小學英語輔導語法

學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載學習好資料歡迎下載第一章名詞（Noun）名詞的概念在生活中，我們會接觸到各種各樣的人和事物，用來表示這些人或事物名稱的詞就是名詞。一、名詞的數(shù)名詞的數(shù)指名詞的單數(shù)和復數(shù)形式。可數(shù)名詞表示“一個”時用單數(shù)，“兩個以上”時用復數(shù)；不可數(shù)名詞表示量時，通常用“數(shù)詞+單位+of+物質名詞”的形式，如apieceofbread(一片面包)，變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)時，只須將單位名詞變?yōu)閺蛿?shù)，如：twopiecesofbread(兩片面包)。*名詞復數(shù)的構成法則1.一般情況下在詞尾加

s.詞尾讀音shopshops(商店)在清輔音后讀[s]bagbags(書包)在濁輔音后讀[z]windowwindows(窗戶)在元音后讀[z]2.以s,x,sh,ch結尾的單詞在詞尾加es。classclasses(班級)詞尾讀音[iz]boxboxes(盒子)matchmatches(比賽)brushbrushes(刷子)3.以“輔音字母+y”結尾的詞，變y為i加es.storystories(故事)詞尾讀音[iz]4.以“元音字母+y”結尾的詞，在詞尾直接加skeykeysmonkeymonkeys詞尾讀音[z]5.以“o”結尾的名詞，復數(shù)一般在詞尾加“s”,但個別加“es”tomatotomatoes(西紅柿)potatopotatoes(土豆)zoozoos(動物園)photophotos(照片)詞尾讀音[z]*（以“o”結尾，復數(shù)加“es”）口訣：黑人(Negro)英雄(hero)，左手拿著西紅柿(tomato)，右手拿著破土豆(potato)，頭頂一個大芒果（mango）。6.以f或fe結尾的詞，多數(shù)變f或fe為ves.leafleaves(樹葉)knifeknives(小刀)詞尾讀音[vz]*（以f或fe結尾的單詞，需把f或fe變ves的單詞）口訣：2妻子（wife）持刀（knife）去宰狼（wolf），小偷（thief）嚇得發(fā)了慌，躲在架下（shelf）保己命，半(half)片樹葉（leaf）遮目光。*（以f或fe結尾的單詞，直接加“s”的單詞）口訣：長頸鹿(giraffe)站在屋檐(roof)下，左手拿著手絹(handkerchief)，右手拿著高爾夫球(golf)。例：roofroofs(屋頂)7.不規(guī)則名詞復數(shù)的變化manmen(男人)toothteeth(牙齒)childchildren(兒童)mousemice(老鼠)footfeet(腳)womanwomen(女人)8.名詞單復數(shù)形式一樣sheepsheep(綿羊)deer--deer（鹿）EnglishEnglish（英國人）ChineseChinese（中國人）*（不規(guī)則名詞變復數(shù)）口訣：男人，女人a變e；鵝，足，牙齒oo變ee；其實老鼠也好記ous變ic；孩子加上ren，魚鹿綿羊不用記。二、名詞所有格的構成法1.主要是在詞尾加’s構成。如:ThisisTom’sdesk.這是湯姆的書桌。ThatisMike’sbook.那是邁克的書。2.如果原名詞已經有復數(shù)詞尾s,則僅加一個’.如:theteachers’readingroom教師閱覽室thepupils’pencil-boxes學生們的文具盒3.如果原詞是復數(shù)形式，但不是以s結尾，變?yōu)樗懈裥问叫柙诤竺婕由稀痵。如：thechildren’spalace少年宮men’sroom男廁所*名詞所有格口訣：名詞所有格，s前面加一撇’，復數(shù)s放在尾，后加一撇就完結，兩人共有算一個，后面只加一個撇。3名詞練習題寫出下列名詞的復數(shù)形式1.computer____________2.apple____________3.city______________4.house_____________5.sheep_____________6.watch______________7.tomato_____________8.child_____________9.tooth________10.foot______________11.wife_____________12.potato____________13.play_____________14.day____________15.glass______________16.radio______________17.zoo______________18.life______________19.story_____________20.leaf_____________21.baby_____________22.dress_____________23.butterfly___________24.deer_________25.class_____________26.brush_____________27.key_____________28.English____________29.mouse____________30.man_____________二、漢譯英1．Tom的足球_________________2.老師們的自行車_________________3．學生們的課桌_________________4.哥哥的文具盒_________________5．姑姑的卡片_________________6.猴子們的香蕉_________________7．螞蟻們的早餐_________________8.媽媽的包_________________9．姐姐的連衣裙_________________10女孩們的蘋果_________________三、把下列句子翻譯成英文1．這些是Peter的籃球嗎？________________________________________2．這個是老師的鋼筆嗎？___________________________________________3．有一些書在Sam的課桌上。________________________________________4．有一些孩子們在教室里。___________________________________________四、改錯（圈出錯處，在橫線上改正過來）1.Therearesomebutterflysonthetable.________________________2.ThisisAlicedress.______________________3.Iliketomatoverymuch.__________________五、將下列句子變成復數(shù)形式。1．Thisdogisbrown.___________________________________________________2.Thereisabookandapenonthetable.___________________________________________________3.Thatwomanisateacher.___________________________________________________4第二章代詞一、人稱代詞1．人稱代詞即表示“你、我、他、你們、我們、他們”等的詞，它的人稱、數(shù)和格的變化見下表：數(shù)人稱主格賓格單數(shù)第一人稱Ime第二人稱youyou第三人稱hesheithimherit復數(shù)第一人稱Weus第二人稱youyou第三人稱theythem主格與賓格：人稱代詞有主格和賓格兩種形式。主格主要用來做句子的主語；賓格主要用作賓語。人稱代詞主格用在句首作主語。Sheissittinginabus.她正坐在公共汽車上。人稱代詞賓格在動詞后作賓語。Thispenisbad.Ican’twritewithit.這支鋼筆不好，我沒法用它寫字。2.人稱代詞的排列順序人稱代詞并列使用時，通常以下列順序出現(xiàn)，請熟悉并記憶。單數(shù)代詞：youandI;youandhe;heandI;you,heandI.復數(shù)代詞：weandthey;weandyou;youandthey;we,youandthey第三人稱單數(shù)代詞：heandshe*人稱代詞排序口訣：人稱代詞并列觀，注意順序禮貌見；單數(shù)人稱二、三、一，復數(shù)人稱一、二、三；麻煩事情“我”站前，其他人稱沒意見；兩性并用為三單，男先女后是習慣。二、物主代詞物主代詞是表示所有關系的代詞，分為形容詞性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞。第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)單數(shù)復數(shù)形容詞性myouryouryourhis,her,itstheir名詞性mineouryoursyourshis,hers,itstheirs名詞性物主代詞=形容詞性物主代詞+名詞例，Whosecoatisthis?這是誰的上衣?It’shers.是她的。hers=hercoat*關于物主代詞的口訣：物主代詞很重要，譯成漢語都有“的”，后面必須加上物，否則就要犯錯誤，myyourhisheritsourtheir不放過。形容詞性是基礎，除了我的

