新高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講練測(cè)專題11：閱讀理解微技能之主旨大意（原題版）

?專題11閱讀理解微技能之主旨大意題考點(diǎn)精考點(diǎn)精講【思維導(dǎo)圖】【主旨大意題微技能】一、文章大意題每一篇文章都有其大意，獲取大意的方法是找主題句。主題句通常在文章的首段或尾段，但是有時(shí)候也出現(xiàn)在文章中間段落。閱讀的過程中應(yīng)該對(duì)每段的主題句給予特別的關(guān)注?！爸黝}句定位法”是解答主旨大意題的一種行之有效的方法。有些文章有明確的主題句，對(duì)于這類文章，尋找主題句多采用瀏覽法。瀏覽時(shí)，一般不用逐句細(xì)看，只要選讀文章的首段、尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重點(diǎn)搜索與主題相關(guān)的信息。主題句的位置一般有以下幾種：(1)主題句出現(xiàn)在文首。文章開門見山，給出了主題句，隨之用細(xì)節(jié)對(duì)其進(jìn)行解釋、支撐。(2)主題句出現(xiàn)在文末。文章先表述細(xì)節(jié)，之后在文末歸納概括出主題。(3)主題句首尾呼應(yīng)。為突出主題，作者先提出主題，結(jié)尾時(shí)再次升華主題。(4)主題句出現(xiàn)在文章的中間。文章首先提出問題，對(duì)問題進(jìn)行描述，討論之后在文章的中間部分給出主題句，而后又做進(jìn)一步的解釋?！镜淅饰觥縁orsomepeople,musicisnofunatall.Aboutfourpercentofthepopulationiswhatscientistscall“amusic.”Peoplewhoareamusicarebornwithouttheabilitytorecognizeorreproducemusicalnotes(音調(diào)).Amusicpeopleoftencannottellthedifferencebetweentwosongs.Amusicscanonlyhearthedifferencebetweentwonotesiftheyareveryfarapartonthemusicalscale. Asaresult,songssoundlikenoisetoanamusic.Manyamusicscomparethesoundofmusictopiecesofmetalhittingeachother.Lifecanbehardforamusics.Theirinabilitytoenjoymusicsetthemapartfromothers.Itcanbedifficultforotherpeopletoidentifywiththeircondition.Infact,mostpeoplecannotbegintograspwhatitfeelsliketobeamusic.Justgoingtoarestaurantorashoppingmallcanbeuncomfortableorevenpainful.Thatiswhymanyamusicsintentionallystayawayfromplaceswherethereismusic.However,thiscanresultinwithdrawalandsocialisolation.“Iusedtohateparties,”saysMargaret,aseventy-year-oldwomanwhoonlyrecentlydiscoveredthatshewasamusic.BystudyingpeoplelikeMargaret,scientistsarefinallylearninghowtoidentifythisunusualcondition. Scientistssaythatthebrainsofamusicsaredifferentfromthebrainsofpeoplewhocanappreciatemusic.Thedifferenceiscomplex,anditdoesn’tinvolvedefectivehearing.Amusicscanunderstandothernonmusicalsoundswell.Theyalsohavenoproblemsunderstandingordinaryspeech.Scientistscompareamusicstopeoplewhojustcan’tseecertaincolors. Manyamusicsarehappywhentheirconditionisfinallydiagnosed(診斷).Foryears,Margaretfeltembarrassedaboutherproblemwithmusic.Nowsheknowsthatsheisnotalone.Thereisanameforhercondition.Thatmakesiteasierforhertoexplain.“Whenpeopleinvitemetoaconcert,Ijustsay,“Nothanks,I’m‘a(chǎn)music,’”saysMargaret.“IjustwishIhadlearnedtosaythatwhenIwasseventeenandnotseventy.” Whatisthepassagemainlyconcernedwith?A.Amusics’strangebehaviours. B.Somepeople’sinabilitytoenjoymusic.C.Musicaltalentandbrainstructure. D.Identificationandtreatmentofamusics.二、標(biāo)題歸納題標(biāo)題歸納類題目應(yīng)該注意其醒目性、概括性和針對(duì)性。解題時(shí)抓住文章的首段和每一段的首尾句以及一些貫穿整篇文章始終的關(guān)鍵詞。干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)：以偏概全；.斷章取義；主題擴(kuò)大；張冠李戴；無中生有。【典例剖析】Muchinformationcanbeclearlyconveyed，purelythroughoureyes，sotheexpression“eyesalsotalk”isoftenheard.Canyourecallanyexperiencethatfurtherprovesthisstatement？