=supposedthat;incasethat;

onconditionthat;intheeventof

注意」once:"一旦"=①assoonas：因…就.…

②fromthemomentwhen:從…時起

16.方式狀語從句：

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

as“按照”theway

asif/asthough"好像”Inthisway/inthatway/inthesame

way/inanotherway(in可省略)

Eg.Doit(in)thisway.

asif/asthough:"好像"一狀語從句+虛擬語氣（與事實相反）

asif/asthough:“好像”一狀語從句+陳述語氣（事實可能性大）

asif/asthough:"好像"+分詞短語/不定式/無動詞短語

17.目的狀語從句：

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

sothat;lest;incase;forfearthat;inthe

inorderthathopethat;forthepurposethat;

注意：sothat引導(dǎo)從句中有情態(tài)動詞

can/could/may/might/should/would時是目的狀從；沒有情態(tài)動詞則

是結(jié)果狀語從句。

18.forfearthat....用法:“以免,生怕,唯恐”

引導(dǎo)狀從,用虛擬語氣(should/would/could/might+V原)；should

有“萬一”之意，不可省略。

19.incase用法:“以免，生怕，唯恐”

①引導(dǎo)目的狀從；②引導(dǎo)條件狀從=if

20.結(jié)果狀語從句：

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引高頻具體考點用法

導(dǎo)詞

so....that....such1"X*so+adj/adv+that..…

such...that....that:友Tso+many/much/little（少用/few+that..…

sothattotheso+adj+a/an+單數(shù)n+that..…

degreeUsuch+a/an+adj+單數(shù)n+that....

■

tothe,Csuch+adj+復(fù)數(shù)n+that....

extent具such

degree+adj+不可數(shù)n+that...o

to

sucha

degree

that

21.讓步狀語從句：不用和but連用，可以和yet連用

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

Though（可倒裝）as（倒裝）;nomatter;inspiteofthefactthat

although（更正式）while;whatever;whoever;wherever

Evenif:即使（假定性）whenever;however;whichever

eventhough盡管（肯定事實）whether…or....（不論.…還是尸beit...or…

b

or+一對反義詞=whether...or...

例1Dayornight,heworkedhard.例2：rilbethere,beitrainyorsunny.

22.讓狀從的倒裝規(guī)則:

adj/去冠n/adv/V+as/though+主語+謂語動詞+主句

Eg.Childasheis,heknowsalot.或Youngasheis,heknowsa

lot.

Eg.Tryashemay,hecouldn'tsolvetheproblem.

注意：美語中，as...as….也可以引導(dǎo)讓步狀從：

例:Coldasitwas,wewentout.=Ascoldasitwas,wewentout.

23.比較狀語從句：

常用引導(dǎo)詞特殊引導(dǎo)詞

as....as….侗級比較）Themore...themore....越...越....

than（不同級比較）Justas...,so....正如…一樣

AistoBwhat/asXistoY.

A和B的關(guān)系如果X和丫的關(guān)系

詞和并列句》用法:

1.Notonly....but（also）....用法：（語義上：強調(diào)后者）

就近原則NotonlyJohnbutalsohisfatherisinterestedinfootball.

句首，倒裝Notonlyhecanplayfootball,butalsocanheplaytheviolin.

位置轉(zhuǎn)換NotonlyJohnbuthisfatheralsoisinterestedinfootball.

2.Neither......nor..…用法：

就近原則NeitherJohnnorhisfatherisinterestedinfootball.

句型轉(zhuǎn)換Neither.…nor.....=not....nor.....

倒裝用法Idon*t