2024-2025學(xué)年新教材高中英語(yǔ)課時(shí)作業(yè)8Unit2MoralsandVirtuesDiscoveringUsefulStructures習(xí)題含解析新人教版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit2MoralsandVirtuesⅠ.閱讀理解BarbaraMcClintockwasoneofthemostimportscientistsofthetwentiethcentury.Shemadeimportantdiscoveriesaboutgenes(基因)andchromosomes(染色體)．BarbaraMcClintockwasbornin1902inHartford,Connecticut.HerfamilymovedtoBrooklynareaofShestudiedscienceatCornellUniversityinIthaca,BarbaraMcClintockdecidedtostudybotany,thescientificstudyofplants,atCornellMcClintockstayedatCornellaftershecompletedhereducation.Shetaughtstudentsbotany.The1930swerenotagoodtimetobeayoungscientistintheUnitedStates.ThecountrywasinthemiddleofthegreateconomicDepression.MillionsofAmericanswereunemployed.Malescientistswereofferedjobs.Butfemalegeneticistswerenotmuchindemand.AnoldfriendfromCornell,MarcusRhoades,invitedMcClintocktospendthesummerof1941workingattheColdSpringHarborLaboratory.ItisaresearchcenteronLongIsland,nearNewYorkCity.McClintockstartedinatemporary(臨時(shí)的)jobwiththegeneticsdepartment.Ashorttimelater,sheacceptedapermanent(永久的)positionwiththelaboratory.Thisgaveherthefreedomtocontinueherresearchwithouthavingtoteachorrepeatedlyaskforfinancialaid.Bythe1970s,herdiscoverieshadhadaneffectoneverythingfromgeneticengineeringtocancerresearch.McClintockwontheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinein1983forherdiscoveryoftheabilityofgenestochangepositionsonchromosomes.ShewasthefirstAmericanwomantowinanunsharedNobelPrize.這是一篇人物傳記類(lèi)閱讀。文章主要講解并描述了聞名女科學(xué)家BarbaraMcClintock的經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及她在基因和染色體探討方面取得的重大成就。1．WhendidMcClintockreceiveadoctoratedegree?A．In1921.B．In1923.C．In1925.D．In1927.答案：D解析：推理推斷題。答案定位在第四段Shecompletedamaster'sdegreein1925.Twoyearslater,shefinishedallherrequirementsforadoctoratedegree.可知BarbaraMcClintock在1925年獲得了碩士學(xué)位。兩年之后，她獲得了博士學(xué)位。故可推知BarbaraMcClintock在1927年取得了博士學(xué)位，故選D。2．DuringthegreateconomicDepressionintheUS,________.A．youngscientistshadtroublefindingajobB．femalegeneticistswerenotwantedatallC．malegeneticistswereingreatdemandD．malescientistswereoutofjob答案：A解析：推理推斷題。答案定位在第五段The1930swerenotagoodtimetobeayoungscientistintheUnitedStates.ThecountrywasinthemiddleofthegreateconomicDepression.MillionsofAmericanswereunemployed.Malescientistswereofferedjobs.Butfemalegeneticistswerenotmuchindemand.由此可知，在二十世紀(jì)三十年頭，經(jīng)濟(jì)蕭條，許多美國(guó)人失業(yè)，年輕科學(xué)家很難找到工作，男科學(xué)家能找到工作，但是女性遺傳學(xué)家的需求量不大。由此可推知，年輕的科學(xué)家在經(jīng)濟(jì)大蕭條時(shí)期找工作可能是困難的，故選A。3．McClintockwasawardedaNobelPrizebecauseof________.A．herresearchinbotanyB．hercontributiontogeneticengineeringC．herdiscoveriesaboutgenesandchromosomesD．herunsharedworkinthelaboratory答案：C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。答案定位在最終一段McClintockwontheNobelPrizeforPhysiologyorMedicinein1983forherdiscoveryoftheabilityofgenestochangepositionsonchromosomes.可知McClintock因發(fā)覺(jué)基因在染色體上變更位置的實(shí)力，而于1983年獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)，故選C。4．Thetextislikelytoappearin________.A．a(chǎn)biographyB．a(chǎn)historypaperC．a(chǎn)newspaperD．a(chǎn)philosophytextbook答案：A解析：推理推斷題。本文主要講解并描述了聞名女科學(xué)家BarbaraMcClintock的經(jīng)驗(yàn)以及她在基因和染色體探討方面取得的重大成就。由此可知文章可能來(lái)自一本人物傳記，故選A。Ⅱ.七選五Whenthingsgowrong,manypeopleturntotheirfriendsforcomfortandsupport.Areyouthekindofpersonyourfriendstrusttobethereforthemwhenthey'refeelingdown?