英語專項(xiàng)往年國(guó)企英語閱讀理解考試真題

JogginghasbecomethemostpopularindividualsportinAmerica.Manytheories,evensomemysticalones,havebeenadvancedtoexplainthepopularityofjogging.Theplaintruthisthatjoggingisacheap,quickandefficientwaytomaintain(orachieve)physicalfitness.Themostusefulsortofexerciseisexercisethatdevelopstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems.Ifthesesystemsarefit,thebodyisreadyforalmostanysportandforalmostanysuddendemandmadebyworkoremergencies.Onecantrainmorespecifically,asbydevelopingstrengthforweightliftingortheabilitytorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowersinfootball,butrunningtrainsyourheartandlungstodeliveroxygenmoreefficientlytoallpartsofyourbody.Itisworthnotingthatthissortofexerciseistheonlykindthatcanreduceheartdisease,thenumberonecauseofdeathinAmerica.Onlyonesortofequipmentisneeded–agoodpairofshoes.Physiciansadvisebeginningjoggersnottoruninatennisorgymshoe.Manydesignadvanceshavebeenmadeinonlythelastseveralyearsthatmakeanexcellentrunningshoeindispensableifarunnerwishestodevelopasquicklyaspossible,withaslittlechanceofinjuryaspossible.Agoodrunningshoewillhaveasoftpadforabsorbingshock,aswellasaslightlybuilt-upheelandafullheelcupthatwillgivethekneeandanklemorestability.Awiseinvestmentingoodshoeswillpreventbilistersandthefoot,ankleandkneeinjuresandwillalsoenablethewearertorunonpavedorsoftsurfaces.Nootherspecialequipmentisneeded;youcanjoginanyclothingyoudesire,evenyourstreetclothes.Manyjoggerswearexpensive,flashywarm–upsuits,butjustasmanywearasimplepairofgymshoesandT-shirt;infact,manypeoplejustjoginlastyear’sclothes.Incoldweather,severallayersofclothingarebetterthanoneheavysweaterorcoat.Ifjoggersarewearingseverallayersofclothing,theycanaddorsubtractlayersasconditionschange.Ittakessurprisinglylittletimetodeveloptheabilitytorun.TheAmericanJoggingAssociationhasatwelve–weekprogramdesignedtomoveformafifteen-minutewalk(whichalmostanyonecanmanagewhoisinreasonablehealth)toathirty-minuterun.Ameasureofcommonsense,aphysicalexamination,andaplannedscheduleareallittakes.1.Theymainpurposeofthispassageisto_____.A.discussjoggingasaphysicalfitnessprogramB.describethetypeofclothingneededforjoggingC.providescientificevidenceofthebenefitsofjoggingD.distinguishbetweenjoggingasa“commonsense“fitnessprogramandacult(崇拜)movement2.Themostusefulkindofexerciseisexercisethat______.A.trainsthebodyforweighliftingB.enablesapersontorunstraightaheadforshortdistanceswithgreatpowerC.isbothbeneficialandinexpensiveD.developstheheart,lungs,andcirculatorysystems3.Wecanconcludefromthispassagethat______.A.becauseofjogging,heartdiseaseisnolongeranAmericanproblemB.joggingcanbeharmfuliftherunnerisnotproperlypreparedC.warm-upsuitsarepreferabletogymshoesandT-shirtsD.joggingisbadfortheanklesandknees4.Theauthor’stone______.A.skepticalB.aggressiveC.approvingD.purelyobjective5.Asusedinthispassage,theword“mystical“means________.A.awesomeB.horrifyingC.aspirtualdisciplineD.vicious答案：ADBCC2、ThehomeserviceindustryinBeijingisexpectedtobecomemoreattractivebothasajobandasanindustry．SourcesattheBeijingPeople’sPoliticalConsultativeConferencesaidresistancetohomeserviceworkismeltingawayfrommindsofthecity’slaid－offworkers．TheConferencesuggestedtheestablishmentofmunicipalcenterswhichsupervisepropertymanagement，householdmendingandinstallation，andhousekeepingservices．