5國際音標發(fā)音教學（共81張）

英語語音

By外語系講師—曾艷/show/oJIwaQ-_deCCGC-6Qkfe5w...html

英國女王伊麗莎白二世登基60周年演講？？？Askandanswer:為什么要學習語音音標？1.發(fā)音準確，說地道的英語對于處于青少年時期的學生來說，語言上有很強的模仿能力，學習音標能幫助他們準確發(fā)音，快速提高自身聽、讀英語的能力。學習好48個國際音標，為日后的學習打下堅實的基礎。英語在生活中說的機會比中文少得多，很多中小學生說英語像香港人說普通話一樣，聽他們說的英語需要伸長脖子、不斷重復。學會了音標，發(fā)音地道了、純正了，聽力也隨之提高，中考、高考、四六級、專四專八的應試能力大大加強了。

2.拼讀法記憶單詞很多同學老是花很多時間記單詞，但又很快忘記了。原因就是靠死記硬背字母，這種死板的記憶方法是不科學的。英語的發(fā)音內在有其極為強大的規(guī)律，會了國際音標是完全可以用來背單詞。記憶單詞的時候，發(fā)音的規(guī)律自然產(chǎn)生作用，使得同學只要知道讀音就基本可以拼寫出單詞，甚至可以自己檢驗單詞拼寫有否錯誤。很大程度上，能節(jié)省記單詞的時間和不少痛苦。

3.提高自主學習性，增加詞匯量在學生在沒有學習音標之前，都是很依賴老師。老師讀一個單詞，同學跟著讀一個，很多同學怕自己忘了就用中文或者奇怪的符號標注，但過后發(fā)現(xiàn)又不知怎樣發(fā)音了。條件好點的學生會借助于電子詞典等的學習工具。但是學會了音標可以輕松解決這些問題，更使學生的學習更主動有效。即使老師沒有教你讀音，自己也可以根據(jù)音標拼讀出來。英語世界數(shù)十萬單詞，不可能每個都依賴老師，遇到不懂的單詞可以通過拼讀輕松把它記下來。

4.整體語感提高掌握音標之后，學校的課文可以很流暢地朗讀。語感也隨著這樣的日常訓練逐步提高，對學生應對語法選擇、完形填空和閱讀理解等題目有一種無形的助力。

音素和國際音標

1．什么是音素：音素是語音的最小單位。2．音素的分類：元音和輔音。3．音素的個數(shù)：共48個，元音音素20個，輔音音素28個。4．什么是音標：記錄音素的符號叫做音標。5．什么是國際音標：國際音標是由國際語音協(xié)會規(guī)定的一套音標，用來記錄世界各主要語言的語音。7.開音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音+e:name,bike,home,due,

plane,shineb)輔音+元音:he,go,hi,do,be,tree,three,hello8.閉音節(jié)：a)輔音+元音+輔音:bad,bed,sit,hot,cup,let,mad,mapb)元音+輔音:it,is,of,in,on,up,out,ant9.重讀音節(jié)：單詞中發(fā)音特別響亮的音節(jié)。元音和輔音的定義：發(fā)音時聲帶振動，呼出的氣流通過口腔時不受阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為元音。不論聲帶振動與否，發(fā)音時呼出的氣流通過口腔或鼻腔時受到一定的阻礙，這樣形成的語音稱為輔音。發(fā)音時聲帶不振動的輔音稱為清輔音。發(fā)音聲帶振動的輔音稱為濁輔音。元

音12個單元音長元音[a:][?:][i:][?:][u:]短元音[Λ][?][i][?][u][?][e]8個雙元音[ai]

[ei][?i][i?][e?][u?][au][?u]輔

音10對清輔音[p][t][k][f][s][∫][t∫][tr][θ][ts]濁輔音[b]

[d][g][v][z][3][d3][dr][e][dz]3個鼻音[m][n][η]3個似拼音[h][r][l]2個半元音[w][j]什么是國際音標？由于英語的拼寫形式和讀音有很大的分歧,所以無法完全根據(jù)字母來讀音。為了精確地學習和掌握語音,就要借助一種注音手段來彌補這一缺陷,于是便產(chǎn)生了一定數(shù)量的精確記錄語音的符號，叫做“音符”(Phoneticsymbols)。國際音標（舊稱萬國音符）是國際語音學協(xié)會（IPA---InternationalPhoneticAssociation)于1888年擬定的一套為各國語言注音的語音符號。我們這里所說的國際音標是專門為英語注音的那一部分標音符號。目前我國通用的國際音標共有48個,其中,元音音標20個，輔音音標28個。