“mine”外，其他詞尾“s”性形物代能力差，出門常把名詞加；名物代能力強，常來獨去又獨往。三、反身代詞反身代詞也叫“自身代詞”，表示“**自己”。數(shù)人稱第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself,herself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselvesIcandoitbymyself.我自己能做這件事。*反身代詞的構成規(guī)律記憶口訣：反身代詞有規(guī)律，第三人稱賓格加，其余開頭用物主，復數(shù)-ves替-f四、指示代詞This(這個)these(這些)指近處的事物That(那個)those(那些)指遠處的事物例，Thisisabook.這是本書。Thesearesomebooks.這些是書。Thatisacar.那是輛小汽車。Thosearesomecars.那些是小汽車。代詞練習題根據(jù)題意，用所給詞的適當形式填空。Maryisafriendof______________.(I)Thisis________(she)ruler.________(I)isinthebag.Herbrotheristooyoungtolookafter_________(he)Thisis_________(I)book.Thisbookis_________(I).Thesepensare_________(we).二、填寫下列表格。人稱代詞我我們你，你們他她它他們主格賓格形容詞性物主代詞名詞性物主代詞反身代詞三、改寫下列句子Eg,Thisismybook.Thebookismine.Thatisherruler._________________________________Thesearetheirfootballs.__________________________________Thisismybackpack.____________________________________Thoseareyourboxes.____________________________________四、把下列句子改寫成復數(shù)。1.Thisisabutterfly.____________________________________________2.Thatisabus.________________________________________________3.Itisamouse.________________________________________________五、改錯。1.Thisisminelamp.___________________________________________2.Theseareoursbooks.____________________________________________3.Thataretheirteacher.___________________________________________4.Thehouseismybrother.________________________5.Hehasvisitedmanycountry.______________________6.TheyareChineses.______________________________7.ThisisTomredbike.____________________________第三章數(shù)詞和冠詞一、數(shù)詞表示數(shù)目和順序的詞叫數(shù)詞。數(shù)詞又分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞，基數(shù)詞表示數(shù)量，序數(shù)詞表示順序。最基本的基數(shù)詞如下表所示：1~1011~1920~1001one11eleven2two12twelve20twenty3three13thirteen30thirty4four14fourteen40forty5five15fifteen50fifty6six16sixteen60sixty7seven17seventeen70seventy8eight18eighteen80eighty9nine19nineteen90ninety10ten100onehundred*基數(shù)詞的寫法：21~99的兩位數(shù)，十位與個位之間用連字符“-”。例：21twenty-one32thirty-two99ninety–nine百位數(shù)：個位數(shù)基數(shù)詞形式加“hundred”，表示幾百，在幾十幾與百位間加上and。例：101ahundredandone.320threehundredandtwenty648sixhundredandforty-eight2．序數(shù)詞的構成1）一般來說，是由相應的基數(shù)詞加詞尾th構成。例，four+thfourthsix+thsixthseven+thseventhten+thtenth2）下面這些基數(shù)詞在變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，有特殊的變化。例，onefirsttwosecondthreethirdfivefiftheighteighthnineninthtwelvetwelfth3）十位整數(shù)序數(shù)詞的構成方法是將基數(shù)詞的詞y變成i，然后在加eth.例，twentytwentieththirtythirtiethfortyfortiethninetyninetieth兩位或兩位以上的基數(shù)詞變?yōu)樾驍?shù)詞時，僅將個位數(shù)變成序數(shù)詞。例，twenty–onetwenty-firstthirty-fivethirty-fifthahundredandfifty-threeahundredandfifty-third*基數(shù)詞變序數(shù)詞的口訣：基變序，有規(guī)律；詞尾加上th（fourth,sixth）一、二、三，單獨記；結尾字母st,nd,rd；（first，second，third）八去t,九去e,（eighth，ninth）；ve要用f替；（fifth，twelfth）整十基數(shù)變序數(shù)，ty將y變成i;th前面有個e；要是遇到幾十幾，前用基來后用序。二、冠詞冠詞分不定冠詞和定冠詞兩種。a或an是不定冠詞，the是定冠詞。a用在輔音音素之前，如adesk,atree;an用在元音因素之前，如anapple,anhour,anEnglishbook.不定冠詞（a,an）指人或事物的某一種類，表示“一個”，但不強調數(shù)量。Sheisateacher.That’sanorange.定冠詞the，是特指某（些）人、某（些）物，或指說話人與聽話人彼此知道的人或物，或者是在上文提到過的人和事。Thisisabus.Thebusisbig.不用冠詞的情況：專有名詞，物質名詞，抽象名詞前一般不用冠詞。如，Chinese,English,Jim等。名詞前已經有this,that,my,your等詞時，就不再用冠詞了。如，thatmouse(那只老鼠)3)一些固定詞組前不用定冠詞。如，athome在家gotoschool去上學*定冠詞the的用法記憶口訣：特指、重提和唯一，島嶼、海峽和海灣；海洋、黨派、最高級，沙漠、河流與群山；方位、順序和樂器，年代、團體與機關；船名、建筑和組織，會議、條約與報刊；姓氏復數(shù)、國全名，記住定冠the加在前。*零冠詞用法口訣：月份、星期、節(jié)假洲，呼語、頭銜職務前；三餐、球類、慣用語，學科、棋類名詞前。冠詞和數(shù)詞專項練習一、在空白處填上適當?shù)墓谠~，不需要的填“/”。