新高考英語二輪復(fù)習大題突破+限時集訓專題03 閱讀理解說明文（原卷版）

專題03閱讀理解說明文說明文閱讀理解一般作為全國卷閱談理解中的CD篇，主要分為兩種類型：實驗研究和介紹說明型。說明文是對事物的形狀，性質(zhì)，特征，成果或公用等進行介紹，解釋或闡述的文章，把我所說明事物的特征和本質(zhì)是理解說明文的關(guān)鍵，說明事物特征的方法很多，主要有定義法，解釋法，比較法，比喻法，數(shù)字法，圖標法，引用法和距離法等。說明文的特點是客觀、簡潔、準確、清晰，文章很少表達作者的情感傾向。閱讀說明文的重點在于讀懂它說明的事物或事理，了解事物的性質(zhì)、結(jié)構(gòu)、形成原因、功能；了解事物的意義和特征等。Teenagersaroundtheworldarefamiliarwiththegreatpainofboredom.Andeveryparentisfamiliarwiththesoundsofgroaning(咕噥的)kids,sulking(生悶氣)intheirroomorpacingaimlesslyaroundthehouse.Butsometimes,it’sthisverysenseofboredomthatcaninspirecreativityandcreatefast-growingtrends.Thisistrueforpickleball(匹克球),nowapopularsportintheWest.AccordingtotheMentalFlosswebsite,thesportwasinventedinthesummerof1965.Atthattime,FrankPritchard,13,hadnothingtodoinhisfamily’ssummerhomeinWashington,US.Aftercomplainingloudly,hisfather,Joel,suggestedhemakeupagame.WhenFrankreplied“Whydon’tyou?”hisfathergladlytookupthechallenge.Thus,pickleballwasborn.Certainpartsoftennis,badmintonandping-pongcanbeseenfrompickleball.It’sabatgameplayedonabadminton-sizedcourtwithwhatlookslikeawiffleball(威浮球)overalownet.Onlytheservingteamcanscorepoints,andallservesmustbemadewithanunderhandstroke(擊球).Thepopularityofpickleballhasgrownsteadilyoverthelastdecade.AccordingtoMentalFloss,thenumberofpickleballcourtshasgrownbyanestimated385percentworldwidesince2010.Onereasonforitspopularityisthatit’s“asportforeveryone”.Anyonecanplaypickleballbecauseit’srelativelyeasytopickup.Therearesimplerules,andallpeopleneedisacoupleofbatsandaball,whichisaffordableandaccessibletoall.Plus,pickleballisasportcenteredaroundfunandfriendship.Thegamelastsasshortas15minutes,whichmeanslessrunningandstressforplayers.Pritchardsaidthatthegame’srapidriseinpopularitywasamazing,especiallyconsideringthatabad-temperedkid“inspiredasportscrazebymakingastink(吵鬧)aboutbeingboredoneafternoon56yearsago”.1．Whatdoweknowaboutpickleball,accordingtothepassage?A．Itwasinventedaccidentallybyayoungboy.B．Itisagamesuitableforfamilygatherings.C．Itcombineselementsfromseveralballgames.D．Thegame’sjudgescomefromaservingteam.2．WhatdoesParagraph4mainlytalkabout?A．Whypickleballhasbecomesowellreceived.B．Whatequipmentpickleballplayersneed.C．Howsignificantpickleballistotheworld.D．Whatrulesmustbeobeyedinpickleball.3．WhatdidPritchardthinkofthepopularityofpickleball?A．Unexpected. B．Reasonable. C．Natural. D．Awkward.4．Whydoestheauthorwritethepassage?A．Toadviseustojoininsportsgames.B．Toteachushowtoplaypickleball.C．Totellusthebirthofasportsgame.D．Tomotivateustofollownewtrends.說明文閱讀理解主要考查以下題型：一、主旨大意題主旨大意題主要考查學生對所讀材料或所讀材料片斷）中心思想的概括，做這類題時，考生應(yīng)通讀全文，把握文章大意或中心思想，同時注意文章的主題句，因為主題句表達中心思想，其他句子均圍繞主題句進行展開。主題句通常位于文章第一段首句，第一段末句或全文末句等地方，但位于段落中間（通常是第一段或最后一段的中間）也是完全可能的，主旨大意題的考查形式很多，如概括標題、主題、段意、中心思想等。二、事實細節(jié)題顧名思義，事實細節(jié)題即對文章的某個事實或細節(jié)而設(shè)置的試題，事實細節(jié)題的命題方法很多，如可能是對某個細節(jié)用同義結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換后進行考查，也可能是將文章中的幾個細節(jié)放在一起要求考生判斷是非（選出正確的一項或選出錯誤的一項）或?qū)讉€細節(jié)進行排序等。