Unit 4 Breaking Boundaries Using language 課件高中英語外研版（2019）選擇性必修第二冊(cè)

Unit4BreakingboundariesWatchthevideoandlearnaboutthesubjectItinEnglish.It,asapronoun,canbearealsubjectwithanexplicitantecedent.Butsometimes,ithelpschangethepositionofthesubjectforemphasis.itExamples:It'srainingoutside.Itisimportanttobrushyourteethfromtimetotime.Itfeelsstrangeseeingyouforthefirsttimeintenyears.Lookatthesentencesfromtheinterviewandanswerthequestions.Whatdoes“it”refertoinsentences(a)and(c)?“It”refersto“nottotakeanychances”insentence(a).“It”refersto“torememberthatEboladoesn’trespectnationalboundaries”insentence(c).Whatisthedifferencebetweenthesentencesineachgroup?Whydoestheauthorchoosetousesentences(a)and(c)insteadof(b)and(d)?Thefirstsentencesineachgroupuse“it”asanemptysubjectatthebeginningofthesentences.Itasanemptysubject—it作形式主語當(dāng)主語部分相對(duì)于謂語部分而言太長(zhǎng)時(shí)，常把主語部分移到句尾，在主語的位置放上it。it沒有具體的意義,僅用于使句子顯得平穩(wěn)，不頭重腳輕。it作形式主語時(shí)常代替三種語法結(jié)構(gòu)：不定式(短語)、v-ing(短語)和從句。

1.it代替不定式(短語)作形式主語it代替不定式(短語)作形式主語的常見句型:It+be+形容詞+(for/ofsb.)todosthIt+be+名詞+todosth.Ittakessb.sometimetodosth.It'suptosb.todosth.

ItisdifficultforaforeignertolearnChinese. 外國(guó)人學(xué)習(xí)漢語不容易。(It作形式主語，代替不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)foraforeignertoleamnChinese.)Itiseveryone'sdutytoobeythelaw. 遵守法律是每個(gè)人的義務(wù)(It作形式主語，代替不定式短語toobeythelaw)辨析："It+be+形容詞+forsb.todosth."與'It+be+形容詞+ofsb.todosth."如果形容詞描述的是人的品質(zhì)、品格,介詞用of;如果形容詞描述不定式所表示動(dòng)作的特征,介詞用for。It'simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.學(xué)好英語對(duì)我們來說很重要。It‘skindofyoutohelpme.感謝你幫助我。2.it代替v-ing(短語)作形式主語it代替v-ing(短語)作形式主語的情況遠(yuǎn)不及it代替不定式（短語）作形式主語那么普遍。常見句型：It+be+no

good/no

use/useless/awaste/+v-ing(短語)。Itisnogood/usehavingacarifyoucan'tdrive.如果你不會(huì)開車,有車也沒用。(It作形式主語,代替v-ing短語havingacar)ItisawasteoftimewatchingTV.看電視是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。(It作形式主語,代替v-ing短語watchingTV)3.it代替從句作形式主語it所替代的從句可以用that引導(dǎo)，也可以用whether/if、連接代詞或連接副詞引導(dǎo)。Itwasclearthattheyhadnodesireforpeace.顯然他們并不想要和平。(It作形式主語,代替從句thattheyhadnodesireforpeace)Itisdoubtfulwhethershewillbeabletocome.她能否來還很難說。(It作形式主語,代替從句whethershewillbeabletocome)4.it作形式主語的常見句型(1)

Itisapity/ashame/afact/anhonour/goodnews/nowonder/a

wonder/...that...。Itisapitythattheengineercan'tcome.可惜工程師不能來。Itisawonderthathecontinuestogamblewhenhealwaysloses!令人驚訝的是他一直輸還一直賭。(Itis)Nowonder(that)youarelate.難怪你來晚了4.it作形式主語的常見句型(2)

Itis+形容詞(strange

/natural/surprising

/obvious

/true

/fortunate

/wonderful

/funny/possible/impossible/likely/unlikely/clear/unusual/certain/important/...)+that...Itiscertainthathewillwin.他一定會(huì)取勝。Itisimportantthatweshouldlearnfromeachotherandhelpeachother.互相學(xué)習(xí)和互相幫助很重要。Itislikelythathewillringmetonight.他今晚可能給我打電話。4.it作形式主語的常見句型(3)Ithappened/turnedout/suddenlystruckme/occurredtome/.../that...IthappenedthatIwasn’ttherethatday.恰好那天我不在那里。ItsuddenlyoccurredtomethatIknewhowtosolvethatproblem.我忽然想起我知道怎樣解決那個(gè)問題。4.it作形式主語的常見句型(4)It+be+過去分詞(said

/reported

/announced

/decided/expected

/hoped

/known

/believed...)