Onabusyoumayquicklyglanceatastranger,butnotmakeeyecontact.Ifhesensesthatheisbeingstaredat,hemayfeeluncomfortable.Itisthesameindailylife.Ifyouarelookedatformorethannecessary,youwilllookatyourselfupanddowntoseeifthereisanythingwrongwithyou.Ifnothinggoeswrong,youwillfeelangryaboutother'sstareatyouthatway.Eyesdospeak,right?Lookingtoolongatsomeonemayseemtoberudeandaggressive.Butthingsaredifferentwhenitcomestostaringattheoppositesex.Ifamanlooksatawomanformorethan10secondsandrefusestoaverthisgaze,hisintentionsareobvious.Thatis,hewishestoattractherattention,tomakeherunderstandthatheisadmiringher.However,thenormaleyecontactfortwopeopleengagedinconversationisthatthespeakerwillonlylookatthelistenerfromtimetotime,inordertomakesurethatthelistenerdoespayattentiontowhattheformerisspeaking,totellhimthatheisattentive.Ifaspeakerlooksatyoucontinuouslywhenspeaking,asifhetriestodominateyou，youwillfeeldisconcerted.Apoorliarusuallyexposeshimselfbylookingtoolongatthevictim，sincehebelievesthefalseideathattolookstraightintheeyeisasignofhonestcommunication.Infact，continuouseyecontactisconfinedtoloversonly，whowillenjoylookingateachothertenderlyforalongtime,toshowaffectionthatwordscannotexpress.Evidently,eyecontactshouldbedoneaccordingtotherelationshipbetweentwopeopleandspecificsituation.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?A．EyesCanSpeak.B．EyeContactMatters.C．Don'tStareatOthers.D．UseYourEyeContact.三、段落大意題每個(gè)段落通常都有一個(gè)中心，段落主題句通常會(huì)出現(xiàn)在段落的首句或尾句，有時(shí)也會(huì)在中間。在閱讀中應(yīng)盡量利用有關(guān)信息確定主題句的位置。一般說來，采用歸納法寫的段落主題句出現(xiàn)在段尾；采用演繹法寫的段落主題句出現(xiàn)在段首；若文章按照“特殊→一般→特殊”的方式來寫，主題句可能出現(xiàn)在段落的中間。有時(shí)，文章中沒有出現(xiàn)主題句，要學(xué)會(huì)根據(jù)段落的內(nèi)容概括出主題句。主題句的把握：開門見山：提出主題——細(xì)節(jié)論述——闡明主題；段末點(diǎn)睛：細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納要點(diǎn)——概括主題；段中點(diǎn)旨：細(xì)節(jié)描述——?dú)w納主題——解釋說明?！镜淅饰觥縑iewingchildhooddevelopmentasascientificinvestigationthrowslightonhowchildrenlearn，butitalsooffersaninspiringlookatscienceandscientists.Whydoyoungchildrenandscientistsseemtobesomuchalike?Psychologistshavesuggestedthatscienceasaneffort—thedesiretoexplore,explain,andunderstandourworld—issimplysomethingthatcomesfromourbabyhood.Perhapsevolutionprovidedhumanbabieswithcuriosityandanaturaldrivetoexplaintheirworlds,andadultscientistssimplymakeuseofthesamedrivethatservedthemaschildren.Thesamecognitive(認(rèn)知的)systemsthatmakeyoungchildrenfeelgoodaboutfiguringsomethingoutmayhavebeenadoptedbyadultscientists.Assomepsychologistsputit,“Itisnotthatchildrenarelittlescientistsbutthatscientistsarebigchildren.”Whatisthemainideaofthelastparagraph?A．Theworldmaybemoreclearlyexplainedthroughchildren’splay.B．Studyingbabies’playmayleadtoabetterunderstandingofscience.C．Childrenmayhavegreaterabilitytofigureoutthingsthanscientists.D．One’sdriveforscientificresearchmaybecomestrongerashegrows.四、寫作意圖題一般來說，寫作意圖題也是主旨大意題的一種(也有人把它歸為推理判斷題)，寫作目的可以是段落的寫作目的，也可以是文章的寫作目的，對(duì)于文章寫作目的而言，主要有以下幾種：廣告 推銷某種產(chǎn)品或某種服務(wù)，或是通過影片、圖書、電視節(jié)目、旅游景點(diǎn)等的介紹以吸引更多的觀眾、讀者或游客等說明文 向人們展示某物的用途或制作過程議論文 論述一個(gè)道理或表達(dá)一個(gè)觀點(diǎn)記敘文 向人們分享經(jīng)歷、敘述一件事情或表達(dá)情感等【典例剖析】In1812，theyearCharlesDickenswasborn，therewere66novelspublishedinBritain.Peoplehadbeenwritingnovelsforacentury—mostexpertsdatethefirstnoveltoRobinsonCrusoein1719—butnobodywantedtodoitprofessionally.Thesteam-poweredprintingpresswasstillinitsearlystages;theliteracy(識(shí)字)rateinEnglandwasunder50%.Manyworksoffictionappearedwithoutthenamesoftheauthors，oftenwithsomethinglike“Byalady”.Novels，forthemostpart，werelookeduponassilly，immoralorjustplainbad.HowdidDickensgettothetop?Forallthefeelingsreadersattachtostories，literatureisanumbersgame，andthetestoftimeisextremelydifficulttopass.Some60，000novelswerepublishedduringtheVictorianage，from1837to1901;todayacasualreadermightbeabletonameahalf-dozenofthem.It’spartlytruethatDickens’styleofwritingattractedaudiencesfromallwalksoflife.It’spartlythathiswritingsrodeawaveofsocial，politicalandscientificprogress.Butit’salsothatherewrotethecultureofliteratureandputhimselfatthecenter.Noonewilleverknowwhatmixoftalent，ambition，energyandluckmadeDickenssuchadistinguishedwriter.Butasthe200thanniversaryofhisbirthapproaches，itispossible—andimportantforourownculture—tounderstandhowhemadehimselfalastingone.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.Torememberagreatwriter.B.TointroduceanEnglishnovel.C.Toencouragestudiesonculture.D.TopromotevaluesoftheVictorianage._____真題演練真題演練1.標(biāo)題歸納類【例】(2021·全國乙卷·C篇)You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheoceans—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled“Strawpocalypse，”apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168，000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource(來源)ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate(說明)aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled“TruckloadofPlastic，”VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10，000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped(傾倒)fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.31．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．Artists'OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB．MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC．ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD．OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures2.文章大意類【例】(2020·全國卷Ⅲ·C篇)Withtheyoungunabletoaffordtoleavehomeandtheoldatriskofisolation(孤獨(dú)),morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytopeaceandquiet,forNickBrightatleast,leadsstraighttohismother-in-law,shelivesonthegroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifeandtheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristol—oneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderthesameroof.Theyshareafrontdoorandawashingmachine,butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloor.“Wefloatedtheideatomymumofsharingahouse，”saysKathrynWhitehead.Ritacutsin:“WespokemorewithNickbecauseIthinkit'sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.”AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itallseemstoworkverywell.WouldIrecommendit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”It'shardtotellexactlyhowmanypeopleagreewithhim,butresearchindicatesthatthenumbershavebeenrisingforsometime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdswiththreegenerationslivingtogetherhadrisenfrom325，000in2001to419，000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.Somepeoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtothefamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itissaidthatabout20%of25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith16%in1991.ThetotalnumberofallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainisthoughttobeabout1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsoftheworldwheremultigenerationallivingismorefirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngwomenareexpectedtomoveinwiththeirhusband'sfamilywhentheygetmarried.31．