解答這類試題時，一個常用的方法就是運用定位法，即根據(jù)題干或選項中的線索詞從原文中找到相關(guān)的句子，與選項進行比校從而確定答案（此時要特別注意一些常見的同義裝換或簡單換算）。三、代詞指代題這類題要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文推測代詞的指代意義，它主要考查考生在一定語境中對上下文邏輯關(guān)系的正確理解。做這類題時，考生不僅要讀懂相關(guān)句子的句意，理順相關(guān)句子的邏輯關(guān)系，而且還要學會合理變通，尤其要學會變通理解其中的同義表達。四、詞義猜測題即要求考生根據(jù)一定的上下文猜測生詞的詞義，它是高考英語閱讀理解中的一個難點，同學們應(yīng)引起充分重視。猜測生詞詞義的方法很多，常用的有同義解釋法、因果推斷法、前后對比法，基本構(gòu)詞法，語境理解法，舉例說明法，常識背景法、類屬分析法等。（一）、Intheendlesssky,theunaidedhumaneyeshouldbeabletoperceiveseveralthousandstarsonaclear,darknight.Unfortunately,growinglightpollutionhasdisabledpeoplefromthenightlyview.Newcitizen-science-basedresearchthrowsalarminglightontheproblemof“skyglow”—thediffuseillumination(漫射照明)ofthenightskythatisaformoflightpollution.Thedatacamefromcrowd-sourcedobservationscollectedfromaroundtheworldaspartofGlobeatNight,aprogramdevelopedbyastronomerConnieWalker.Lightpollutionhasharmfuleffectsonthepracticeofastronomybutalsoonhumanhealthandwildlife,sinceitdisturbsthecyclefromsunlighttostarlightthatbiologicalsystemshaveevolvedalongside.Furthermore,thelossofvisiblestarsisagreatlossofhumanculturalheritage.Untilrelativelyrecently,humansthroughouthistoryhadanimpressiveviewofthestarrynightsky,andtheeffectofthisnightlyspectacle(壯觀)isevidentinancientcultures.GlobeatNighthasbeengatheringdataonstarvisibilitysince2006.AnyonecansubmitobservationsthroughtheGlobeatNightwebapplication.Participantsrecordwhichonebestmatcheswhattheycanseeintheskywithoutanytelescopesorotherinstruments.Researchersfindthatthelossofvisiblestarsindicatesanincreaseinskybrightnessof9.6%peryearwhileroughly2%ismeasuredbysatellites.Existingsatellitesarenotwellsuitedtomeasuringskyglowasitappearstohumans,becausetheycannotdetectwavelengthsshorterthan500nanometers(納米).WhiteLEDs,withshorterwavelengthsunder500nanometers,nowareincreasinglycommonlyusedinoutdoorlighting.Buthumaneyesaremoresensitivetotheseshorterwavelengthsatnighttime.Space-basedinstrumentsdonotmeasurelightfromwindows,either.Butthesesourcesaresignificantcontributorstoskyglowusseenfromtheground.“Theincreaseinskyglowoverthepastdecadeunderlinestheimportanceofredoublingoureffortsanddevelopingnewstrategiestoprotectdarkskies,”saidWalker.“TheGlobeatNightdatasetisnecessaryinourongoingevaluationofchangesinskyglow,andweencouragewhoevercantogetinvolvedtohelpprotectthestarrynightsky.”1．WhatisapurposeofGlobeatNight?A．Todevelopnewlightsources. B．Tocollectdataonstarvisibility.C．Tohelpastronomersexplorespace. D．Topopularizescienceamongcitizens.2．Whatdoesthelossofvisiblestarsleadto?A．Poorerhumanhealth. B．Fewerwildlifespecies.C．Moredelicatebiologicalsystems. D．Lessnightlycultureelementsofthesky.3．Whatdoestheauthorstressinparagraph5?A．Satellitesplayavitalrole. B．WhiteLEDsarewidelyused.C．Crowd-sourceddataareinvaluable. D．Shorterwavelengthsarehardtodetect.4．WhatcanbeinferredfromWalker’swords?A．Theirconsistenteffortspayoff. B．Thedatasetneedstobeupdated.C．Moreparticipantsareexpectedtojoinin. D．