Moderncitylifeiscreatinganeedforindustrializationhomeservices．Thiswillcreatejobopportunitiesforlaid－offworkers，saidVicedirectoroftheSocialJudicialCommitteeoftheConference．Beijingresidentshavelongdesiredahomeserviceindustry．Thedemandisexpectedtodriveneweconomicgrowth．TherearefewhighqualityhomehelpservicesinBeijingandcustomersarealwayscomplaining．Inthepast，fewlaid－offworkersinBeijingdesiredtoworkashomehelpers，jobslargelytakenbyyoungwomenfromthecountryside．Atthesametime，somecityresidentshavenotfeltsafetrustingruralgirlswithmodernhouseholdmachinesorwiththeirsmallchildren．Manypeoplewouldpaymoreforreliablehousekeeperswhoaremorefamiliarwithcitylife，buttheyhavehadnowayofgettingone，eventhoughthecityishometothousandsoflaid－offworkers．BytheendofJunethisyear，therewere30，600joblessworkersinthecity．Mostofthemarewomenintheir40’s，whoarenotblessedwithparticularskillsandwhohavehadtheirworkethicsshapedbytheplannedeconomy．Manyofthemwereatalosswhentheyfirstrealizedtheyhadlosttheirjobsandawayoflifetheyhadgotusedtofordecades．Theyneverimaginedbeinglaid－offbystate－ownedenterprises；theyneverconsideredotherkindsofemployment．Forthem，theprivatesectormeanttakingrisks；housekeepingimpliedlowersocialstatus．Gaoyunfang，44，isapioneerwhoisbreakingtheice．ShesellstheBeijingMorningPostinthemorning，andworksattwohouseholdsintheafternoon．Sheearns1，000yuanpermonth．Soshenolongerworriesaboutherdaughter’stuitionatauniversityinShanghai．1．Whatistalkedaboutinthepassage?A）Homeservice．B）Moderncitylife．C）Laid－offworker．D）Socialstatus．2．Whatdoestheword"laid－off’inthepassagemean?A）Heavily－burdened．B）Old．C）Inexperienced．D）Jobless．3．Whyweremanylaid－offworkersataloss?A）Becausetheydidn’tgetusedtothenewwayoflife．B）Becausetheyaretoooldtofindanewjob．C）Becausetheydislikebeinglaidoff．D）Becausetheythinktheylosttheirsocialstatus．4．Whydidn’tthelaid－offworkersliketodohomeservicesinthepast?A）Lowsalary．B）Lowersocialstatus．C）Dirtyworkingcondition．D）Toomuchextrawork．5．Inwhichwaysishomeserviceindustrygoodforoursociety?A）Itmeetstheneedsofmodernlife．B）Itprovidesworkopportunitiesforthelaid－offworker．C）Itisanewindustry．D）AandB．參考答案：ADABD3、Amoment'sdrillingbythedentistmaymakeusnervousandupset.Manyofuscannotstandpain.Toavoidthepainofadrillingthatmaylastperhapsaminuteortwo,wedemandtheneedle-ashotofnovocaine（奴佛卡因）-thatdeadensthenervesaroundthetooth.Nowit'struethatthehumanbodyhasdevelopeditsmillionsofnervestobehighlyawareofwhatgoesonbothinsideandoutsideofit.Thishelpsusadjusttotheworld.Withoutournerves-andourbrain,whichisabundleofnerves-wewouldn'tknowwhat'shappening.Butwepayforoursensitivity.Wecanfeelpainwhentheslightestthingiswrongwithanypartofourbody.Thehistoryoftortureisbasedonthehumanbodybeingopentopain.Butthereisawaytohandlepain.LookattheIndianfakir（行僧）whositsonabedofnails.Fakirscanputaneedlerightthroughanarm,andfeelnopain.Thisabilitythatsomehumanshavedevelopedtohandlepainshouldgiveusideasabouthowthemindcandealwithpain.Thebigthinginwithstandingpainisourattitudetowardit.Ifthedentistsays,Thiswillhurtalittle,ithelpsustoacceptthepain.Bystayingrelaxed,andbytreatingthepainasaninterestingsensation（感覺）,wecanhandlethepainwithoutfallingapart.Afterall,althoughpainisanunpleasantsensation,itisstillasensation,andsensationsarethestuffoflife.1.Thepassageismainlyabout________.A）howtosufferpainB）howtoavoidpainC）howtohandlepainD）howtostoppain2.ThesentenceButwepayforoursensitivity.inthesecondparagraphimpliesthat________.A）weshouldpayadebtforourfeelingB）wehavetobehurtwhenwefeelsomethingC）ourpainisworthfeelingD）whenwefeelpain,wearesufferingit3.WhentheauthormentionstheIndianfakir,hesuggeststhat________.A）IndiansarenotatallafraidofpainB）peoplemaybesenselessofpainC）somepeopleareabletohandlepainD）fakirshavemagictoputneedlesrightthroughtheirarms4.themostimportantthingtohandlepainis________.A）howwelookatpainB）tofeelpainasmuchaspossibleC）toshowaninterestinpainD）toacceptthepainreluctantly5.Theauthor'sattitudetowardspainis________.A）pessimisticB）optimisticC）radical（極端的）D）practical參考答案：1.C2.D3.C4.A5.B4.PresidentClinton'sdecisiononApr.8tosendChinesePremierZhuRongjipackingwithoutanagreementonChina'sentryintotheWorldTradeOrganizationseemedtobeamassivemiscalculation.ThePresidenttookadrubbingfrommuchofthepress,whichhadbreathlesslyreportedthatadealwasinthebag.TheCabinetandWhiteHousestillappeareddivided,andbusinessleaderswerecharacterizedasfuriousoverthelostopportunity.ZhuchargedthatClintonlacked"thecourage"toreachanaccord.AndwhenClintonlatertelephonedtheangryZhutopledgearenewedeffortatnegotiations,thegesturewaswidelyportrayedasaflip-flop.

Infact,ClintonmadetherightdecisioninholdingoutforabetterWTOdeal.Alotmorehorsetradingisneededbeforeafinalagreementcanbereached.AndwithouttheAdministration'sgoalofa"bullet-proofagreement"thatbusinesslobbyistscanenthusiasticallyselltoaRepublicanCongress,thewholeprocesswillendupinpartisanacrimonythatcouldharmrelationswithChinaforyears.

THEHARDPART.Manybusinesslobbyists,whiledisappointedthatthedealwasnotclosed,agreethatbettertermscan

stillbehad.AndTreasurySecretaryRobertE.Rubin,NationalEconomicCouncilDirectorGeneB.Sperling,CommerceSecretaryWilliamM.Daley,andtoptradenegotiatorCharleneBarshefskyalladvisedClintonthatwhiletheChinesehadmadearemarkablenumberofconcessions,“we’renotthereyet,”accordingtoseniorofficials.NegotiatingwithZhuovertheremainingissuesmaybetheeasypart.AlthoughClintoncansignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentryintotheWTOhimself,heneedsCongresstograntBeijingpermanentmost-favored-nationstatusaspartofabroadtradeaccord.AndthetemptationformeddlingonCapitalHillmayproveover-whelming.ZhuhadbarelylandedbeforeSenateMajorityLeaderTrentLott(R-Miss)declaredhimselfskepticalthatChinadeservedentryintotheWTO.AndSenatorsJesseA.Helms(R-N.C.)andEmestF.Hollings(D-S.C.)promisedtointroduceabillrequiringcongressionalapprovalofanydeal.Thehiddenmessagefromthesethreetextile-stateSoutherners:GetmoreprotectionfortheU.S.clothingindustry.Hopingtosmooththeway,theAdministrationtried,butfailed,tobudgeZhuontextiles.Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,andDetroit.ZhurefusedtoopenupmuchofthelucrativeChinesesecuritiesmarketandinsistedon“cultural”restrictionsonAmericanmoviesandmusic.HealsoblockedeffortstoallowU.S.automakerstoprovidefleetfinancing.BIGJOB.Already,businesslobbyistsareblanketingCapitolHilltopresaleanyeventualagreement,butwhatthey’veheardsofarisn’tencouraging.Republicans,includingLott,saythat“thetimejustisn’tright”forthedeal.Translation:We’redeterminedtomakeitlookasifClintonhascapitulatedtotheChineseandisignoringhuman,religious,andlaborrightsviolations;thetheftofnuclear-weaponstechnology;andthesaleofmissilepartstoAmerica’senemies.Beijing’sfiercecriticswithintheDemocraticParty,suchasSenatorPaulD.WellstoneofMinnesotaandHouseMinorityleaderRichardA.GephardtofMissouri,won’thelp,either.JusthowtoughthelobbyingjobonCapitolHillwillbebecomeclearonApr.20,whenRubinlectured19chiefexecutivesontheneedtodisciplinetheirRepublicanallies.WithbusinessandtheWhiteHousestilltradingchargesoverwhoisresponsibleforthedefeatoffast-tracktradenegotiatinglegislationin1997,workingtogetherwon’tbeeasy.AndRepublicans—withawink—saythatthey’lleventuallyembraceChina’sentryintotheWTOasafavortoCorporateAmerica.ThoughnotlongbeforetheytortureClinton.ButZhuisoutonalimb,andifCongressoverdoesthecriticism,hemaybeforcedbydomesticcriticstorenege.BusinessmustmakethismuchdeartobothitsGOPalliesandtheWhitHouse:Thishistoricdealistooimportanttorisklosingtoanymorepartisansquabbling1Themainideaofthispassageis[A].TheContradictionbetweentheDemocraticPartyandtheRepublicanParty.[B].OnChina’sentryintoWTO.[C].Clintonwasright.[D].BusinessLobbyistsControlCapitolHill.2Whatdoesthesentence“Alsoleftinthelurch:WallStreet,Hollywood,Detroit”convey?[A].PremierZhurejectedtheirrequirements.[B].Thethreeplacesoverdidcriticism.[C].Theywantedmoreprotection.[D].Theyareintrouble.3WhatwastheattitudeoftheRepublicanPartytowardChina’sentryintotheWTO?[A].Contradictory.[B].Appreciative.[C].Disapproving.[D].Detestful.4WhoplaystheleadingpartinthedealinAmerica?[A].WhiteHouse.[B].Republicans.[C].TheDemocraticParty.[D].Businessmen.5Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat[A].Americawillmakeconcessions.[B].AmericawillholdoutforabetterWTO[C].ClintonhastherighttosignalU.S.approvalforChina’sentry.[D].DemocraticpartyapproveChina’sentryintotheWTO.答案：CAADA5、Weallknowthatthenormalhumandailycycleofactivityisofsome7-8hours’sleepalternationwithsome16-17hours’wakefulnessandthat,broadlyspeaking,thesleepnormallycoincideswiththehoursofdarkness.Ourpresentconcerniswithhoweasilyandtowhatextentthiscyclecanbemodified.Thequestionisnomereacademicone.Theease,forexample,withwhichpeoplecanchangefromworkinginthedaytoworkingatnightisaquestionofgrowingimportanceinindustrywhereautomationcallsforround-the-clockworkingofmachines.Itnormallytakesfromfivedaystooneweekforapersontoadapttoareversedroutineofsleepandwakefulness,sleepingduringthedayandworkingatnight.Unfortunately,itisoftenthecaseinindustrythatshiftsarechangedeveryweek;apersonmayworkfrom12:00midnightto8:00a.m.oneweek,8:00a.m.to4:00p.m.thenext,and4:00p.m.to12:00midnightthethirdandsoon.Thismeansthatnosoonerhashegotusedtooneroutinethanhehastochangetoanother,sothatmuchofhistimeisspentneitherworkingnorsleepingveryefficiently.Theonlyrealsolutionappearstobetohandoverthenightshifttoanumberofpermanentnightworkers.Aninterestingstudyofthedomesticlifeandhealthofnight-shiftworkerswascarriedoutbyBrownin1957.Shefoundahighincidenceofdisturbedsleepandotherdisordersamongthoseonalternatingdayandnightshifts,butnoabnormaloccurrenceofthesephenomenaamongthoseonpermanentnightwork.Thislattersystemthenappearstobethebestlong-termpolicy,butmeanwhilesomethingmaybedonetorelievethestrainsofalternatedayandnightworkbyselectingthosepeoplewhocanadaptmostquicklytothechangesofroutine.Onewayofknowingwhenapersonhasadaptedisbymeasuringhisbodytemperature.Peopleengagedinnormaldaytimeworkwillhaveahightemperatureduringthehoursofwakefulnessandalowoneatnight;whentheychangetonightwork,thepatternwillonlygraduallygobacktomatchthenewroutineandthespeedwithwhichitdoessoparallels,broadlyspeaking,theadaptationofthebodyasawhole,particularlyintermsofperformance.Therefore,bytakingbodytemperatureatintervalsoftwohoursthroughouttheperiodofwakefulnessitcanbeseenhowquicklyapersoncanadapttoareversedroutine,andthiscouldbeusedasabasisforselection.Sofar,however,suchaformofselectiondoesnotseemtohavebeenappliedinpractice.1.Themainproblemoftheround-the-clockworkingsystemliesin_______.A.thedisturbanceofthedailycycleofworkerswhohavetochangeshiftstoofrequentlyB.theinconveniencesbroughtabouttotheworkersbytheintroductionofautomationC.thefactthatpeopleworkingatnightareoftenlesseffectiveD.thefactthatitisdifficulttofindanumberofgoodnightworkers2.Thebestsolutiontoimplementingthe24-hourworkingsystemseems___.A.toemploypeoplewhoworkonnightshiftsonlyB.tocreatebetterlivingconditionsfornightworkersC.tochangeshiftsatlongerintervalsD.tohavelongershifts3.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTtrue?A.Bodytemperaturemayserveasanindicationofaworker’sperformance.B.Theemploymentofpermanentnightshiftworkersseemstobethebestsolutiontoproblemsoftheround-the-clockworkingsystem.C.Takingbodytemperatureatregularintervalscanshowhowapersonadaptstothechangesofroutine.D.Disturbedsleepoccursmorefrequentlyamongshiftworkers.4.Itispossibletofindoutifapersonhasadaptedtothechangesofroutinebymeasuringhisbodytemperaturebecause________.A.bodytemperaturechangeswhenthecycleofsleepandwakefulnessalternatesB.bodytemperaturechangeswhenhechangestonightshiftorbackC.thetemperaturereverseswhentheroutineischanged.D.peoplehavehighertemperaturewhentheyareworkingefficiently.5.Thephrase“coincidewith”(Line3,Para.1)couldbestbereplacedby____.A.takeplaceB.agreewithC.accordtoD.takeup答案：BAACB6、BernardBailynhasrecentlyreinterpretedtheearlyhistoryoftheUnitedStatesbyapplyingnewsocialresearchfindingsontheexperiencesofEuropeanmigrants.Inhisreinterpretation,migrationbecomestheorganizingprincipleforrewritingthehistoryofpreindustrialNorthAmerica.Hisapproachrestsonfourseparatepropositions.ThefirstoftheseassertsthatresidentsofearlymodernEnglandmovedregularlyabouttheircountryside;migratingtotheNewWorldwassimplyanaturalspillover.AlthoughatfirstthecoloniesheldlittlepositiveattractionfortheEnglish—theywouldratherhavestayedhome—bytheeighteenthcenturypeopleincreasinglymigratedtoAmericabecausetheyregardeditasthelandofopportunity.Secondly,Bailynholdsthat,contrarytothenotionthatusedtoflourishinAmericahistorytextbooks,therewasneveratypicalNewWorldcommunity.Forexample,theeconomicanddemographiccharacterofearlyNewEnglandtownsvariedconsiderably.Bailyn'sthirdpropositionsuggesttwogeneralpatternsprevailingamongthemanythousandsofmigrants:onegroupcameasindenturedservants,anothercametoacquireland.Surprisingly,Bailynsuggeststhatthosewhorecruitedindenturedservantswerethedrivingforcesoftransatlanticmigration.ThesecolonialentrepreneurshelpeddeterminethesocialcharacterofpeoplewhocametopreindustrialNorthAmerica.Atfirst,thousandsofunskilledlaborerswererecruited;bythe1730's