2023年中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題-第4講動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)（原稿版）

2023年中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)專題第4講動(dòng)詞被動(dòng)語態(tài)（原稿版）考情分析廣東省卷近5年中考考點(diǎn)解讀考點(diǎn)題型2022 202120202019 2018一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空wereordered語法選擇wereaskedwereinvitedwereinvented 短文填空 weregiven一般將來時(shí)單項(xiàng)填空willbebuilt含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 分析廣東省卷近10年中考真題可知，語法選擇中2年考查了3道被動(dòng)語態(tài)。往年單項(xiàng)填空每年必考1道動(dòng)詞的語態(tài)，選項(xiàng)設(shè)置大多是兩種時(shí)態(tài)結(jié)合兩種語態(tài)，而對(duì)其時(shí)態(tài)的考查一般不會(huì)涉及語態(tài)。解答此類試題，考生應(yīng)做到以下幾點(diǎn)：1.觀察語境，確定題目所用的時(shí)態(tài)；2.分析選項(xiàng)，若選項(xiàng)中出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的選項(xiàng)(be+過去分詞)，則基本可判定本題就是考查被動(dòng)語態(tài)，由此可排除兩個(gè)主動(dòng)語態(tài)的選項(xiàng)；3.根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)判斷出正確的答案。二．知識(shí)導(dǎo)圖三．動(dòng)詞語態(tài)基本知識(shí)1.定義：語態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用來表明主語與謂語動(dòng)詞之間的關(guān)系。英語動(dòng)詞有兩種語態(tài)：主動(dòng)語態(tài)和被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語態(tài)表示主語是動(dòng)作的承受者。簡單來說，就是判斷謂語動(dòng)作是否是主語發(fā)出的，如果是，一般為主動(dòng)語態(tài)，如果不是，通常是被動(dòng)語態(tài)。一般說來，只有及物動(dòng)詞才有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。如：Sheopenedthewindow.她打開了這扇窗戶。(主動(dòng)語態(tài))Thewindowwasopened.這扇窗被打開了。(被動(dòng)語態(tài))2.被動(dòng)語態(tài)的構(gòu)成被動(dòng)語態(tài)由“be+動(dòng)詞的過去分詞”構(gòu)成。be動(dòng)詞的變化體現(xiàn)時(shí)態(tài)的變化，過去分詞的形式不變。疑問式和否定式的變化也是如此。四．中考主要的四種被動(dòng)語態(tài)1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。構(gòu)成：主語＋be(am/is/are)＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋bysb./todosth．如：Ourhouseiscleanedbymysistereveryday.我們的房子每天由我姐姐打掃。(肯定句)→Ourhouseisn'tcleanedbymysistereveryday.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)→Isourhousecleanedbymysistereveryday?(一般疑問句，把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首)2.一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。構(gòu)成：主語＋be(was/were)＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋bysb./todosth．如：Thepenwasboughtbymyfatheryesterday.這支鋼筆是我爸爸昨天買的。→Thepenwasn'tboughtbymyfatheryesterday.(否定句，在was/were后加not)→Wasthepenboughtbymyfatheryesterday?(一般疑問句，把was/were提到句首)3.一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。構(gòu)成：（1）主語＋willbe＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋bysb./todosth．（2）主語＋be(am/is/are)＋goingtobe＋動(dòng)詞的過去分詞＋bysb./todosth．如：(1)Thesetreeswillbeplantedtomorrow.這些樹明天將被種植?！鶷hesetreeswon'tbeplantedtomorrow.(否定句，在will后加not)→Willthesetreesbeplantedtomorrow?(一般疑問句，把will提到句首)(2)Themeetingisgoingtobeheldnextweek.會(huì)議將于下周召開?！鶷hemeetingisn'tgoingtobeheldnextweek.(否定句，在am/is/are后加not)→Isthemeetinggoingtobeheldnextweek?(一般疑問句，把a(bǔ)m/is/are提到句首)4.含有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。構(gòu)成：主語＋情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋be＋過去分詞＋bysb./todosth．如：Theplanshouldbemadeassoonaspossible.這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃應(yīng)該盡早制訂出來?！鶷heplanshouldn'tbemadeassoonaspossible.(否定句，主語＋情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋not＋be＋done)→Shouldtheplanbemadeassoonaspossible?(一般疑問句，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋主語＋be＋done)→Whatshouldbemadeassoonaspossible?(特殊疑問句，特殊疑問詞＋情態(tài)動(dòng)詞(＋主語)＋be＋done)被動(dòng)語態(tài)的使用方法1.把主動(dòng)語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語態(tài)的方法。(1)把原主動(dòng)句中的賓語變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句的主語。(2)把動(dòng)詞變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)形式，即be＋過去分詞，并注意其人稱和數(shù)隨主語的變化，而動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)則保持不變。(3)原主動(dòng)句的主語若需要，則放在by后面并以它的賓格形式出現(xiàn)(代詞的賓格)，如不需要?jiǎng)t可省略。(4)其他成分(定語、狀語)不變。Weboughtsomebooks.（主動(dòng)語態(tài)）somebookswereboughtbyus.（被動(dòng)語態(tài)）六．使用被動(dòng)語態(tài)應(yīng)注意的幾個(gè)方面1.使役動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。常見的使役動(dòng)詞為make、let、keep、have、get等，see、hear、notice等為感官動(dòng)詞，使役動(dòng)詞的句子在表達(dá)主動(dòng)意義時(shí)，動(dòng)詞do前面沒有to，但在被動(dòng)語態(tài)中要加to。