Theskyglowhasbeenover—emphasized.（二）、There’vebeenplentyofTokyo2020headlinesaboutHendZaza,theSyriantabletennisgeniuswho,at12yearsold,isoneoftheyoungestOlympiansofalltime.Buttherearesomestrikingpersonalstoriesontheothersideoftheagespectrum(年齡譜),too.OksanaChusovitina,a46-year-oldgymnastfromUzbekistan,impressivelycompetedinhereighthOlympicGamesthissummer.Chusovitina,whocompetedinasportdominatedbyteenageathletes,receivedastandingovation(鼓掌歡呼)afterperforminginwhatshesaidwouldbeherlastOlympics.“Ifeelverygoodtobehere.ButthiswillforsurebemylastOlympics,shetoldreporters.“I’m46yearsold.Nothingisgoingtochangethat.I’malive,I’mhappy,I’mherewithoutanyinjuries,andIcanstandonmyown,”sheaddedwithalaugh.Thenthere’sAustralianequestrian(馬術(shù)師)MaryHanna,whoatage66isthesecond-oldestfemaleathleteinOlympichistoryandtheoldestOlympiancompetinginTokyo.“Throughtheirefforts,HannaandChusovitinaarechangingtheconversationaroundageandagility.They’reproofthatyoucancompeteorputyourselfuptoaphysicalchallengewaypastwhatisconsideredyourpeak,”saidMichaelStones,aprofessoratLakeheadUniversityinOntario,Canada,whoresearcheshealthyagingandphysicalperformance.“It’sgreatthatthisyear’sOlympicsincludesomanyyoungerandolderathletes,”hetoldHuffPost.“Theyshowthatagealoneisnotaninsurmountable(不可克服的)barriertoexcellenceinphysicalactivities.”TheseOlympiansalsolendthegamessomeexperienceandmaturity,especiallyinteamsports,saidSandraHunter,aprofessorofexercisescienceatMarquetteUniversityinMilwaukee,Wisconsin.“Theseolderathletescanhelpguidetheyoungerones,particularlywithallthementalandpsychologicalchallengesthatwe’veseen,”shesaid.“Theybringalevelofmaturitytotheteamsandsurroundingathletesthatallowstheyoungerathletestolearn.”“Ifyoulimityourchoicesonlytowhatseemspossibleorreasonable,youdisconnectyourselffromwhatyoutrulywant,andallthatisleftiscompromise.”ThequotefromAmericanwriterRobertFritzishighlyconsistentwiththeOlympicspiritaswellasenlighteningusonourwaytosuccess.5．WhoisOksanaChusovitina?A．A12-year-oldtabletennisplayer.B．A46-year-oldgymnastfromSyria.C．A66-year-oldAustralianequestrian.D．Aneight-timeOlympianfromUzbekistan.6．Thefirstparagraphisintendedto________.A．leadinthetopicofthepassageB．stresstheimportanceofbeingageniusC．tellthedifferencebetweenyoungerandolderathletesD．introducearesearchonperformancesofyoungerathletes7．What’sprofessorMichaelStones’sattitudetothoseyoungerandolderOlympians?A．Doubtful. B．Uncaring.C．Supportive. D．Indifferent.8．Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A．Olympicathletesshouldtrytheirbesttobeuninjured.B．Olympicathletesprovesuccessisnotrelatedtoage.C．Olympiansshowthatagealoneisnotaninsurmountablebarrier.D．Olderathletesarechangingtheconversationaroundageandagility.