2025屆新高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)段落發(fā)展閱讀題

2025屆新高考英語(yǔ)熱點(diǎn)沖刺復(fù)習(xí)

段落發(fā)展閱讀題CONTENTS命題方式01全部題型技巧復(fù)習(xí)習(xí)題練習(xí)020301段落發(fā)展題Whatis段落發(fā)展題？段落發(fā)展題是英語(yǔ)閱讀理解中的一種常見(jiàn)題型，主要考查考生對(duì)文章篇章結(jié)構(gòu)的理解能力。?這種題型要求考生分析文章的段落組織結(jié)構(gòu)，理解段落之間的邏輯關(guān)系，以及作者如何通過(guò)段落安排來(lái)表達(dá)文章的主旨和論點(diǎn)。提問(wèn)方式:Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenewstudy?Howdidresearcherscollectevidenceforthestudy?Howdidtheresearchersreachtheirconclusion?ThisadvertisementismademorebelievablebyTheauthorsupportshisviewby0Howdidthetwoprofessorsreachtheconclusionoftheirstudy?Inwhichwaydidresearchersdrawaconclusion?必備詞匯:byanalyzingdifferentcategories分析不同的類別analyzingthereasons分析原因classifying分類comparingdata比較數(shù)據(jù)comparingthestatistics比較統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)conductingexperiments進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)解題時(shí)，考生需要：?把握文章的總體結(jié)構(gòu)?：注意文章的開(kāi)頭和結(jié)尾，通常這些部分包含文章的主旨。?識(shí)別段落的主題句?：每個(gè)段落通常有一個(gè)主題句，后面跟著的是對(duì)主題句的展開(kāi)或例證。?分析段落之間的關(guān)系?：注意段落之間的過(guò)渡詞語(yǔ)，這些詞語(yǔ)幫助理解段落的銜接和邏輯關(guān)系。不同體裁的文章有不同的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)：?議論文?：通常遵循提出問(wèn)題、分析問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題的結(jié)構(gòu)。?記敘文?：按照故事的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和結(jié)局來(lái)組織。?說(shuō)明文?：突出說(shuō)明事物的特點(diǎn)，按照一定的邏輯順序展開(kāi)。解題方法：觀察定位段是否出現(xiàn)了提示詞。①bygivingexamples通過(guò)舉例。標(biāo)志詞:forexample，forinstance②byanalyzingcauses通過(guò)分析原因。標(biāo)志詞:asaresult/consequence!ens③bygivingdefinition通過(guò)下定義。標(biāo)志詞:thatistosay④bylistingdatastatistics/figures通過(guò)列數(shù)字。標(biāo)志詞:具體數(shù)字⑤bydescribingaprocess通過(guò)描述過(guò)程。標(biāo)志詞:first，second，third，finally⑥byfollowingtimeorder遵作時(shí)間順序。標(biāo)志詞:in1920，inthe1940s，nowadays⑦bymakingcomparison/contrast通過(guò)對(duì)比。標(biāo)志詞:but,while,⑧bymakingclassifications過(guò)分類。標(biāo)志詞:first.next.then⑨byanalyzingcauseandeffect通過(guò)分析因果。標(biāo)志詞:Thatisbecause....⑩byfollowingspaceorder遵循空間順序。標(biāo)志詞:由近及遠(yuǎn)，由外到內(nèi)Armstrongshowedagreattalent(天賦)formusicwhenhewastaughttoplaythecornet(短號(hào))ataboy’shome.Inhislateteens,Armstrongbegantolivethelifeofamusician.Heplayedinparades(游行，閱兵),clubs,andonthesteamboatsthattraveledontheMississippiRiver.Atthattime,NewOrleanswasfamousforthenewmusicofjazzandwashometomanygreatmusicians.Armstronglearnedfromtheoldermusiciansandsoonbecamerespectedastheirequal.

Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.byspaceB.byexamplesC.bytimeD.bycomparisonCAlsoofnote:thepercentageofcatswith“secure”attachmentstylesisactuallyhigherthandogs“,only58%ofdogsshowedthe”secure“attachment,while42%werecategorizedasinsecure.

Thelastparagraphisdeveloped_______________.A.bygivingexamples B.bycomparingdata C.bygivingtimeorder D.byfollowingthelogicBAtthesametime,computerswillsurelybecomeacentralpartoftheschoolinthefuture.AccordingtoTheAge,thedistantlearningwillbepopularandstudentswilllistentoteachersoncomputers.Goingintoclassroomsontheircomputers,studentswillstudyatanytime,whichisveryeasyforthem.

Thethirdparagraphisdeveloped________.A.bygivingexamplesB.byusingpersuasivedataC.bygivingresearchresultD.bycomparingdataC02習(xí)題練習(xí)Prairiedog（草原犬鼠）tunnels（洞穴通道）usuallyhaveseveralchambers.Thesechambersarelikeroomsinahouse.Femaleprairiedogsusethemwhentheygivebirthandwhentheyraisetheirbabies.Theotherchambersareusedbythefamilyforsleeping.Tomakethemcomfortable，prairiedogsinsulate（使······隔離）thechambersbyliningthewallswithgrass.Thetunnelsarealsousedforshelterwhenprairiedogsarethreatenedbyotheranimals.Forthisreasontheyaredesignedwithtwoormoreescapeholes.Howdoestheauthorexplainthefunctionofchambersintheparagraph?A.Bygivingthemeaningofchambers.B.Bydescribinghowchambersarebuilt.C.Byclassifyingthecontentsofchambers.D.Bycomparingchamberstohumanrooms.DScientistsstudied34years'worthofrecordingsofsoundsmadeby19femalebottlenose

dolphins.Whenthemotherdolphinswereneartheiryoung,theycontinuedtomaketheirsignature

sound,butatahigherfrequency.Theyalsousedawiderrangeoffrequenciesthantheydidwhen

theirbabieswerenotnearby.Howdidtheresearcherscarryouttheirstudyofdolphins?A.Byanalyzingmotherdolphins'soundfeatures.B.Byrecordingparent-childinteractionfrequency.C.Bymeasuringthedistancebetweenparentandchild.D.Byexaminingthespeechorgansofmotherdolphins.APartoffindingthisseeminglytricky“sweetspot”hastodowithhowpeoplespendtheextra

timetheyhave,theresearchersbehindthenewstudyargue.Theyconductedseveralsmaller

onlineexperiments.Inonetheyaskedparticipantstoimaginehaving3.5to7freehoursperday.Theywereaskedtoimaginespendingthattimedoing“productive”things(likeexercising)orto

imaginedoing“unproductive”activities

(

likewatchingTV).Studyparticipantsbelievedtheir

well-beingwouldsufferif

they

hadalotoffree

time

duringtheday—butonlyif

they

usedit

unproductively.Thoughthatexperimentwashypothetical,whichisonelimitationofthenew

research,it’scertainlyinlinewithotherresearchshowingthatbeinginastateof“flow”canbe

goodforpeople’smental

health.29.

Howdidtheresearcherscarryoutthenew

study?A.

Bydoinglarge-scaleonline

surveys.B.

Bygivinginterviewsandmentaltests.C.

Bycomparingrespondents’

backgrounds.D.

Byconductingexperimentsandanalyzingdata.DAdditionally,researcherssaythatastheairinLondonandParisbecamemorepolluted,thecitieswouldappearhaziertotheeyesaswellasinphotographs.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonettopicturesfromtheera,theywereabletodeterminetheartistswereatleastpartlyinfluencedbythechangeinemissions.28.Howdidtheresearchersconductthestudy?A.Byreferringtorelevanthistoricalrecords.B.BycomparingthepaintingsofTurnerandMonet.C.Byrelatingthepaintingstotheairconditionsthen.D.ByanalyzingthedataduringtheIndustrialRevolution.CDoctorrecommended'TVEars!“MywifeandIhaveusedTVEarsalmostdailyforthepasttwoyearsandfindthemagreathelpinourenjoymentoftelevision.Asaretiredeardoctor.IheartilyrecommendTVEarstopeoplewithnormalhearingaswellasthosewithhearingloss.3.

Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby_______.A.

usingrecommendations

B.

offeringreasonsforthisinventionC.

providingstatistics

D.

showingtheresultsofexperimentsAThepropertyalsohasabusinesscenterwithcopyandfaxservices.Parkingisavailableforanadditionalfee.LessthantwomilesfromI-405,theEmbassySuitesiswithinahalf-mileofvariousrestaurantsandjustthreemilesfromJohnWayneAirport.OurguestssaytheEmbassySuites’location,“brilliant”breakfastand“friendly”staffmakeitoneoftheirfavoriteSantaAnaproperties.3．Thisadvertisementismademorebelievableby________.A．providingtheexactaddress

B．usingguests’commentsC．a(chǎn)nalyzingitsprosandcons

D．interviewingtheguestsD03全部題型技巧復(fù)習(xí)高考英語(yǔ)閱讀理解解題技巧復(fù)習(xí)主旨?xì)w納題顧名思義，主旨?xì)w納題主要考察同學(xué)們對(duì)文章內(nèi)容以及段落大意的總體掌握。主旨?xì)w納題目常見(jiàn)的形式有：1.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?2.Whatdoesthepassagemainlytalkabout?3.Whatcouldbethebesttitleofthepassage?4.Whatdoesthelastparagraphtalkabout?該題型的選項(xiàng)往往都能在文章中找到。而正確答案通常是概括性強(qiáng)及主題突出的句子。做這類題目容易以偏概全，所以同學(xué)們尤其要注意從文章結(jié)構(gòu)中來(lái)找尋主旨句。主題句一般出現(xiàn)在文中三個(gè)位置：①段首句是主題句②but后是主題句③段尾句是主題句（文章首段）例如：ModernAmericawasbornontheroad,behindawheel.(主題句)ThecarshapedsomeofthemostlastingaspectsofAmericanculture:theroadsidediner,thebillboard,themotel,eventhehamburger.Formostofthelastcentury,thecarrepresentedwhatitmeanttobeAmerican—goingforwardathighspeedtofindnewworlds.Timeismoney,butthatprinciplemeansdifferentthingsfordifferenttypesofrestaurants.(主題句)Unlikefast-foodplaces.finediningshopsprefercustomerstostaylongerandspend.Musicisnice,peopleseemtosay,butnotimportant.Toooftenitisviewedasmereentertainment,butcertainlynotaneducationpriority(優(yōu)先).Thisviewisshortsighted.(主題句)從以上例子來(lái)看，這三個(gè)位置是我們?cè)谧鲋髦細(xì)w納題時(shí)首要關(guān)注的地方。在找到主題句之后，就能更好地歸納文章以及段落的主旨大意，拿到分?jǐn)?shù)也就不在話下了。詞義推斷題詞義推斷題尤其考察同學(xué)們對(duì)于句子的理解。題型設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)某個(gè)單詞或者詞組釋義的猜測(cè)，對(duì)文中的多義詞的含義進(jìn)行確定，或者是判斷某個(gè)代詞的指示對(duì)象。