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Lifestylesindifferentcountries. B．Conflictsbetweengenerations.C．AhousingprobleminBritain. D．ArisingtrendoflivingintheUK.3.段落大意類【例】(2020·全國卷Ⅲ·B篇)Thecreativeteambehind“Apes”usedmotion-capture(動(dòng)作捕捉)technologytocreatedigitalizedanimals,spendingtensofmillionsofdollarsontechnologythatrecordsanactor'sperformanceandlaterprocessesitwithcomputergraphicstocreateafinalimage(圖像).Inthiscase,oneofarealistic-lookingape.25．Whatdoesparagraph2mainlytalkabout?A．Thecostofmaking“Apes.”B．Thecreationofdigitalizedapes.C．Thepublicityabout“Apes.”D．Theperformanceofrealapes._____好題必好題必測(cè)2022年6月新高考I卷D篇AnalysesofalanguagedatabasealsoconfirmedthattherewasaglobalchangeinthesoundofworldlanguagesaftertheNeolithicage,withtheuseof“f”and“v”increasingremarkablyduringthelastfewthousandyears.Thesesoundsarestillnotfoundinthelanguagesofmanyhunter-gathererpeopletoday.34.Whatisparagraph5mainlyabout?A.Supportingevidencefortheresearchresults.B.Potentialapplicationoftheresearchfindings.C.Afurtherexplanationoftheresearchmethods.D.Areasonabledoubtabouttheresearchprocess.2021年6月新高考2卷C篇ABritishwomanwhowonaS1millionprizeaftershewasnamedtheWorld'sBestTeacherwillusethecashtobringinspirationalfiguresintoUKschools.AndriaZafirakou,anorthLondonsecondaryschoolteacher,saidshewantedtobringaboutaclassroomrevolution(變革).“Wearegoingtomakeachange,”shesaid.“I’vestartedaprojecttopromotetheteachingoftheartsinourschools.”Theprojectresultsfromthedifficultiesmanyschoolshaveingettingartistsofanysort-whetheranup-and-cominglocalmusicianoramajormoviestar-intoschoolstoworkwithandinspirechildren.ZafirakoubegantheprojectatAlpertonCommunitySchool,herplaceofworkforthepasttwelveyears.“I'veseenthosemagicmomentswhenchildrenaretalkingtosomeonetheyareinspiredby-theireyesareshiningandtheirfaceslightup,”shesaid.“Weneedartists.morethaneverinourschools."ArtistMichaelCraig-Martinsaid:“Andria'sbrilliantprojecttobringartistsfromallfieldsintodirectcontactwithchildrenisparticularlywelcomeatatimewhentheartsarebeingdowngradedinschools."Itwasamistaketoseetheartsasunnecessary,headded.HistorianSirSimonSchamaisalsoasupporteroftheproject.Hesaidthatartseducationinschoolswasnotjustanadd-on.“Itisabsolutelynecessary.Thefuturedependsoncreativityandcreativitydependsontheyoung.Whatwillremainofuswhenartificialintelligencetakesoverwillbeourcreativity,anditisourcreativespirit,ourvisionarysenseoffreshness,thathasbeenourstrengthforcenturies."11.Whichofthefollowingisasuitabletitleforthetext?A.BringArtiststoSchools B.WhenHistoriansMeetArtistsC.ArtsEducationinBritain D.TheWorld'sBestArtsTeacher2021年6月全國甲卷D篇Whoisagenius?Thisquestionhasgreatlyinterestedhumankindforcenturies.Let'sstateclearly:Einsteinwasagenius.Hisfaceisalmosttheinternationalsymbolforgenius.Butwewanttogobeyondonemanandexplorethenatureofgeniusitself.Whyisitthatsomepeoplearesomuchmoreintelligentorcreativethantherestofus?Andwhoarethey?Inthesciencesandarts,thosepraisedasgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.Perhapsthisisnotasurprise.It'ssaidthathistoryiswrittenbythevictors,andthosevictorssetthestandardsforadmissiontothegeniusclub.Whencontributionsweremadebygeniusesoutsidetheclub—women,orpeopleofadifferentcolororbelief—theywereunacknowledgedandrejectedbyothers.AstudyrecentlypublishedbySciencefoundthatasyoungasagesix,girlsarelesslikelythanboystosaythatmembersoftheirgender（性別）are"really,reallysmart."Evenworse,thestudyfoundthatgirlsactonthatbelief:Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare"really,reallysmart."Canourplanetaffordtohaveanygreatthinkersbecomediscouragedandgiveup?Itdoesn'ttakeageniustoknowtheanswer:absolutelynot.Here'sthegoodnews.Inawiredworldwithconstantglobalcommunication,we'reallpositionedtoseeflashesofgeniuswherevertheyappear.Andthemorewelook,themorewewillseethatsocialfactors（因素）likegender,race,andclassdonotdeterminetheappearanceofgenius.Asawritersays,futuregeniusescomefromthosewith“intelligence,creativity,perseverance（毅力）,andsimplegoodfortune,whoareabletochangetheworld."4.Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A.GeniusesThinkAlikeB.GeniusTakesManyFormsC.GeniusandIntelligenceD.GeniusandLuck2021年6月全國乙卷C篇You'veheardthatplasticispollutingtheocean—between4.8and12.7milliontonnesenteroceanecosystemseveryyear.Butdoesoneplasticstraworcupreallymakeadifference?ArtistBenjaminVonWongwantsyoutoknowthatitdoes.Hebuildsmassivesculpturesoutofplasticgarbage,forcingviewerstore-examinetheirrelationshiptosingle-useplasticproducts.Atthebeginningoftheyear,theartistbuiltapiececalled

"Strawpocalypse,"apairof10-foot-tallplasticwaves,frozenmid-crash.Madeof168,000plasticstrawscollectedfromseveralvolunteerbeachcleanups,thesculpturemadeitsfirstappearanceattheEstellaPlaceshoppingcenterinHoChiMinhCity,Vietnam.Just9%ofglobalplasticwasteisrecycled.Plasticstrawsarebynomeansthebiggestsource（來源）ofplasticpollution,butthey'verecentlycomeunderfirebecausemostpeopledon'tneedthemtodrinkwithand,becauseoftheirsmallsizeandweight,theycannotberecycled.Everystrawthat'spartofVonWong'sartworklikelycamefromadrinkthatsomeoneusedforonlyafewminutes.Oncethedrinkisgone,thestrawwilltakecenturiestodisappear.Inapiecefrom2018,VonWongwantedtoillustrate（說明）aspecificstatistic:Every60seconds,atruckload'sworthofplasticenterstheocean.Forthiswork,titled

"TruckloadofPlastic,"

VonWongandagroupofvolunteerscollectedmorethan10,000piecesofplastic,whichwerethentiedtogethertolooklikethey'dbeendumped（傾倒）fromatruckallatonce.VonWonghopesthathisworkwillalsohelppressurebigcompaniestoreducetheirplasticfootprint.4.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.Artists'

OpinionsonPlasticSafetyB.MediaInterestinContemporaryArtC.ResponsibilityDemandedofBigCompaniesD.OceanPlasticsTransformedintoSculptures2021年6月浙江卷B篇Weliveinatownwiththreebeaches.Therearetwoparkslessthan10minutes'walkfromhomewhereneighbourhoodchildrengathertoplay.However,whatmychildrenwanttodoafterschoolispickupascreen—anyscreen—andstareatitforhours.Theyarenotalone.Today'schildrenspendanaverageoffourandahalfhoursadaylookingatscreens,splitbetweenwatchingtelevisionandusingtheInternet.Inthepastfewyears,anincreasingnumberofpeopleandorganisationshavebeguncomingupwithplanstocounterthistrend.Acoupleofyearsago,film-makerDavidBondrealisedthathischildren,thenagedfiveandthree,wereattachedtoscreenstothepointwherehewasabletosay"chocolate"intohisthree-year-oldson'searwithoutgettingaresponse.Herealisedthatsomethingneededtochange,and,beingaLondonmediatype,appointedhimself"marketingdirectorforNature".Hedocumentedhisjourneyashesetabouttreatingnatureasabrandtobemarketedtoyoungpeople.Theresultwas