一、（2023·廣東廣州·統(tǒng)考二模）Thisparagraphisnotordinary.Lookatit.Atfirst,itwon’tlooktooodd.Justanormalparagraph—youmaythink.Butlookatitagainandyoumightfinditabitunusual.Canyouspotit?Isanything...missing?Whatyou’vejustreadisalipogram-atextwithoutaparticularletter.Itisthehardestkindasitdoesn’tcontaintheletterE-themostcommonletterintheEnglishlanguage.Trywritingoneyourselfandyou’llimaginethetaskfacedbytheFrenchwriterGeorgesPerec,whenafriendchallengedhimtowriteawholenovelwithoutusingE-aletterwhichisevenmorecommoninFrench.Perecwasafrighteninglycleverwriter,aloverofwordgamesandpuzzlesandalsoamasteroftheChineseboardgameGo.AswellaswritingcrosswordpuzzlesforParismagazines,hehadalreadywrittena5,000-wordpalindrome,atextthatreadsthesameforwardsandbackwards,likethewell-known“Aman,aplan,acanal-Panama.”Buthisfriendsthoughtthistaskwouldbebeyondhim.Perectookupthechallenge.Hewasunabletousemorethan70%oftheFrenchwords,includingthosemostcommonlyused.Surprisingly,hediscoveredthis“impossible”ruleunlockedhisimagination.Helaterclaimedhewrotethisnovelfasterthananyofhisotherbooks.Hewasforcedtothinkandfightforeverysentence.Hehadnochoicebuttobeoriginal.TheresultwasLaDisparition,adetectivestoryaboutthemysteriousdisappearanceofacharacternamedA．Vowl.TheonlyEswerethefourinhisnameonthecover.Despitethedozensofcluesaboutthefantasticallydifficultrule,manyoriginalreviewersfailedtospotwhatwasstaringtheminthefaces—themissingletter.Embarrassingforthecritics,buthilariousforthewriterandhisfriends.Fortunately,thegamePerecwasplayingdidnotdestroythebookitself.Everysentenceseemstwistedslightlyoutofshape,andtheresultingstyleisunique.1．Whydoesthewriterstartwithalipogram?A．ToprovePerec’sworkishard.B．TointroducePerec’stoughtask.C．Todemonstratewhatalipogramis.D．Tochallengereaderstowriteone.2．WhichofthefollowingisNOTapalindrome?A．Madam. B．Nursesran.C．NoXinNixon. D．Nolemons,nomelon.3．WhatdidPerecthinkofthechallengehetookup?A．Itforcedhimtowritefaster. B．Itenrichedhiswritingstyles.C．Nowriterbuthecouldmakeit. D．Itfreedhiscreativityinwriting.4．Whatdoestheunderlineword“hilarious”meaninparagraph5?A．Confusing. B．Surprising. C．Verylucky. D．Extremelyfunny.二、（2023·河北·校聯(lián)考模擬預(yù)測）Aroboticgameofcatandmouseplayingoutinalabprovidesasightatfuturepossibilitiesofrobotscarryingoutsearch-and-rescuemissionswithoutmuchhumanguidance.TheTianjicatrobotdevelopedbyresearchersatTsinghuaUniversityinChinausesabrain-inspiredcomputingchipcalledTianjicX.Theso-calledneuromorphicchip(神經(jīng)形態(tài)芯片)canrunmultipleartificialintelligencetechniquesatthesametimeinanenergy-efficientmanner.Itisoneexampleofexperimentswithneuromorphicsystemsthatcouldallowsmallrobotstomakedecisionsusinglimitedcomputingresourcesandpower.TheresearcherschallengedtheTianjicatrobottochase(追逐)anotherrobotthatwassettomoverandomlyinaroomfilledwithobstacles.ThisrequiredTianjicattotrackthemouserobotbyusingbothvisualrecognitionandsounddetection,andtofigureoutthebestpathtochasedownitspretendprey(假想獵物)withoutknockingonanything.TheteamsaysthattheTianjicXchipreducedtheamountofpowerrequiredfortherobotcattomakedecisionsduringthechasebyabout.halfcomparedwithanNVIDIAchipdesignedforAIcomputing.Performingacat-and-mousechasewouldbeastepupindifficultyformostcommercializedrobots,whichusuallyfollowverypredictableroutinesinwarehousesorfactories.Manyrobotsthatinteractwithmorecomplexandunpredictableenvironmentsrelyonremotecontrolbyhumanoperators,orelsemustmaintainwirelessconnectionswithdistantdatacentresthathavethecomputingpowernecessaryformoreintensivedecision-making.Neuromorphicsystemshaven’tyetbeencommercializedinabigway,buttheirrelativelylowsize,weightandpowerrequirementscouldprovidepracticaladvantagesorroboticdeployment(部署).TheTianjicatrobotisworldwideacknowledged.“Forrobotics,thisisveryimportantbecauseitallowsthesystemtooperateforlongerdurationsinhard-to-reachenvironmentswithgreaterautonomy,”saysJeffreyKrichmarattheUniversityofCalifornia,Irvine.5．Whatdotheresearcherswanttherobottodobytestingit?A．Dorescue-work.B．Assistinresearch.C．Helpgetridofrats.D．Savepower.6．Whatdoesparagraph3mainlytellus?A．Whytherobotchasesanotherrobot.B．Whattherobot’spretendpreyislike.C．Howresearcherstesttherobot.D．Howmuchpowertherobotusesinanaction.7．WhatmakesaTianJicatrobothaveadvantagesoverothers?A．Itssmallsize.B．Itsmouse-likeshape.C．Itsbusinessvalue.D．Itsdatecenter.8．What’sJeffreyKrichmar’sattitudetowardstheinventionoftheTianjicatrobot?A．Negative.B．Doubtful.C．Unconcerned.D．Favorable.三、（2023·湖南株洲·統(tǒng)考一模）SittingatthetopofamountainonLaGomeraIslad,Antonioissuedaninvitationtothreevisitinghikersinthedistance—“Comeoverhere”.We’regoingtotreatyoutolunch“-withoutspeakingword:Hewhistled(吹口哨)it.Antonio,71,saidinhisyouth,whennativesratherthantouristswalkedtherockyfootpathsofhisisland,hisnewswouldhavebeengreetedrightawaybyarespondingwhistle,loudandclear.Buthismessagewaslostonthesehikers,andtheycontinuedtheirjourney.AntonioisaproudguardianofLaGomera’swhistlinglanguage,whichhecalledthepoetryofmyisland.”Headded.Likepoetry,whistlingdoesnotneedtobeusefulinordertobespecialandbeautiful.“Thelanguage,officiallyknownasSilboGomero,replaceswrittenletterswithwhistledsoundsthatvarybypitch(高音)andlength.Unfortunately,therearefewerwhistlesthanSpanishletters,soasoundcanhavemultiplemeanings,causingmisunderstandings.Withitsdistinctgeography,it’seasytoseewhywhistlingcameintoexistenceonLaGomera.Onmostoftheisland,deepvalleysrunfromhighpeaksdowntotheocean,andplentyoftimeandeffortarerequiredtotravelevenashortdistanceoverland.Whistlingdevelopedasagoodalternativewaytodeliveramessage,withitssoundcarryingfartherthanshouting--asmuchastwomilesacrosssomevalleyswithfavorablewindconditions.In2009,theisland’slanguagewasaddedbyUNESCOtoitslistoftheIntangibleCulturalHeritageofHumanity.Butwithwhistlingnolongeressentialforcommunication,SilboGomero’ssurvivalmostlyreliesona1999lawthathasmadeteachingitanecessarypartofLaGomerasschoolcourses.ErinGerhards,alocalgirlkeentoimproveherwhistling,said,“Whistlingisawaytohonorthepeoplethatlivedhereinthepastandtorememberwedidn’tstartwithtechnologybutsimplebeginnings.”9．HowdidthehikersreacttoAntonio’sinvitation?A．Theyignoredit. B．Theywavedtheirhands,C．