英語元音

(Englishvowels)

英語元音音素共20個。分單元音和雙元音兩大類。a.前元音：/i:/,/i/,/e/,/?/b.后元音：/ɑ:/,/?/,/?:/,/u/,/u:/

c.中元音：/Λ/./?:/,/?/a.

合口雙元音：/ei/,/?u/,/ai/,/au/,/?

i/b.集中雙元音：/i?/,/e?/,/u?/單元音的分類雙元音的分類a.爆破音/p/,/b/,/t／,/d/,/k/,/ɡ/b.摩擦音/f//v/，/θ//e/，/s//z/,/∫

//?/，/h//r/c.破擦音/t∫/，/d?

/，

/tr//dr/，/ts//dz/d.鼻音/m/,/n/,/?/e.旁流音（舌側音）/l/f.半元音/w/,/j/

英語輔音

(Englishconsonants)(共28個）Theimportanceof

learningEnglishphonetics

(1).Goodpronunciationandintonationisneededforbettercommunication.(2).Goodpronunciationandintonationisthebasisofgoodlisteningandspeakingabilities.(3).Goodpronunciationandintonationhassomeindirectinfluenceonthestudents’writingandreadingabilities.(4).Goodpronunciationandintonationcanhelpthestudentsdevelopgoodsenseoflanguage.Contents&structurePartonePronunciation

ChapterⅠFrontvowelsChapterⅡBackvowelsChapterⅢCentralvowelsChapterⅣDiphthongsChapterⅤDiphthongsChapterⅥStopconsonantsChapterⅦFrictionconsonantsChapterⅧFrictionconsonantsChapterⅨFrictionconsonantsChapterⅩAffricateconsonantsChapterⅪNasalconsonantsChapterⅫLateralconsonants

ParttwoIntonation

ChapterXIIIFallingtuneChapterXIVRisingtuneChapterXVFalling-RisingtuneChapterXVIRising-FallingtunePracticeofpronunciationandintonationOrgansofspeech.

1.上唇Upperlip2.下唇Lowerlip3.上齒Upperteeth4.下齒Lowerteeth5.上齒齦Upperteethridge6.硬腭Hardpalate7.軟腭Softpalate8.小舌theuvula

9.舌端Thetipofthetongue10.舌前Thefrontofthetongue11.舌后Thebackofthetongue12.喉頭throat13.聲帶thevocalcords14.器官organs15.咽頭thepharynx16.口腔themouthcavity17.鼻腔

thenasalcavity前元音P9/i:/feelheatleap/?/badlandDadmaphat/i/fillhitlip/e/bedlenddeadmethead前元音練習beebilldeepdigbag

testGivemeabeefsteak,peas,andbeer,please.Catchthatmadblackcat．Betterlatethannever.Bettertodowellthantosaywell.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.

Comparisonof/i:/&/?/

Minimalpairs/i://i//i://i/Sheep羊Ship船Peach桃子Pitch音高Heat加熱Hit打、敲Sleep睡Slip滑倒Leave離開Live生活Feel感覺Fill裝滿Heal治愈Hill小山Seek尋找Sick有病Comparisonof/e/&/?/

Minimalpairs/e//?//e//?/Men男人（復數(shù)）Man男人（單數(shù)）Beg求Bag包Ten十Tan棕褐色Said說Sad悲傷Beck召喚Back背Less較少Lass少女Set安置Sat坐Guess猜Gas煤氣

Gamesandactivities

Dialogues.

---Fishormeat?---Letmesee,fishformeplease.---Coffeeortea?---Coffee,Please.---Isthereanymeat?---Thereisonlytinned/canned(AE)meat.