常見(jiàn)的題型為：1.Theunderlinedword/phraseinthefirstparagraphmeans?2.Theword“it”inthefirstsentencerefersto_____?3.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheword“crept”具體的解題思路如下：①根據(jù)同義詞和反義詞猜詞這個(gè)方法尤其適用于and或者or連接的詞組，例如happinessandsorrow，我們不認(rèn)識(shí)sorrow這個(gè)詞，但是根據(jù)happiness可以猜測(cè)，這個(gè)詞的意思是“悲傷”。②根據(jù)句意猜詞通過(guò)句意猜詞，需要同學(xué)們把握語(yǔ)境，知道整個(gè)句子在表達(dá)什么。例如：Asshegotclose,shesawthethief,shejumpedoutofthebed,openedthedoorandcrepttowardsadarkshadow.。題干要求找出crept的同義詞，選項(xiàng)為movedslowly,rushedout,threwaway,gotup.根據(jù)這句話的語(yǔ)境，當(dāng)主人公發(fā)現(xiàn)小偷的時(shí)候，她應(yīng)該是“悄無(wú)聲息，慢慢地”靠近小偷，因此同義的詞組是movedslowly。以意群為單位，成組視讀分清意群，停頓嫻熟，不僅是朗誦的關(guān)鍵，更是閱讀的基本素質(zhì)。英語(yǔ)閱讀是以意群為單位，而非以單詞或詞組為單位。成組視讀是說(shuō)用眼睛掃視，不是一個(gè)詞一個(gè)詞的去默看，而是向探照燈一樣根據(jù)意群，一組組的進(jìn)行掃視，句子是看做一個(gè)整體結(jié)構(gòu)的，被收納的是信息，而不是單個(gè)的詞匯。首尾在心，緊扣中心任何一個(gè)作者都會(huì)有自己的寫(xiě)作意圖，任何一篇文章也都會(huì)有自己的中心主旨，為了考察考生對(duì)文章的理解程度和閱讀水平，出題者必然會(huì)以各種方式對(duì)作者的寫(xiě)作意圖與文章的主旨要義進(jìn)行考察。一般來(lái)說(shuō)，文章的主旨經(jīng)常會(huì)被表述在文章的首尾中，首尾既包括文章的首段尾段，又包括每一段的段首句和段尾句。要想快速把握文章中心，文本之首尾段和各段之首尾句是最佳切入點(diǎn)，因此同學(xué)們應(yīng)格外注意。學(xué)會(huì)跳讀，心中有圖閱讀理解要做到心中既有森林，又有樹(shù)木，既要縱覽全文，又要主次有別。跳讀即可用來(lái)通讀全文，了解大意，又可用來(lái)搜尋細(xì)節(jié)，鎖定被考察信息——如此既把握了整體，又不會(huì)忽視細(xì)節(jié)。在跳讀時(shí)一定不要借用母語(yǔ)翻譯，比如大家可以通過(guò)情景想象、提綱列表、重點(diǎn)連線、簡(jiǎn)圖示意等手段來(lái)梳理文章脈絡(luò)，讓文章的框架更加直觀化、形象化、具體化。請(qǐng)善于猜測(cè)詞義各類考試都允許出現(xiàn)3%的超綱詞匯，這些詞匯往往文中都會(huì)給出暗示，考生可以根據(jù)上下文來(lái)推斷他們的意思。比如有些其后則會(huì)緊跟其同位語(yǔ)，直接對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋說(shuō)明;有的詞匯(多數(shù)為名詞)只需判定它是某類事物即可，比如人名、地名、某類動(dòng)、植物等等，而無(wú)須弄明白其具體意思;有些生詞實(shí)在沒(méi)有線索也不必太在意，因?yàn)?、2個(gè)詞不認(rèn)識(shí)根本不會(huì)對(duì)文章理解帶來(lái)障礙，如果大家因?yàn)椴徽J(rèn)識(shí)生詞慌了陣腳，才會(huì)得不償失影響自己的發(fā)揮。當(dāng)然，英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言相當(dāng)豐富，同一意思會(huì)有多種不同表達(dá)，以避免語(yǔ)言表述上的單調(diào)重復(fù)。考試中常見(jiàn)的題型“同意改寫(xiě)”就是考察學(xué)生的這一能力的。巧用閱讀中的各種符號(hào)逗號(hào)用于分割并列成分，兩個(gè)逗號(hào)之間，或者一個(gè)逗號(hào)之后，如果是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明成分，就可以跳過(guò)不看節(jié)省