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IntroducingNorwegianEnglishPPTcourseware目錄CONTENTSIntroductiontoNorwayNorwegianhistoryNorwegiancultureNorwegiantourism01CHAPTERIntroductiontoNorwayNorthisaNordiccountrylocatedinnorthernEurope,withapopulationofabout5millionpeopleNormallyachievedindependencefromDenmarkin1814andlaterbecauseofaKingdomin1905ThecountryhasalonghistoryofVikingraidsandexploration,andlaterbecauseagreatpowerinthe19thcenturyduetoitsrichnaturalresourcesNationalbackgroundNorthisamountainouscountrywithfjordsandplateau,andhasalargenumberofislandsalongitscoastlineThecountry'shighestmountainisMountGausta,whichreaches2469metersabovesealevelNorthisalsoknownforitsbeautifulscene,suchastheNorthernLightsandthemiddlesunGeographicenvironmentNorthhasaparliamentarysystemofgovernment,withaprimeministerandcabinetresponsiblefordailyadministrationThecountryisknownforitssocialwelfaresystem,whichincludesuniversalhealthcare,education,andpensionbenefitsNorthisalsoamemberoftheEuropeanUnion,buthasnotadaptedtheeuroasitsofficialcurrencyPoliticalsystem02CHAPTERNorwegianhistoryVikingAgeTheVikings,whowereNorseseafarers,establishedthefirstNorwegiankingsduringthe8thcenturyADChristianNorthconvertedtoChristianityduringthe10thcenturyAD,mainlyundertheinfluenceoftheAngloSaxonsPrehistoricaltimesNorthwasfirstsettledduringtheStoneAge,withnominaltrialsmovingintotheareaIncidenthistoryFeudalismDuringtheHighMiddleAges,aestheticsbecauseestablishedinNorway,withlandownersrulingovertheirtalentsNorwegianIcelandictradeTheNorthmenestablishedIcelandiccoloniesandtradedwithGreenlandandNorthAmericaDeclineoftheVikingAgeBythe13thcenturyAD,theVikingAgehasdeclinedandenteredaperiodofpeaceandstabilityMedicalhistoryUnionwithDenmark01NorwaywasunderDanishrulefrom1380to1814,whenitwasannexedbySwedenNorwegianindependence02NorwayretaineditsindependencefromSwedenin1905andbecauseofacertainstateWorldWarII03NorthwasinvadedbyGermanyin1940andretainedunderoccupationuntil1945,whenitwasregistereditsfreedomModernhistory03CHAPTERNorwegiancultureTraditionalcultureTraditionalclothing:Norwegiantraditionalclothingisanimportantpartofthecountry'sculturalheritageThemostcommonitemofNorwegiantraditionalclothingisthebundle,whichisaNorwegianfolkcostthatincludesalongdress,apron,andheadcardOthertraditionalNorwegianclothingincludesthelusekofte,atypeofNorwegianfolkcostthatincludesalongsleevedshirt,stockings,andadecorativebelt,andthenorskeSL?tte,aNorwegianpestbloomwithapointedcolarandcrowdedsleepsThesetraditionalNorwegianclothesareoftenwornonspecialoccasionssuchasweddingsandfestivalsTraditionalhandicrafts:Norwegiantraditionalhandicraftshavealonghistoryandareanimportantpartofthecountry'sculturalheritageThesehandcraftsincludebasketball,carrying,weaving,andneedleworkSomeofthemostcommonNorwegiantraditionalhandcraftsincludetheLofotenstocks,atypeofNorwegianfolkcraftthatusescoloredyarntocreateintegratedpatternsonstocks,andtheVeteranhammer,atypeofNorwegianfolkcraftthatusesgonehairtocreateadecorativehammerTraditionalcultureNorwegianart:NorwegianarthasarichhistoryandisknownforitsuniquestyleandqualitySomeofthemostcommonNorwegianartistsincludeEdwardMunch,whoisknownforhispaintingsandprintsoflandscapesandfigures,andOddNerdrum,whoisknownforhisoilpaintingsthatsoftfeaturemythicalorfairtalethemesNorwegianartisalsorepresentedbymanyotherartistswhoworkinavarietyofmediaandstylesArtandMusicNorwegianmusichasarichanddiversehistorythatreflectsthecountry'sculturalheritageandtraditionsSomeofthemostcommonNorwegianmusicgenresincludeNordicfolkmusic,whichofthefeaturesinstrumentssuchastheHardangerfiddleandnyckelharpa,andNorwegianjazz,whichisknownforitsuniqueblendoftraditionaljazzsoundswithNorwegianfolkmusicNorwegianmusicisalsopresentedbymanyotherstylesandgenresthatreflectthecountry'sculturaldiversityArtandMusicNorwegianarchitecture:NorwegianarchitecturehasarichhistoryandisknownforitsuniquestyleanduseofnaturalmaterialssuchaswoodandstoneSomeofthemostcommonNorwegianarchitectsincludeHenningLarsen,whoisknownforhismodelingbuildsthatofthesoftfeaturesleeplinesandgeometricshapes,andSverreFehn,whoisknownforhisuseoftraditionalmaterialssuchaswoodandstonetocreatebuildingsthatofthesoftfeatureopenfloorplansandnaturallightingNorwegianarchitectureisalsopresentedbymanyotherarchitectswhoworkinavarietyofstylesandgenresArchitectureandDesignArchitectureandDesignNorwegiandesign:Norwegiandesignisknownforitssimplicity,functionality,anduseofnaturalmaterialssuchaswood,stone,andwoodNorwegiandesignoftenreflectsonthecountry'sculturalheritageandtraditionswhilealsoincorporatingmodernelementsandtechnologiesSomeofthemostcommonNorwegiandesignersincludeArneJacobsen,whoisknownforhisminimaldesignsthataresoftfeaturesleeplinesandsmoothsurfaces,and

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