+

that...Itissaidthatnothinghasbeendoneaboutit.據(jù)說至今對(duì)此沒采取任何措施。Itisknownthatheisoneofthebestteachersinourschool.大家都知道他是我們學(xué)校最好的教師之一。4.it作形式主語的常見句型(5)Itdoesn'tmatter+that/what/where/whether/...Itdoesn'tmatterwhetherhecomesornot.他來還是不來都沒關(guān)系。Itdoesn'tmatterwhereyouarefrom.你來自哪里都沒關(guān)系。Vocabulary1.

belikelyto表示"有可能……"的句型還有:Itispossible(forsb.)todosth.Itispossiblethat...lItisprobablethat...練習(xí)：Ifyouarenoteatingproperly,it___________________________(你可能會(huì)感到更多壓力).islikelythatyouwillfeelmorepressureVocabulary2.

rathernot...butrather.不是……,而是…ratherthan而不是wouldrather寧愿rathertoo相當(dāng)wouldratherdo...thando..寧愿做……也不愿做……練習(xí)：Insuchacoldday,

I________________________________(寧愿待在家里也不想出去).wouldratherstayathomethangooutVocabulary3.rewardingreward

n.

回報(bào)，獎(jiǎng)賞;賞金v.酬謝，報(bào)答，獎(jiǎng)賞inrewardfor...

作為對(duì)……的回報(bào)rewardsb.for(doing)sth.

因…而獎(jiǎng)賞/報(bào)答某人練習(xí)：Whenaskedforhisviewsabouthisteachingjob,Philipsaidhefounditvery_______________________(有趣又有益).interestingandrewardingRewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.itisnolongerquitesodifficultforwomenandminoritiestogetrolesinAmericanfilmandtelevision.itisnowamorerealistichopeforminorityactorstobecomealeadingactorinHollywood.Rewritetheunderlinedpartsusingitasanemptysubject.itismorecommonthanbeforeforwomentowriteanddirectHollywoodfilms.itisseenasacceptablebyfilmstudiostocastwhiteactorsasAsiancharacters.Describethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Beijing?notasurprisingthing/studentsseedifferentskin

coloursinthesameclass?possible/peoplehearmanydifferentlanguagesand

dialects?easy/peoplefindproductsfromallovertheworld?notdifficult/foreignerssettledownandfindajob?acommonthing/peoplefromdifferentcountrieswork

inthesamecompanyDescribethecityusingtheinformationprovidedanditasanemptysubject.Itisnotasurprisingthingforstudentstoseedifferentskincolorsinthesameclass.Itispossibleforpeopletohearmanydifferentlanguagesanddialects.Itiseasyforpeopletofindproductsfromallovertheworld.Itisnotdifficultforforeignerstosettledownandfindajob.Itisacommonthingforpeoplefromdifferentcountriestoworkinthesamecompany.Describeoneofthecitiesusingitasanemptysubjectwhereappropriate.Doonlineresearchifnecessary.?Toronto?Shanghai?London?Sydney ...Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.Nowadays,peopleallovertheworldarebecomingmoreandmoreconnected,asiftheworldweregettingsmaller—asifwewerelivingina“globalvillage”.Technologyislargelyresponsibleforbringingpeopletogether.Channelsofcommunication,suchasthemobilephoneandtheInternet,havemadeitpossibletospeakinstantlywithsomeoneontheothersideoftheplanet,enablingustoformcloseconnectionswithpeopleofcompletelydifferentcultures.Thetelevision,meanwhile,isawindowontheworld,givingusquickandeasyaccesstootherculturesandlifestyles.Culturalexchangehelpsustobemoreinclusiveandtoovercomecultureshock.Butinclusivenessdoesn’tmeanthatourcultureswillmergeintooneanother.Rather,it’saboutcountriesandpeoplemakingajointefforttocometogethertocreateamoreharmoniousandunderstandingworld,sothatwecanallenjoythemutualbenefits.Readthepassageandanswerthequestions.Payattentiontotheexpressionsinbold.Itdescribesthephenomenonofthe“globalvillage”asrelatedtothepromotionoftechnologicaland

culturalexchange.1Whatphenomenondoesthepassagedescribe?2Whateffectdoestechnologyhaveonculturalexchange?Technologyenablesustoformcloseconnections