1)at____home2)goto_____bed3)goto_____school4)catch______badcold5)have_____goodtime6)______redapple7)_____Englishbook8)______spoon9)_____orange10)______melon11)_______eraser二、選擇填空1.Thereis_____“m”intheword“primary”anB.aC.theD./2.Thisis____orangebike.A.aB.anC.theD/3.Italwaystakesushalf_____hourtohave____longwalkaftersupper.A.a,aB,a,theC.an,aD.an,the4.Englishis____usefullanguagein____world.A.an,theB.a,theC.the,/D./,the5.Wearegoingto_____cinemathisevening.A.theB./C/aD.an6.He’sstandingon_____othersideof_____river.A.a,aB.the,theC.the,aD.a,the7._____potatoisavegetable,not____fruit.A.The,anB.The,aC.A,theD.An,/8.Hewas_____firsttocome.A.TheB.aC.theD./9.Doyousee____bookon_____table?A.the,aB.a,anC.an,anD.a,the10.Where’s_____desk?It’sin____middleoftheroom.A./,/B./,aC.a,/D.the,the11.Heis_____friendofmine.A.anB./C.theD.a12.Thereis____universitynearthefarm.A.aB.anC.theD./13.Hediedin____autumnof1989.A./B.theC.aD.an14.Ihave____book.It’s_____interestingone.Ilikereading____booksverymuch.A.a,an,/B.a,/,theC.an,an,theD./,an,/15.Todayis_____Children’sDay.A.aB.anC.theD/16.Thisis_____bag.Thatis____eraser.A.a,aB.a,anC.an,aD.an,an四、用代詞填空:1._____,_____and____areallgoodfriends.A.We,you,theyB.You,they,weC.We,they,youD.They,you,we2.____classroomisbig,but____ismuchbiggerthan_____.A.We,they,usB.Our,their,ourC.Our,theirs,oursD.Our,theirs,we3.Shelost____pen.Willyoulendher____?A.her,yoursB.his,yourC.hers,youD.their,yourself4.“Whatareyoudoing?”“Iamlookingat_____inthemirror?”A.meB.myselfC.itselfD.himself5.____,____and_____allenjoymusic.A.She,you,IB.I,she,youC.You,she,ID.I,you,she第四章形容詞和副詞形容詞和副詞的比較級復習及練習一、形容詞的比較級1、形容詞比較級在句子中的運用：兩個事物或人的比較用比較級，比較級后面一般帶有單詞than。比較級前面可以用more,alittle來修飾表示程度。than后的人稱代詞用主格（口語中可用賓格）。2．形容詞加er的規(guī)則：⑴一般在詞尾加er；⑵以字母e結尾，加r；⑶以一個元音字母和一個輔音字母結尾，應雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加er；⑷以“輔音字母+y”結尾，先把y變i，再加er。3．不規(guī)則形容詞比較級：good-better,beautiful-morebeautiful二、副詞的比較級1．形容詞與副詞的區(qū)別(有be用形，有形用be；有動用副，有副用動)⑴在句子中形容詞一般處于名詞之前或be動詞之后⑵副詞在句子中最常見的是處于實義動詞之后2．副詞比較級的變化規(guī)則基本與形容詞比較級相同(不規(guī)則變化：well-better,far-farther)練習題一、寫出下列形容詞或副詞的比較級old__________young________tall_______long________short________strong________big________small_______fat_________thin__________heavy______light________nice_________good_________beautiful__________________low__________high_________slow_______fast________late__________early_________far_________well_______二、根據(jù)句意填入單詞的正確形式：1.Mybrotheristwoyears__________(old)thanme.2.Tomisas________(fat)asJim.3.Isyoursister__________(young)thanyou?Yes,sheis.4.Whois___________(thin),youorHelen?Helenis.5.Whosepencil-boxis__________(big),yoursorhers?Hersis.6.Mary’shairisas__________(long)asLucy’s.7.Ben______(jump)________(high)thansomeoftheboysinhisclass.8.________Nancysing__________(well)thanHelen?Yes,she_____.9.Fangfangisnotas_________(tall)astheothergirls.10.Myeyesare__________(big)than________(she)..11.Whichis___________(heavy),theelephantorthepig?12.Whogetsup_________(early),TimorTom?13._____thegirlsgetup_______(early)thantheboys?No,they______.14.Jimruns_____(slow).ButBenruns_____(slow).15.Thechilddoesn’t______(write)as____(fast)asthestudents.三、翻譯句子：1、誰比Jim年紀大？是你。________is_________thanJim？________are2、誰比David更強壯？是GaoShan._________________thanDavid?GaoShan________.3、誰的鉛筆更長，他的還是她的？_________pencilis_________,______or________？4、誰的蘋果更重，你的姐姐的還是你的弟弟的？我的弟弟的。_________apples________________,your_______oryour_______?My_______________________.5、你和你的叔叔一樣高嗎？是的。_________________as_________asyouruncle?Yes,Iam.6、他和他的朋友Jim一樣年輕。He_______as__________as________________Jim.7、她和她的雙胞胎哥哥一樣胖嗎？不，她比他瘦。________________as_________as______twin_______?No,__________________thanhim.8.YangLing每天睡得比SuYang晚。YangLing________to_______________thanSuYangeveryday.9.我跳得和Mike一樣遠。I_________as_______asMike.10.Tom比你跑得快嗎？不是的,他和我跑得一樣快。____Tom__________thanyou?No,he_______.He_____as_____as_____.11.多做運動，你會更強壯。________moreexercise,you’ll_________________soon.12.我的科學很好，但是語文不好。I______________atScience.ButIdon’t_________wellinChinese.13.你放風箏比王兵放得高嗎？不，我比他放得低。____you_______thekite_____thanWangbing?No,I______it_____than___.14.我喜歡游泳。我所有的朋友都游得比我慢。Ilike_______.Allmy____________________thanme.15.我的姐姐起得比我早。My__________up_____thanme.16.女孩比男孩唱得好嗎？是的。____thegirls__________________theboys?Yes,they____.17.她不擅長體育。但我跳得沒有她高。Shedoesn’t_________inPE.ButIdon’t___________than_____.18.你足球踢得比你的同班同學好嗎？不，他們踢得和我一樣好。___you____football_____thanyourclassmates?No,they____as____asme.19．我母親比我父親年紀小。My________________thanmy______.20.她的毛衣和我的一樣重。_____sweater_____as_______as_____.21.我的連衣裙太短了。我想買一條大點的。Mydress_____too_____.Iwantto_____a______one.22.I'mtallerthanMike.(該成用原級的比較)I'm_________as________asMike.第五章一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)一、一般現(xiàn)在時的定義一般現(xiàn)在時是表示現(xiàn)在經常反復發(fā)生的動作，存在的狀態(tài)或習慣性的動作的時態(tài)。二、一般現(xiàn)在時的結構一般現(xiàn)在時用行為動詞的原形，但第三人稱單數(shù)作主語時，動詞的詞尾要加-s或-es?，F(xiàn)在以連系動詞be和行為動詞read為例，對一般現(xiàn)在時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及其簡略答語的構成以表格形式加以說明：動詞肯定句否定句beIam…Iamnot…You/We/Theyare…You/We/Theyarenot…He/She/Itis...He/She/Itisnot…readI/We/You/Theyread…I/We/You/They/donotread…He/She/Itreads…He/She/Itdoesnotread…動詞疑問句簡略答語（肯定）簡略答語（否定）beAmI…?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areyou…?Yes,Iam/weare.No,Iam/wearenot.Arewe…?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youarenot.Arethey…?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.Ishe…?Yes,heis.No,heisnot.Isshe…?Yes,sheis.No,sheisnot.Isit…?Yes,itis.No,itisnot.readDoI/we/theyread…?Yes,you/we/theydo.No,you/we/theydonot.Doeshe/she/itread…?Yes,he/she/itdoes.No,he/she/itdoesnot.連系動詞be的各種形式常與代詞或not縮寫成一個詞。助動詞do，does一般只有與not縮寫。聯(lián)系動詞be縮寫形式如下肯定縮寫否定縮寫IamI’mIamnotI’mnotYouareYou’reYouarenotYou’renot/Youaren’tHeisHe’sHeisnotHe’snot/Heisn’tSheisShe’sSheisnotShe’snot/Sheisn’tItisIt’sItisnotIt’snot/Itisn’tWeareWe’reWearenotWe’renot/Wearen’tTheyareThey’reTheyarenotThey’renot/Theyaren’t動詞donot的縮寫形式為don’t，doesnot的縮寫形式為doesn’t。動詞加-s或-es（動詞第三人稱單數(shù)）當主語是第三人稱單數(shù)時，謂語動詞需加-s或-es一般在詞尾加–s例：work—worksleaveleavesswimswims以字母s，x，ch，sh或o結尾的詞加-es例：passpassesfixfixesteachteachesdodoes以輔音字母加y結尾的詞，先變y為i再加-es例：studystudiescarrycarriesflyfliescrycries一般現(xiàn)在時的用法表示經?；蛄晳T性的動作。常與often（經常）,always（總是）,sometimes（有時）,everyday（每天）,onSundays/Mondays等表示頻度的時間狀語連用。一般現(xiàn)在時的時間狀語有：today,often,sometimes,always,usually,everyday(week,month,year,…),thisyear,onceaweek(month,year,…)一周（月，年）一次例句：Igetupat6o’clockeveryday.Heoftengoestoschoolbybike.表示客觀事實，普遍真理。例句：Twoandtwoarefour.二加二等于四。Theearthmovesaroundthesun.地球繞著太陽轉。一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)專項練習寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù)形式posteatstopjumpgolikevisitpassrisereadkidehavegivewriteswimstudywatchflyteachdo單項選擇()1._____youhaveabook?ADoB.AreC.IsD.Have()2.DoesLiLeiliketowatchTV?______________.A.Yes,helike.B.No,hedoesn’t.C.Yes,he’dlike.D.No,helikes.()3.Shedoesn’t______herhomeworkintheafternoon.A.doingB.todoC.doesD.do()4.How____Mr.Smith______toEngland?A.do,goB.is,goC.does,goD.does,goes()5._____she______homeatsixeveryday?A.Is,leaveB.Does,leaveC.Is,leavesD.Does,left用下列動詞的適當形式填空1.I______(get)upat6o’clockeveryday.2.Myfather______(have)alovelydog.3.He______(go)toschoolonfoot.4.She______(do)notlikewatchingTV.5.They______(play)footballeverySundayafternoon.按要求完成下列各題1.TomorrowisSaturday.(變成一般疑問句)_________________Saturday?2.Doesheplaybasketballeveryweekend?(肯定回答)Yes,_____________.3.Shelookslikehersister.(變一般疑問句)_____she______likehersister?4.PeterandSamlookthesame.(一般疑問句)______they_____thesame?5.Dotheyalwaysgotothemovie(電影院)onSundays?(否定回答)No,______________.