---Isitreadytoeat?---Well,youhavetoheatitbeforeyoueatit.Practicethevowelsound:/?/throughreadingthisfunnystoryTheSack

Onedayamanwentofftothemarkettobuyrice.Unfortunately,helostthesackontheway.Hewenthomeandtoldhiswife,“Themarketistoobusytoday,andbesidesIlostmysack.”Hiswifeaskednervously,“So,whataboutthemoney?”“Oh,noproblem.It’ssafe.Ihavetiedittothebottomofthesack.”TongueTwisterWith/i?,?,e,?/Shesellsseashellsontheseashore,Andtheshellsshesellsareseashells,I’msure,’causeifshesellsshellsattheseashore,Theshellsshesellsareseashells,forsure.Tonguetwister“sheep”SillySallyswiftlyshooedsevensillysheep.ThesevensillysheepSillySallyshooedShilly-shalliedsouth.Thesesheepshouldn'tsleepinashack;Sheepshouldsleepinashed.Dialogue“Howisyourleg?”---Hi,howisyourleg?---It’sgettingbetter,thanks.---Well,I’mgladtohearthat.---I’mgladyoucame.Thanks.---I’mverybusy,butIwillbebackagainnextSaturday.第二次課:后元音+中元音

后元音/?:/

allfallHall/u:/goosefoodLoose

/ɑ:/calm/?/bossfoxhot/u/goodfootLookComparisonBetween

/ɑ:/&/?/and/?:/&/?//ɑ://?//?://?/dark黑dock碼頭cork軟木cock公雞guard看守god神short短shot射擊sharp鋒利shop商店chalk粉筆chock墊塊heart心臟hot熱cord粗淺cod鱈魚ComparisonBetween/u:/&/?/

/u://?//u://?/Luke盧克

(男子名)look看cooed鴿子叫聲could能fool傻瓜full充滿who’d=whowouldhood頭巾pool水池pull拉stool凳子stood站wooed求婚wood木頭shoot射擊should應該

GamesandActivitiesAlargearmymarchedpastthefarmyard．It’shardtoseeanystarsinthedarksky．Theclockisstopped,it’snotlong．Losttimeisneverfoundagain．Whosaidthesoupwastoocool?Asarule,theskiesareblueinJune．Helookslikeagoodcook．ItookmybookandlookedatitaslongasIcould．PracticeTicktherightwordyouheard:Didyoubuya(cart,cat)?Helikesher(form,farm).The(clerk,clock)isslow.It’sagoodcoat,butIdon’tlikethe(colour,collar).Shewantedtofinda(potter,porter).Themanwas(shot,short).PairworkA:Hey,don’twalkonthelawn.B:Sorry,I’mlookingformywallet.A:Youlostyourwallet?Anythingimportantinit?B:Yes.Alotofmoney.Almostfourthousanddollars.A:That’stoobad.Betterreporttothepoliceofficerwalkingthere.Readthefollowingshortpoempayingattentiontothesoundsbetween/u:/and/?/:AtnoonItookabook.Andsatbythepoolinthewood.Andputmyfootinthepool.Oh,howcool!中午我拿著一本書，坐在林中的水池邊。我把腳放在水池中，噢，好涼爽！Learntosing:

EdelweissEdelweiss,edelweiss,Everymorningyougreetme.Smallandwhite,Cleanandbright.Youlookhappytomeetme.Blossomofsnow,Mayyoubloomandgrow,Bloomandgrowforever.Edelweiss,edelweiss,Blessmyhomelandforever.TheBoyWhoCriedWolf

Ashepherdboywaslookingafterhissheeponthemountain.Hewasboredsoheshouted,“Help!Wolf!”Thenhewatchedallthepeoplerunupthemountainfromthetown.Helaughed.“Where’sthewolf?Where’sthewolf?”thepeopleasked.“Itranaway!”theboysaid.Nextdayhewasboredsoheshouted,“Help!Wolf!”Thenhewatchedallthepeoplerunupthemountainfromthetown.“Where’sthewolf?Where’sthewolf?”thepeopleasked.“Itranaway!”theboysaid.Onthethirddayawolfcamesheshouted“Help!Wolf!”Thepeopleinthetownheardhimbuttheysaid,“It’snottrue.He’sbored.Hewantstoseeusrunupthemountain.”Sothewolfatethesheepandtheboy.中元音