withpeopleofcompletelydifferentculturesandgives

usquickandeasy

accesstootherculturesand

lifestyles.CompletetheletterwiththecorrectformoftheexpressionsinActivity5.DearEditor,YourarticleaboutlivinginaglobalvillagereallystruckachordwithmebecauseI’vejustreturnedfromateachingprojectinCambodiaandThailand.Ihadbeenworriedaboutthe1______________,butfortunatelytheothervolunteersandlocalteacherswerereallywelcoming.Wewereableto2_____________________________eachotheraswellasourstudents.Throughout,wemade3_______________tomakeourclassesasuccess,sothatwecouldallenjoythe4______________ofworkingwelltogether.Itwasrewardingtoseehowourworkhelped5_____________________fromdifferentcultures.BeforeIwent,TVandtheInternetweremy6______________________,butbeingthereinpersonwasevenbetter.Ithinktheexperiencehastaughtmeto7_____________________andIcan’twaittodoitalloveragain.PaulcultureshockformcloseconnectionswithajointeffortmutualbenefitsbringpeopletogetherwindowontheworldbemoreinclusiveDoActivity7.Listentotheconversationandchoosethemainidea.MoreandmoreforeignwordsandexpressionsareenteringtheEnglishlanguage,especiallythoseaboutfood.ChinesefoodispopularintheUK,andmanyChinesewordsand

expressionsareenteringEnglishdictionariesasaresult.Interculturalcommunicationisincreasing,andpeopleallovertheworldhaveabetterunderstandingofeachother.Worldsportsarebringingpeopletogetherinthesamewaythatfoodis.Activity8Listenagainandcompletethetable.regionalwordsaremakingitwontonthefoodwenowfindinshopsandrestaurants/thefoodwebuyandeatallkindsoffoodalotofotherrestaurants/alotofchoicesItalian,FrenchandJapaneserestaurantsusechopsticksconnectingpeoplepeopleinBritaineatingChinesefoodpizzawhilewatchingthesamegameActivity9Completetheboxeswiththeexpressionsfromtheconversation.Really?That'sinteresting.Isitreally?Itisreallyamazing...Ialsofinditinterestingtosee...Nowonderitisn'tasurprisetosee...Itisnotunusualtofind...Activity10Workinpairs.Talkaboutanotherphenomenonoftheglobalvillageusingtheexpressionsinthissection.Nowthinkaboutanydifficultiesyouencounteredduringyourdiscussionandwhatyoudidtoovercomethem.Nowadays,peopleallovertheworldarebecomingmoreandmoreconnected,asiftheworldweregettingsmaller—asifwewerelivingina"globalvilage”.asif引導(dǎo)從句的用法as

if

意為"似乎,好像",可以引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句和表語從句。其意義和用法與as

though的相同。

asif

引導(dǎo)從句的用法(1)

引導(dǎo)方式狀語從句。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他張開嘴似乎要說什么。(2)

引導(dǎo)表語從句,常置于系動(dòng)詞look，seem,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listentothethunder!

Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.聽雷聲!似乎要下雨了。(3)

as

if/though引|導(dǎo)的方式狀語從句有時(shí)可用省略形式:asif/though+形容詞/不定式/v-ing/v-ed/介詞短語/名詞。Shestoodatthedoorasif

(shewas)

waitingforsomeone.她站在門口,好像在等誰似的。(4)

as

if/though引導(dǎo)的從句的語氣：①如果從句所表示的情況有明顯的依據(jù)或?qū)崿F(xiàn)的可能性較大,那么從句就用陳述語氣;②如果從句所表示的情況沒有依據(jù),只是一種假設(shè)、愿望、推測(cè)等,那么從句常用虛擬語氣。具體虛擬情況:虛擬情況從句謂語形式例句虛擬現(xiàn)在did(be動(dòng)詞一般用were)Hetalksasif/thoughhekneweverythingaboutit.他說起話來就好像對(duì)此事了如指掌。虛擬過去haddoneHewentonworkingasif/thoughnothinghadhappened.他繼續(xù)工作,仿佛什么都沒有發(fā)生。虛擬將來would/might/coulddoItseemsasif/thoughthemeetingwouldneverend.會(huì)議似乎永遠(yuǎn)也開不完。Rather,it'saboutcountriesandpeoplemakingajointefforttocometogethertocreateamoreharmoniousandunderstandingworld,sothatwecanallenjoythemutualbenefits.sothat引導(dǎo)狀語從句的用法(1)

so

that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,意為"以便,為了",這時(shí)從句中常有may，might,can，could，would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Weshouldhaveaheart-to-hearttalkwithourparentssothatwecanunderstandeach

otherbetter.我們應(yīng)該與父母傾心交談,以便我們更好地了解彼此。(2)

sothat引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句,意為"因此,所以",主、從句可用逗號(hào)隔開。Hewasverylovelysothatwelikehimverymuch.他非?？蓯?因此我們都非常喜歡他。

(1)

so...that..表示"如此……以至于……",so后面通常接形容詞或副詞,that引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句。ThisstoryissointerestingthatIwanttoreaditagain.這個(gè)故事非常有趣,我想再讀一遍。HewalkedsoquicklythatIcouldn'tcatchupwithhim.他走得太快了,我跟不上他。(2)

inorderthat(為了,以便)也可以引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句,有時(shí)可與sothat互換,so

that不用于句首,而inorderthat可以用于句首。Inorderthatwecanfinishthetaskontime,wewill