__1__.Youmightfeelawkwardornervousaboutcomfortingasadfriendatfirst,butwithalittlepractice,youwon'thavetoworryaboutsayingthewrongthingormakingthesituationworse.Whenoneofyourfriendsisupset,helphim/herbybeingthereforhim/her,findingtherightthingstosay,andavoidingcommonmistakes.1．__2__.Comfortyourfriendaccordingtohowupsethe/sheseemstobe.Ifhe/sheseemstobeverytroubled,itmaytakemoreeffortonyourparttohelphim/her.Ifsomethingisbotheringhim/her,buthe/sheisn'ttooupset,bethereforhim/herwithoutoverreacting.2．Findoutwhat'swrong.Beforeyousayanythingtrytofigureoutwhattheproblemis.__3__.Ifyoutrytotalktoyourfriendwithoutknowingthesituationfirst,youcouldendupwithputtingyourfootinyourmouth.3.Giveyourfriendahug.Akindtouchwilldowondersforyourfriend,evenifyoudon'tknowwhathe/sheisupsetabout.__4__.Youcanalsopathim/hergentlyontheshoulder.4．Letyourfriendvent(發(fā)泄).Ifyourfriendneedstogethis/hersadnessorangerout,lethim/herdo.Payattentionanddon'tinterrupt.Encouragehim/hertoexpresshimself/herselffully.5．Justlisten.Yourfriendneedssomeonetolistencompassionatelytohim/herrightnow,sofocusondoingthat.Bepatientandnon-judgmental.__5__.Don'tactboredortrytochangethesubject.A．YoumayfindyourselfwrongB．UnderstandhowupsetyourfriendisC．YoucanputyourarmaroundyourfriendD．Encouragehim/hertokeeptalkingaslongashe/sheneedstoE．ThiswillhelpyouknowwhattosayandwhatnottosayF．UseyourimaginationandgetclosetothetruthofwhathastakenplaceG．Ifyouaren'tsure,don'tworry—comfortingpeopleisaskillthatyoucanlearn這是一篇說(shuō)明文。介紹了五點(diǎn)來(lái)勸慰尋求支持的摯友的方法。1．G解析：依據(jù)下文Youmightfeelawkwardornervousaboutcomfortingasadfriendatfirst,butwithalittlepractice,youwon'thavetoworryaboutsayingthewrongthingormakingthesituationworse.一起先，你可能會(huì)因?yàn)閯裎恳粋€(gè)哀痛的摯友而感到尷尬或驚慌，但只要稍加練習(xí)，你就不用擔(dān)憂(yōu)說(shuō)錯(cuò)話(huà)或讓狀況變得更糟?？芍?jiǎng)裎縿e人是一種你可以學(xué)習(xí)的技能。故選G。2．B解析：依據(jù)下文Comfortyourfriendaccordingtohowupsethe/sheseemstobe.可知你須要了解你的摯友有多難受，再依據(jù)你的摯友看起來(lái)有多難受來(lái)勸慰他/她。故選B。3．E解析：依據(jù)上文Beforeyousayanythingtrytofigureoutwhattheproblemis.可知在你說(shuō)話(huà)之前，試著找出問(wèn)題所在。后文再說(shuō)明這一做法的緣由是：這將幫助你知道什么該說(shuō)，什么不該說(shuō)。故選E。4．C解析：依據(jù)下文Youcanalsopathim/hergentlyontheshoulder.你也可以輕輕地拍他/她的肩膀?？赏葡氪颂幈硎局w接觸，如你可以摟著你的摯友。故選C。5．D解析：依據(jù)下文Don'tactboredortrytochangethesubject.不要表現(xiàn)得很無(wú)聊或者試圖轉(zhuǎn)移話(huà)題。可知上文應(yīng)為激勵(lì)摯友始終說(shuō)下去只要他須要，不要打斷他。故選D。Ⅲ.語(yǔ)法填空ABriefIntroductiontoGandhiMohandasGandhi(1869—1948),anIndiannationalhero,washonored__1__thefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot__2__(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,__3__hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahe__4__(surprise)tofindthattheproblemofracialdiscrimination(種族卑視)wasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight__5__equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,__6__IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand__7__(depend)forhiscountry.Inthepoliticalmovement,manyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison.__8__，thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogive__9__andIndiawonitsindependencein1947.__10__(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.本文為人物傳記。甘地(1869—1948)，印度民族英雄，被尊為印度民族之父。他始終受到印度人的敬重和愛(ài)戴。1．a(chǎn)s解析：考查介詞。句意：甘地(1869—1948)，印度民族英雄