五、英漢互譯Tom經常放學后（afterschool）踢足球。__________________________________我喜歡唱歌。__________________________________Heoftengoestoschoolonfoot.__________________________________Childrenliketoplaythisgame.__________________________________今天是星期日。__________________________________第六章現(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)現(xiàn)在進行時的定義現(xiàn)在進行時是表示在現(xiàn)在某一時刻或某段時間正在進行的動作的時態(tài)。現(xiàn)在進行時的構成現(xiàn)在進行時由“系動詞（am，is，are）+現(xiàn)在分詞（動詞加-ing形式）”構成?，F(xiàn)在以動詞work為例，對現(xiàn)在進行時的肯定句、否定句、疑問句及簡略答語列表說明：肯定句否定句Iamworking.Iamnotworking.Youareworking.Youarenotworking.He/She/Itisworking.He/She/Itisnotworking.We/You/Theyareworking.We/You/Theyarenotworking.疑問句簡略答語AmIworking?Yes,youare.No,youarenot.Areweworking?Yes,we/youare.No,we/youaren’t.Areyouworking?Yes,Iam.No,Iamnot.Yes,weare.No,wearenot.Ishe/sheitworking?Yes,he/she/itis.No,he/she/itisnot.Aretheyworking?Yes,theyare.No,theyarenot.現(xiàn)在分詞的構成一般在動詞原形末尾加-ing。staystayingdodoinglistenlistening以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，先去掉e，再加-ing。makemakingrideridinggivegiving以一個輔音字母結尾的重讀閉音節(jié)詞，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ing。putputtingsitsittingrunrunning現(xiàn)在進行時的用法表示現(xiàn)在或說話時正在進行的動作，常和下列時間狀語連用：now,atthismoment,atpresent,thesedays(years),thisterm…有時也與look,listen等連用。例句：Look,whatarethemonkeyseating?看，那些猴子在吃什么？表示當前一直或反復在進行的動作或難以終止的動作。例句：Theyarerunningandjumpingallthetime.他們一直在跑啊跳啊?，F(xiàn)在進行時態(tài)專項練習寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞形式stay__________do__________listen__________suffer__________refuse__________close__________operate_________die_________work________spend_________look_________make__________put__________sit__________run__________tie__________take_________give_________ride_________please_________win_________begin_________open_________lie_________用所給動詞的適當形式填空MaryandLucyare________(dance)now.Listen!Someoneis_______(play)thepianointhenextroom.Heis__________(sweep)theflooratthemoment.Look!Thecat________________(eat)thefishonthetable.A:______you_______(study)French?B:Yes,Iam.Sheoften____________(dance)afterschool.Myfatherandmother____________(swim)inthepond.Mysisteris________(fly)akiteinthegarden.Weare__________(watch)TVnow.Bequiet!Thebaby___________(sleep)now.三.改錯Wearecleanningourclassroom.______________________________Sheissinginthenextroom.______________________________Whatamyoudoing?______________________________MaryiscomeingbackfromBeijing.______________________________HeoftenflyingkitesonSundays.______________________________Theyisreadingbooksnow.______________________________Mybrotherisplaystheguitarnow._______________________________Sallyisdanceingintheroom._______________________________IwatchingTVathomenow.________________________________Doyoulisteningtheradionow?________________________________四.英漢互譯他正在教室里做作業(yè)。______________________________________________WearereadingEnglishnow.______________________________________________Peter和Billy正在操場上（intheplayground）打籃球。______________________________________________Look!Abirdisflyinginthesky.______________________________________________公共汽車來了。______________________________________________劉先生經常在周日的時候（onSundays）看英語書。______________________________________________Heisn’tplayinggames.Heisstudying.______________________________________________孩子們在摘（pick）蘋果。______________________________________________Thatsonofyoursisalwaysmakingtroubles(搗亂).______________________________________________10.你們正在做什么?____________________________________________________第七章.一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)。常和表示過去的時間狀語連用。如：lastyear,yesterday等；也可表示過去經常反復發(fā)生的動作，常和often,always等頻率副詞連用。例如：①Isawhiminthestreetyesterday.昨天我在街上看見他了。