,however,Americanemployersdemandedskilledartisans.Finally,Bailynarguesthatthecolonieswereahalf-civilizedhinterlandoftheEuropeanculturesystem.HeisundoubtedlycorrecttoinsistthatthecolonieswerepartofanAnglo-Americanempire.ButtodividetheempireintoEnglishcoreandcolonialperiphery,asBailyndoes,devaluestheachievementsofcolonialculture.Itistrue,asBailynclaims,thathighcultureinthecoloniesnevermatchedthatinEngland.Butwhatofseventeenth-centuryNewEngland,wherethesettlerscreatedeffectivelaws,builtadistinguisheduniversity,andpublishedbooks？BailynmightrespondthatNewEnglandwasexceptional.However,theideasandinstitutionsdevelopedbyNewEnglandPuritanshadpowerfuleffectsonNorthAmericanculture.AlthoughBailyngoesontoapplyhisapproachtosomethousandsofindenturedservantswhomigratedjustpriortotherevolution,hefailstolinktheirexperiencewiththepoliticaldevelopmentoftheUnitedStates.Evidencepresentedinhisworksuggestshowwemightmakesuchaconnection.TheseindenturedservantsweretreatedasslavesfortheperiodduringwhichtheyhadsoldtheirtimetoAmericanemployers.Itisnotsurprisingthatassoonastheyservedtheirtimetheypassedupgoodwagesinthecitiesandheadedwesttoensuretheirpersonalindependencebyacquiringland.Thus,itisinthewestthatapeculiarlyAmericanpoliticalculturebegan,amongcolonistswhoweresuspiciousofauthorityandintenselyanti-aristocratic.WhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaissupportedbyinformationinthetext？[A]AlargerpercentageofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmericacameasindenturedservantsthanasfreeagentsinterestedinacquiringland.[B]Migrantswhocametothecoloniesasindenturedservantsweremoresuccessfulatmakingalivelihoodthanwerefarmersandartisans.[C]MigrantstocolonialNorthAmericaweremoresuccessfulatacquiringtheirownlandduringtheeighteenthcenturythanduringtheseventeenthcentury.[D]Bythe1730's,migrantsalreadyskilledinatradewereinmoredemandbyAmericanemployersthanwereunskilledlaborers.TheauthorofthetextstatesthatBailynfailedto[A]givesufficientemphasistotheculturalandpoliticalinterdependenceofthecoloniesandEngland.[B]describecarefullyhowmigrantsofdifferentethnicbackgroundspreservedtheircultureintheUnitedStates.[C]takeadvantageofsocialresearchontheexperiencesofcolonistswhomigratedtocolonialNorthAmericaspecificallytoacquireland.[D]relatetheexperienceofthemigrantstothepoliticalvaluesthateventuallyshapedthecharacteroftheUnitedStates.Whichofthefollowingbestsummarizestheauthor'sevaluationofBailyn'sfourthproposition？[A]Itistotallyimplausible.[B]Itispartiallyacceptable.[C]Itishighlyadmirable.[D]Itiscontroversialthoughpersuasive.Accordingtothetext,BailynandtheauthoragreeonwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutthecultureofcolonialNewEngland？[A]HighcultureinNewEnglandneverequaledthehighcultureofEngland.[B]TheculturalachievementsofcolonialNewEnglandhavegenerallybeenunrecognizedbyhistorians.[C]ThecolonistsimitatedthehighcultureofEngland，anddidnotdevelopaculturethatwasuniquelytheirown.[D]ThesoutherncoloniesweregreatlyinfluencedbythehighcultureofNewEngland.TheauthorofthetextwouldbemostlikelytoagreewithwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutBailyn'swork？[A]BailynunderestimatestheeffectsofPuritanthoughtonNorthAmericanculture.[B]BailynoveremphasizestheeconomicdependenceofthecoloniesonGreatBritain.