/Λ//?://?/earthsearchbirdchurchanotherordermethoddoctorMyyoungerbrotherisadoctor．Givemesomebutterandsugar．Wewillhaveaget-togetheraftersupper．雙元音/ei//e/agelatepainfailedgeletpenfell雙元音/ai//?i/bikemineheightboycoinnoisevoice雙元音/?

u//au/coalposeloanbowl

doubtfoundnoun合口雙元音ClosingDiphthongs:/??//a?/

Warming-upexercise

/a:/:mark parthard basketpartoftheparkpasstheglass

/?/:fullcouldtook sugar goodbooks woolensocks /

/:aboutannoyaliveagreebreadandbutteratthecounter

/??//??/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:

o,oa,ow

go toe show growroad stoveboat coatsoul coldnote hope Pairwork

socoldgohomeagoldbowlanoldovercoat cokeinthestove gotothegrocerystore

SentencesIt’ssocold.Pleaseclosethewindow.Don’tgohomealone.Littlestrokesfellgreatoaks./a?/

/a?/isusuallyreadinthefollowinglettersorlettergroups:ou,owbow allow foundmouse loud ploughcow

out now

browfowl housePairwork

downtown

outoftown aloudsound abrownhouse cowsandfowlsthousandsofflowers

SentencesOpenyourmouthandpronouncethesoundloudly.Thecrowdgatheredaroundthehouseandshoutedslogans.Hefoundouthowthefieldswereploughed.Dialogues

A:I’mgoingtothepost-office.AnythingIcandoforyou,Rose?B:Tothepost-office?Canyougetmesomepost-cards?A:Ok.Howmanypost-cardsdoyouwant?B:Ten,please.Bytheway,I’mgoingtothegrocerystore.CanIgetyousomething?A:Yes.Couldyougetmesomepotatoesandtomatoes?B:That’seasy.I’dbettergonow.Thegroceryclosesat5.ReadforFun

Iknowthefilmisonshow.

ThenameisRosesontheRoad.Myfellows,willyougo?Somesay“Yes”,somesay“No”.PoemCow,cow,Proudandbrown,Comedowntobemilked,Forthehungrytown.Song:SeasonsintheSunSingaSong

Youaremysunshine,my

onlysunshine,Youmakemehappywhenskiesaregray.You’llneverknow,dear,howmuchIloveyou.Pleasedon’ttakemysunshineaway.Theothernight,dear,asIlaysleeping,IdreamedIheldyouinmyarms.WhenIawoke,dear,Iwasmistaken.AndIhungmyheadandcried.Youtoldmeoncedear,ThatyoureallylovemeAndnooneelsecouldcomebetween,Butnowyouhaveleftme,Andyouloveanother,Youhaveshatteredallmydreams.爆破輔音/p/pea/t/tear/k/class/b/bee/d/dear/g/glassGood,better,best，循序漸進Neverletitrest，永不停止Untilgoodisbetter,好上加好Andbetterbest，精益求精摩擦輔音/f//v/fastfewleafproofsafesurfvast

viewleaveprovesaveserveHeworkshardasifheneverknew

fatigue.Itisverydifficultforustofinishitbeforefive.TonguetwistersFancyNancydidnotfancydoingfancywork.ButfancyNancy'sfancyauntiedidfancyNancydoingfancywork.Afleaandaflyflewupinaflue.

Saidtheflea,"Letusfly!"

Saidthefly,"Letusflee!"

Sotheyflewthroughaflawintheflue.Jumbledsentences

IfBettylaughs,heisn’tfree.IfPhillipslaughs,hegetsfrightened.IfGrandfatherflies,shelooksbeautiful.Ifyouwanttoeatfish,you’rethefirst.Ifyouneedinformation,itgetsfulloffat.Ifyoufryfood,they’rehelpful.Ifamanhasawife,helooksfunny.Ifyoufinishbeforetheothers,youneedaknife.摩擦輔音/s//z/busicelooseraceusedbuzzeyesloseraiseused摩擦輔音/θ//e/thankthemethickbathbreathcloththanthesethisbathebreatheclothe舌位圖/θ/&/e//θ/Somethingisbetterthannothing.Thoseclothesaren’tworthanything.Atheaterisaplacewhereplaysorothersshowsareperformedonastage./e/Hisfatherandmotherwentthroughthickandt