②LiMeialwayswenttoschoolonfootlastyear.去年李梅總是步行上學。II.一般過去時的構成我們主要來學習謂語動詞為實義動詞的一般過去時的構成。動詞過去式的構成：(1)規(guī)則動詞過去式的構成有四條規(guī)則：①一般在動詞原形末尾直接加上-ed。如：look-looked。②以不發(fā)音的字母e結尾的動詞，去e再加-ed。如：live-lived。③末尾只有一個輔音字母的重讀閉音節(jié)，先雙寫這個輔音字母，再加-ed。如：stop-stopped。④末尾是輔音字母+y結尾的動詞，先變y為i，然后再加-ed。如：study-studied。(2)不規(guī)則動詞的過去式需特殊記憶。如：am(is)-was,are-were,go-went,come-came,take-took,have(has)-had,do(does)-did,write-wrote,see-saw,等。III.一般過去時的幾種句型肯定句結構為：主語+動詞的過去式+其它。如：Hewenttothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天去玩具店了。否定句結構為：主語+didnot(didn't)+動詞原形+其它。如：Hedidn'tgotothetoystoreyesterday.他昨天沒去玩具店。一般過去時的一般疑問句的構成：Did+主語＋動詞原形＋其它。如：1)-DidyougotoBeijinglastweek?