Theywhistledback. D．Theystoppedsuddenly.10．WhyisLaGomera’swhistlinglanguagelikelytobemisinterpreted?A．Becauseitisaformofpoetry. B．Becausethesamesoundcarriesdifferentmeanings.C．Becauseitisn’tusefulinlife. D．Becauseitssoundsincludevariouspitchesandlengths.11．WhatisParagraph3mainlyabout?A．ThetouristattractionsofLaGomera.B．ThegeographicfeaturesofLaGomera.C．Thereasonforwhistling’suseonLaGomera.D．Thecomparisonbetweenwhistlingandshouting.12．WhatcanbeinferredfromParagraph4?A．Erinfiguresouthowislanderslivedbefore.B．SilboGomeroistaughtinLaGomera’sschools.C．TechnologyoutweighstraditionsonLaGomera.D．SilboGomeroisimportantindailyconversations.四、（2023·江蘇南京·校聯(lián)考一模）Youremotionhelpsyoumakesenseoftheworld.Atthecoreofanemotionisasubjectiveexperienceofthevalenceofit—whatemotionscientistscall“affect”(情感).Generallyspeaking,affectiswhatwearemostfocusedon.Doyouhavechocolatecakeinfrontofyou?That’sgood!Doyouseeaspideronthetable!That’sbad!Youraffectivereactionstellyouwhichexperiencesaredesirable,andwhicharen’t,butthetotalemotionalexperienceincludesallyoudoandthink.Youcanlearnalotbyobservinganddescribingthem.Youcanalsolearnalotbyappreciatingtheirsecretlife.Theproblemis:theaffectivefeaturesofemotionstendtodominate.Oursubjectivevalenceofemotionisalmostallwecansee.Whenemotionsareonlyaboutwhatispleasantorunpleasantinsubjectiveexperiencerightnow,themoreimportantfeaturesofemotiondisappear.Ifyoucanslowdownandexpand;ifyoustoprunningorclinging(沉浸其中)andadoptasenseofcuriosity,emotionsbecomemoresubtleanddifferent.Whenfearcomesup,don’twalkawaysothatfeardissipates.Instead,stay.Allowyourselftofeelthenervousness,thesweating,andeverythingelsethatcomesalongwithit.Itisoneofthehardestthingstodoinlife,butit’salsooneofthemostrewarding.Ifyourun,youaretellingbasicpartsofyourbrain,“Iguessthisthreatreallywasreal.Ibetterstayawayfromit.”Youaretrainingyourselftofear,regardlessofthatsituation.Ifyoucling,youaresaying,“Escapefromthisemotionisathreat”,andsinceitisnotahappyexperience,happinessslipsthroughyourhandslikesand.Notethatyoucannotfoolyourself.Justallowthefullemotion.Youwillneverenterintotheirsecretlifeuntilyoustoprunningorclinging.Tocontrolyourlife,youneedtoactivelytrainyouremotionstobeyourally(同盟).Observe.Describe.Appreciate.Dothatandyoumayfindyouhavealliesforhealthylivingthatwerethereallalong.13．Whydoestheauthormention“chocolatecake”and“spider”inparagraph1?A．Toexplainthecomplexresponseofemotions.B．Toshowthesubjectiveexperienceofemotions.C．Toindicatethegoodnessandbadnessoftheworld.D．Toemphasizethesignificanceofemotionsinlife.14．Whatistheconsequenceifyoujustfocusonyourpresentfeelings?A．Thepresentfeelingsarelessobvious.B．Thesubjectiveemotionsarelesspowerful.C．Theoverallpictureofemotionsiseasiertoignore.D．Theobservationanddescriptionofemotionsareeasier.15．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“dissipates”inParagraph4probablyreferto?A．Deepens. B．Spreads. C．Disappears. D．Sticks.