即：主動(dòng)：make/see/watch/notice/hearsb.dosth.被動(dòng)：sb.bemade/seen/watched/noticed/heardtodosth.e.g.:Imadethebabycry.(主動(dòng)語態(tài))=Thebabywasmadetocrybyme.(被動(dòng)語態(tài))2.雙賓語的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。(1)間接賓語(人)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，直接賓語(物)仍保留在原位。e.g.:Shegavemeabookjustnow.=Iwasgivenabookbyherjustnow．(2)間接賓語(物)變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)的主語，間接賓語(人)前加介詞to或for。e.g.:Shegavemeabookjustnow.=Abookwasgiventomebyherjustnow．3.感官動(dòng)詞(look、smell、taste、sound、feel)用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)。e.g.:Themusicsoundssweet．4.不及物動(dòng)詞(happen、takeplace、cost、breakout、spread、belongto等)沒有被動(dòng)語態(tài)。e.g.:NewsspreadsfastonWeChattoday.5.動(dòng)詞短語變成被動(dòng)語態(tài)時(shí)不能少掉其中的介詞或副詞。e.g.:Thenurselooksafterthepatientwell.=Thepatientislookedafterwellbythenurse．6.open、lock、write、read、sell、clean、wash、cut、drive等詞作不及物動(dòng)詞且它們的主語為物時(shí)，可用主動(dòng)語態(tài)表被動(dòng)。e.g.:Thiskindofshirtwasheswell.Thepenwritessmoothly．7.動(dòng)詞ing形式表被動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞①need,require作“需要”講時(shí)，其后常跟動(dòng)詞ing表被動(dòng)。等同于不定式后的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。Thebikeneedsmending.=Thebikeneedstobemended.②beworthdoingsth.值得做某事Thebookiswellworthreading.七．方法技巧被動(dòng)語態(tài)在語法選擇中的運(yùn)用分析廣東省卷近3年中考真題可知，在語法選擇中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查了3次，均考查一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。考生在做題時(shí)需注意以下兩點(diǎn)：(1)判斷主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系是主動(dòng)還是被動(dòng)；(2)判斷被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)和數(shù)的變化：聯(lián)系上下文，確定被動(dòng)語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)；助動(dòng)詞be要在人稱和數(shù)上與主語保持一致。例：(2022廣東)Studentsintheschool__37__togetupat6：45a．m.topracticetheirbasicskills,butWanggotupat6：00inthemorning.()37.A.askB.askedC.wereasked被動(dòng)語態(tài)在短文填空中的運(yùn)用分析廣東省卷近5年中考真題可知，在短文填空中，被動(dòng)語態(tài)考查了1次，考查的是一般過去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。在做題時(shí)，需先分析句子所缺成分，再根據(jù)主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系判斷語態(tài)。例：(2018廣東)Once,WillandhisbrotherHarry__73__givenajobtorebuildabrokenbrick(磚)wallintheyard.Thewallwasfiftyfeetwideandaroundsixteenfeethigh.廣東中考真題()1.(2021廣東)Somepeopletocheckoutthebridgebeforetheopening.Jerrywasoneofthem.areinviting B.areinvited C.wereinvited D.wereinviting()2.(2020廣東)Hetoldthemthatkites______inChinamorethan2，000yearsago．A.inventB.inventedC.areinventedD.wereinvented()3.(2019廣東)ItissaidthatoneGreaterBayAreauniversity______inGuangdonginthefuture．A.willbebuiltB.buildC.willbuildD.isbuilt()4.(2018廣東)ManyshopsinChina______toshutdownasanewlawagainstivory(象牙)tradecameintoeffectonJanuarylst，2018．A.orderedB.didn’torderC.wereorderedD.weren’tordered()5.(2017廣東)Thewaitertoldmethatfreeparking______forthehotelguests．A.providesB.providedC.willbeprovidedD.wasprovided提升訓(xùn)練一、語法選擇（被動(dòng)語態(tài)專練）Iliveinaveryoldtownwhich1.bybeautifulwoods.It'sascenicspot.OnSundays,hundredsofpeopleefromthecitytoseeourtownandtowalkthroughthewoods.Visitorsareaskedtokeepthewoodsclean.Litterbaskets2.underthetrees,butrubbish3.everywherebypeopleasusual.LastWednesday,Iwentforawalkinthewoods.WhatIsawmademeverysad.Ifoundsevenoldcarsandthreeoldrefrigerators.Thelitterbasketswereemptyandtheground4.withpiecesofpaper,cigaretteends,oldtyres,emptybottlesandrustytins...Amongtherubbish,Ifoundasignwhichsaid,Alltherubbish5.intothebaskets.Anyonewholeaveslitterinthesewoods6..”()B.surroundsC.issurroundedD.willbesurrounded()B.isplacedC.wasplacedD.havebeenplaced()B.isthrownC.threwD.arethrown()B.coveredC.wascoveredD.wascovering()5.A.mustputB.mustbeputC.mustbeputtedD.mustputting()6.A.willbepunishedB.arepunishedC.punishD.punished三、短文填空（被動(dòng)語態(tài)專練）Thereareancient(古代的)storiesthatcanremindusofthepowerofwords.YanZi’sVisittotheStateofChuisoneofthem.YanZiwastheambassador(大使)oftheStateofQi.Once,hewenttovisittheStateofChu.ThekingofChu.1.(plan)toinsult(侮辱)YanZi.YanZiwasshort.Thekingorderedhissoldierstoclosethecitygatebutleaveaholefordogsopen.YanZi2..(ask)toenterthroughthehole.ButYanZiwasnotangry.Hesaid:"