ProjectWildThing,afilmwhich

charts

thebirthoftheWildNetwork,agroupoforganisationswiththecommongoalofgettingchildrenoutintonature."Justfivemoreminutesoutdoorscanmakeadifference,"DavidBondsays."Thereisalotofreallyinterestingevidencewhichseemstobesuggestingthatifchildrenareinspireduptotheageofseven,thenbeingoutdoorswillbeahabitforlife."Hisownchildrenhavegotintothehabitofplayingoutsidenow:"Wejustsendthemoutintothegardenandtellthemnottocomebackinforawhile."Summerisuponus.Thereisanamazingworldoutthere,anditneedsourchildrenasmuchastheyneedit.Letusgetthemoutandletthemplay.4.Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A.LetChildrenHaveFunB.YoungChildrenNeedMoreFreeTimeC.MarketNaturetoChildrenD.DavidBond:ARoleModelforChildren2021年3月天津卷C篇AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren'sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis（催眠）canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imaging（醫(yī)學(xué)影像）procedures."Duringtheexaminationchildrendon'tmove.Itworksperfectly.It'samazing,"saidJohanneL'Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia（麻醉）.AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist—alsoahypnotist—wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren'shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.Hypnosisisnotastateofsleep:Itisratheramodified（改變的）stateofconsciousness.Thetechnologistwillguidethepatienttothismodifiedstate—animaginaryworldthatwilldisassociateitselfmoreandmorefromtheprocedurethatfollows."Thetechnologistmustbuildupastorywiththepatient,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Thepatientisleftwiththepowertochoosewhathewantstotalkabout.Doyouplaysports?Doyoulikegoingtothebeach?Weestablishasubjectthatwewilldiscussthroughouttheprocedure."Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustberelatedtothisstory—aninjection（注射）becomesthebiteofaninsect;theheatontheskinbecomesthesensationofthesunandamachinethatringsbecomesapolicecarpassingnearby."Theimportantthingisthatthetechnologistassociateswhatishappeningoutsidethepatient'sbodywithwhatthepatientseesinhishead,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid."Itrequirescreativityonthepartofthetechnologist,imagination,alotofpatienceandkindness."TheprocedureappealedtothestaffalotwhenitwasintroducedinJanuary."ItspreadlikewildfirethatsomeonefromFrancewasheretotrainthetechnologists,"Ms.L'Ecuyersaid.Sheaddedthatshehadalineofstaffatherdoorwantingtotakethetraining6.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A.Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.B.Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.C.Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.D.Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.2021年3月天津卷D篇Thereissomethingtobesaidforbeingageneralist,evenifyouareaspecialist.Knowingalittleaboutalotofthingsthatinterestyoucanaddtotherichnessofawhole,well-livedlife.Societypushesustospecialize,tobecomeexperts.Thisrequirescommitmenttoaparticularoccupation,branchofstudyorresearch.Thedrawbacktobeingspecialistsisweoftencometoknowmoreandmoreaboutlessandless.Thereisagreatdealofpressuretomasterone'sfield.Youmaypursuetraining,degrees,orincreasinglevelsofresponsibilityatwork.Thenyoudiscoverthepressureofhavingtokeepup.Somepeopleseemwillingtoworkaroundtheclockintheirnarrowspecialty.Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseoffreedom.Thesespecialistscouldworkattheofficeuntilteneachnight,thenlookbackandrealizetheywouldhavelovedtohavegonehomeandenjoyedthesweetnessoftheirfamilyandfriends,ortraveledtoexcitingplaces,meetinginterestingpeople.Masteringonethingtotheexclusion（排除）ofotherscanholdbackyourtruespirit.Generalists,ontheotherhand,knowalotaboutawiderangeofsubjectsandviewthewholewithallitsconnections.Theyarepeopleofability,talent,andenthusiasmwhocanbringtheirbroadperspective（視角）intospecificfieldsofexpertise（專長）.Thedoctorwhoisalsoapoetandphilosopherisasuperiordoctor,onewhocangivesomuchmoretohispatientsthanjustgoodmedicalskills.Thingsareconnected.Letyourexpertiseinonefieldfuelyourpassionsinallrelatedareas.Someofyourinterestsmaynotappeartobeconnectedbut,onceyouexploretheirdepths,youdiscoverthattheyare.MyeditorToni,whoisalsoawriter,haseditedseveralhistorybooks.ShehasdecidedtostudyChinesehistory.FascinatedbythestructuralbeautyoftheForbiddenCityasapainter,sheisequallyinterestedtolearnmoreaboutChinesephilosophy."Idon'tknowwhereitwilllead,butI'mexcitedI'monthispursuit."Theseexpansionsintonewworldshelpusbygivingusnewperspectives.Webegintoseetheinterconnectednessofonethingtoanotherinallaspectsofourlife,ofourselvesandtheuniverse.Developbroad,generalknowledgeandexperience.Theuniverseisallyourstoexploreandenjoy.5.Whatcouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A.BeMoreaGeneralistThanaSpecialistB.SpecialistorGeneralist:HardtoDecideC.TurnaGeneralistintoaSpecialistD.WaystoBecomeaGeneralist2021年1月浙江卷C篇Researcherssaytheyhavetranslatedthemeaningofgesturesthatwildchimpanzees（黑猩猩）usetocommunicate.Theysaywildchimpscommunicate19specificmessagestooneanotherwitha"vocabulary"of66gestures.ThescientistsdiscoveredthisbyfollowingandfilminggroupsofchimpsinUganda,andexaminingmorethan5,000incidentsofthesemeaningfulexchanges.DrCatherineHobaiter,wholedtheresearch,saidthatthiswastheonlyformofintentionalcommunicationtoberecordedintheanimalkingdom.Onlyhumansandchimps,shesaid,hadasystemofcommunicationwheretheydeliberatelysentamessagetoanothergroupmember."That'swhat'ssoamazingaboutchimpgestures,"shesaid."They'retheonlythingthatlookslikehumanlanguageinthatrespect."Althoughpreviousresearchhasshownthatapesandmonkeyscanunderstandcomplexinformationfromanotheranimal'scall,theanimalsdonotappeartousetheirvoicesintentionallytocommunicatemessages.Thiswasasignificantdifferencebetweencallsandgestures,DrHobaitersaid.Chimpswillchecktoseeiftheyhavetheattentionoftheanimalwithwhichtheywishtocommunicate.Inonecase,amotherpresentsherfoottohercryingbaby,signaling:"Climbonme."Theyoungsterimmediatelyjumpsontoitsmother'sbackandtheytravelofftogether."Thebigmessagefromthisstudyisthatthereisanotherspecies（物種）outtherethatismeaningfulinitscommunication,sothat'snotuniquetohumans,"saidDrHobaiter.DrSusanneShultz,anevolutionarybiologistfromtheUniversityofManchester,saidthestudywaspraiseworthyinseekingtoenrichourknowledgeoftheevolutionofhumanlanguage.But,sheadded,theresultswere"alittledisappointing"."Thevaguenessofthegesturemeaningssuggestseitherthatthechimpshavelittletocommunicate,orwearestillmissingalotoftheinformationco