-Yes,wedid.(No,wedidn't.)2)-Didyoumeetthebusinessmanbefore?-No,Ididn't.(Yes,Idid.)一般過去時的特殊疑問句的構成：疑問詞＋did+主語＋動詞原形＋其它。如：1)-Whatdidyoudolastnight?-Ididmyhomework.2)-Wheredidyougolastweek?-IwenttoShanghaiwithmyparents.★含有be動詞的句子，將be動詞變?yōu)檫^去式。am,is的過去式為was,are的過去式為were：

Iwasatthebutcher's.

Youwereastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasverybeautifultenyearsago.★變疑問句將be動詞移動到句首

Wereyouatthebutcher's?

Wereyouastudentayearago?

Wastheteacherverybeautifultenyearsago?★變否定句在be動詞后面加not

Iwasnotatthebutcher's.

Youwerenotastudentayearago.

Theteacherwasnotverybeautifultenyearsago.★肯定回答否定回答

Yes,Iwas./No,Iwasnot.

Yes,youwere./No,youwerenot.

Yes,he/shewas./No,he/shewasnot.★特殊疑問句

Whatdidyoudo?（必背）不含有be動詞的句子，將動詞變?yōu)檫^去式：

Ifinishedmyhomeworkyesterday.

Theboywenttoarestaurant.