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Thesecretofemotions. B．Thesubjectiveexperience.C．Theimportanceofalliesinlife. D．Magicalfunctionsofemotions.五、（2023·重慶·統(tǒng)考模擬預(yù)測）LastApril,ElonMusk,theworld’srichestman,attemptedatakeoverofTwitter,for$44billion,whichquicklyturnedintopubliccontroversyandcourtbattles.Butthemostinterestingpartofthestoryisthemorefundamentalquestion:WhywouldMuskwanttobuyTwitterinthefirstplace?IfyoulookatthesizeofTwitter,itsappealisn’tobvious.Thecompanymakesarelativelysmallprofiteachyear,andintermsofthenumberofusers,Twitterhasaround436millionuserseverymonth,whichisstillalongwaybehindthelikesofFacebook(nearthreebillion),Instagram(twobillion),andTikTok(onebillion).SowhydoesMuskwanttospendaconsiderableamountofmoneyonTwitter?TheanswermightbewhatmakesTwittersointeresting:itcarriesenormousculturalpowerandhasanunmatchedabilitytoshiftthecourseofnewsandculture.Twitter’sculturalpoweriseasytosee.Clickonanyrandomnewsarticle,andthere’sagoodchancethatsomewhereinthetext,it’squotingwhatsomeonesaidonTwitter.Whatmakestheplatformimportantisessentiallyitsclients.Twitteristheplacewherethemostpowerfulandinfluentialpeopleliketohangout.BecauseTwitterismostlybasedonshort,text-basedposts,itisperfectforconveyinginformation,anargument,orajoke,atenormousspeed,makingitextremelyusefulforthelikesofpoliticians,journalists,executivesandcelebrities.WhatTwitterisreallygoodatisactingasaglobalwatercooler-apersistentbackchannelforgossip(流言蜚語),jokesandinformalconnections.It’saplacewherenewideasemerge,orargumentshappen,andbecausethepeopledoingthegossipingareimportant,influentialtypes,whathappensonTwittercanactuallyaffecttherestoftheworld.IthinkthisexplainswhyElonMuskmightwanttopaybigmoneyforit.IfyouownTwitter,yousuddenlyhaveasayintheworld’smostimportantwatercoolerconversation.17．WhatcanweknowaboutTwitter?A．ElonMusk’spurchaseofitwentsmoothly.B．Ithassignificantpowertoshapeculture.C．WhatpeoplesayonTwittercomesfromrandomarticles.D．Itsinfluencecan’tcomparewiththoseofitscompetitors.18．WhatmakesTwittervaluableforitsusers?A．Thevolumeofinformation. B．Thepotentialclientsitattracts.C．Theprofititgenerates. D．Theefficiencyofspreadingideas.19．Accordingtotheauthor,whymightElonMuskwanttobuyTwitter?A．Topromotenewideas. B．Toimproveitsproducts.C．Tohaveagreatervoice. D．Tocontrolpowerfulpeople.20．Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhyIsTwittersoValuable?B．WhoAreTwitter’sTargetUsers?C．WhatDidElonMuskDotoTwitter?D．HowDoesTwitterDominatetheWorld?一、（2022·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Asweage,evenifwe’rehealthy,theheartjustisn’tasefficientinprocessingoxygenasitusedtobe.Inmostpeoplethefirstsignsshowupintheir50sorearly60s.Andamongpeoplewhodon’texercise,thechangescanstartevensooner.