[C]Bailyn'sdescriptionofthecoloniesaspartofanAnglo-Americanempireismisleadingandincorrect.[D]BailynfailedtotesthispropositionsonaspecificgroupofmigrantstocolonialNorthAmerica.答案：DDBAA7、Childrenaregettingsofattheymaybethefirstgenerationtodiebeforetheirparents,anexpertclaimedyesterday.Today’syoungstersarealreadyfallingpreytopotentialkillerssuchasdiabetes(糖尿病)becauseoftheirweight.Fattyfast-fooddietscombinedwithsedentary(長(zhǎng)坐的)lifestylesdominatedbytelevisionsandcomputerscouldmeankidswilldietragicallyyoung,saysProfessorAndrewPrentice,fromtheLondonSchoolofHygieneandTropicalMedicine.Atthesametime,theshapeofthehumanbodyisgoingthroughahugeevolutionaryshiftbecauseadultsaregettingsofat.HereinBritain,latestresearchshowsthattheaveragewaistsizeforamanis36-38in,andmaybe42-44,by2032.Thiscompareswithonly32.6in.in1972.Women’swaistshavegrownfromanaverageof22in.in1920to24in.intheFiftiesand30in.now.Oneofthemajorreasonswhychildrennowareatgreaterriskisthatwearegettingfatteryounger.IntheUKalone,morethanonemillionunder-16sareclassedasoverweightorobese(過度肥胖的)—doublethenumberinthemidEighties.Oneintenfour-year-oldsarealsomedicallyclassifiedasobese.Theobesity(肥胖癥)pandemic（流行病）—anextensiveepidemic—whichstartedintheUS,hasnowspreadtoEurope,Australasia,CentralAmericaandtheMiddleEast.Manynationsnowrecordmorethan20percentoftheirpopulationasclinicallyobeseandwelloverhalfthepopulationasoverweight.Prof.Prenticesaidthechangeinourshapehasbeencausedbyanoversupplyofeasilyavailablehigh-energyfoodscombinedwithadramaticdropintheenergyweuseasaresultoftechnologydevelopments.Heisnotaloneinhisconcern.Onlylastweekonemedicaljournalrevealedhowobesitywasfuellingariseincancercases.Obesityalsoincreasestheriskfactorforstrokesandheartdiseaseaswellasdiabetes.Anaveragelyobeseperson’slifespanisshortenedbyaroundnineyearswhileaseverelyobesepersonbymanymore.Prof.Prenticesaid:”Sowillparentsoutlivetheirchildren,asclaimedrecentlybyanAmericanobesityspecialist?Theanswerisyesandno.Yes,whentheoffspringbecomegrosslyobese.ThisisnowbecominganalarminglycommonoccurrenceintheUS.Suchchildrenandadolescentshaveagreatlyreducedqualityoflifeintermsofboththeirphysicalandpsychosocialhealth.”Sosay”No”tothatdoughnutandburger.1.Prof.AndrewPrenticesaidthatthelifeofanextremelyfatchild________A.mightbeshorterB.mightbelongerC.shorterthanhisfather,butlongerthanhismotherD.mightbelongerthanhisfather,butshorterthanhismother2.Theword“prey”(Line3,Para.1)means________A.victimB.vitaminC.foodD.fool3.Whichofthefollowingfailstorefertoanobesechild?A.Anextremelyweightychild.B.Anextremelyfatchild.C.Anextremelyfattychild.D.Anoverweightchild.4.Accordingtothepassage,obesityisanextensiveepidemicstartingin__________A.AsiaB.NorthAmericaC.EuropeD.CentralAmerica5.WhichofthefollowingdiseaseisNOTmentionedinthepassage?A.pneumoniaB.diabetesC.heartdiseaseD.stroke答案：AAABA8、Flatfish,suchastheflounder,areamongthefewvertebratesthatlackapproximatebilateralsymmetry(symmetryinwhichstructurestotheleftandrightofthebody’smidlinearemirrorimages).Moststrikingamongthemanyasymmetriesevidentinanadultflatfishiseyeplacement:beforematurityoneeyemigrates,sothatinanadultflatfishbotheyesareonthesamesideofthehead.Whileinmostspecieswithasymmetriesvirtuallyalladultssharethesameasymmetry,membersofthestarryflounderspeciescanbeeither