“Thinkofarubberband.Inthebeginning,itisflexible,butputitinadrawerfor20yearsanditwillbecomedryandeasilybroken,”saysDr.BenLevine,aheartspecialistattheUniversityofTexas.That’swhathappenstotheheart.Fortunatelyforthoseinmidlife,Levineisfindingthatevenifyouhaven’tbeenanenthusiasticexerciser,gettinginshapenowmayhelpimproveyouragingheart.Levineandhisresearchteamselectedvolunteersagedbetween45and64whodidnotexercisemuchbutwereotherwisehealthy.Participantswererandomlydividedintotwogroups.Thefirstgroupparticipatedinaprogramofnonaerobic(無氧)exercise—balancetrainingandweighttraining—threetimesaweek.Thesecondgroupdidhigh-intensityaerobicexerciseundertheguidanceofatrainerforfourormoredaysaweek.Aftertwoyears,thesecondgroupsawremarkableimprovementsinhearthealth.“Wetookthese50-year-oldheartsandturnedtheclockbackto30-or35-year-oldhearts,”saysLevine.“Andthereasontheygotsomuchstrongerandfitterwasthattheirheartscouldnowfillalotbetterandpump(泵送)alotmorebloodduringexercise.”Buttheheartsofthosewhoparticipatedinlessintenseexercisedidn’tchange,hesays.“Thesweetspotinlifetostartexercising,ifyouhaven’talready,isinlatemiddleagewhentheheartstillhasflexibility,”Levinesays.“Weputhealthy70-year-oldsthroughayearlongexercisetrainingprogram,andnothinghappenedtothematall.”Dr.NiecaGoldberg,aspokeswomanfortheAmericanHeartAssociation,saysLevine’sfindingsareagreatstart.Butthestudywassmallandneedstoberepeatedwithfarlargergroupsofpeopletodetermineexactlywhichaspectsofanexerciseroutinemakethebiggestdifference.1．WhatdoesLevinewanttoexplainbymentioningtherubberband?A．Therightwayofexercising. B．Thecausesofaheartattack.C．Thedifficultyofkeepingfit. D．Theagingprocessoftheheart.2．Inwhichaspectwerethetwogroupsdifferentintermsofresearchdesign?A．Dietplan. B．Professionalbackground.C．Exercisetype. D．Previousphysicalcondition.3．WhatdoesLevine’sresearchfind?A．Middle-agedheartsgetyoungerwithaerobicexercise.B．High-intensityexerciseismoresuitablefortheyoung.C．Itisnevertoolateforpeopletostarttakingexercise.D．Themoreexercisewedo,thestrongerourheartsget.4．WhatdoesDr.NiecaGoldbergsuggest?A．Makinguseofthefindings. B．Interviewingthestudyparticipants.C．Conductingfurtherresearch. D．Clarifyingthepurposeofthestudy.二、（2022·全國·統(tǒng)考高考真題）Overthelastsevenyears,moststateshavebannedtextingbydrivers,andpublicservicecampaignshavetriedawiderangeofmethodstopersuadepeopletoputdowntheirphoneswhentheyarebehindthewheel.Yettheproblem,byjustaboutanymeasure,appearstobegettingworse.Americansarestilltextingwhiledriving,aswellasusingsocialnetworksandtakingphotos.Roadaccidents,whichhadfallenforyears,arenowrisingsharply.Thatispartlybecausepeoplearedrivingmore,butMarkRosekind,thechiefoftheNationalHighwayTrafficSafetyAdministration,saiddistracted（分心）drivingwas"onlyincreasing,unfortunately.""Bigchangerequiresbigideas."hesaidinaspeechlastmonth,referringbroadlytotheneedtoimproveroadsafety.Sototrytochangeadistinctlymodernbehavior,lawmakersandpublichealthexpertsarereachingbacktoanoldapproach:Theywanttotreatdistracteddrivinglikedrunkdriving.AnideafromlawmakersinNewYorkistogivepoliceofficersanewdevicecalledtheTextalyzer.Itwouldworklikethis:Anofficerarrivingatthesceneofacrashcouldaskforthephones