TheSawyerslivedatKingStreetayearago.★變疑問句在句首加did，動詞變?yōu)樵?/p>

Didyoufinishyourhomeworkyesterday?

Didtheboygotoarestaurant?

DidtheSawyersliveatKingStreetayearago?★變否定句在主語和動詞之間加didnot

Ididnotfinishmyhomeworkyesterday.

Theboydidnotgotoarestaurant.

TheSawyersdidnotliveatKingStreetayearago.★肯定回答及否定回答

Yes,Idid./No,Ididn't.

Yes,hedid./No,hedidn't.

Yes,theydid./No,theydidnot.附：一般過去時口訣一般過去時并不難，表示過去動作、狀態(tài)記心間。動詞要用過去式，時間狀語句末站。否定句很簡單，didn't站在動詞原形前，其它部分不要變。一般疑問句也好變，did放在句子前，主語、動詞原形、其它部分依次站。特殊疑問句也簡單，疑問詞加一般疑問句記心間。最后一條請注意，動詞過去式要牢記。練習題1.I_________(have)anexcitingpartylastweekend.2._________she_________(practice)herguitaryesterday?No,she_________.3.What________Tom________(do)onSaturdayevening?He________(watch)TVand__________(read)aninterestingbook.4.Theyall_________(go)tothemountainsyesterdaymorning.5.She_________(notvisit)herauntlastweekend.She________(stay)athomeand_________(do)somecleaning.6.When________you_________(write)thissong?I__________(write)itlastyear.7.Myfriend,Carol,________(study)forthemathtestand________(practice)Englishlastnight.8.________Mr.Li__________(do)theprojectonMondaymorning?Yes,he_________.9.How_________(be)Jim'sweekend?It_________(benot)bad.10.________(be)yourmotherasalesassistantlastyear?No.she__________.II.翻譯下列句子1.我過了一個忙碌但卻刺激的周末。______________________________________excitingweekend.2.Jenny喜歡看書。昨晚她看了一本地理方面的書籍。Jennylikes_____________.She_______abook______________lastnight.3.Emma每天都練習彈吉他。可是昨天他沒有練習。Emma__________theguitareveryday.Buthe____________________yesterday.4.上周六他們做什么了？What________they__________________Saturday?第八章一般將來時一.意義:

表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示將來經?；蛑貜桶l(fā)生的動作，常與表示將來的時間狀語連用。如：tomorrow,soon,nextMonday,nextyear,nextweekend,thisafternoon,thisevening……

二.構成及變化

一般將來時常用的兩種結構

begoingto+動詞原形:表示打算、準備做的事或即將發(fā)生或肯定要發(fā)生的事。

shall／will+動詞原形:表示將要發(fā)生的動作或情況，沒有太多的計劃性,還用來表示意愿

1.begoingto+動詞原形

1.肯定句

主語+

be(am/,is,/are)goingto+動詞原形+其它成份

MysisterisgoingtolearnEnglishnextyear.我姐姐準備明年學英語。

2.否定句

主語+be（am/is/are）not

goingto+動詞原形+其它成份

Iamnotgoingto（goto）thecinematonight.我今天晚上不打算去看電影。

3.一般疑問句Be(am/is/are)+主語+goingto+動詞原型+其它成份…?

Isyourfathergoingtoplaybasketballwithyou?No,heisn’t.你父親打算和你去打籃球嗎?不。

4.特殊疑問句特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句?

WhereareyougoingtospendSpringFesital.?春節(jié)你打算在哪過？

5.注意:begoingto結構后面習慣上不跟go，come等表位移的動詞，一般用該動詞的進行時形式表示。如:He’sgoingtoNewYorknextweek.下周他要去紐約.

2.will/shall+動詞原形

（在書面語中，主語是第一人稱時，常用shall,在口語中，所有人稱都可以用will）

1.肯定句

主語+will/shall+動詞原形+其它成份

I(shall)writetohimnextweek.下周我將給他寫信。

2.否定句

主語+will/shall+not+動詞原形+其它成份

Theywon’twatchTVthisevening.今天晚上他們不看電視。

3.一般疑問句will/shall+主語+動詞原形+其它成份

Willyoustayathomewithustomorrow？明天你和我們呆在家里好嗎？

4.特殊疑問句

特殊疑問詞(Wh-)+一般疑問句

Whenwillyourfatherbeback?你爸爸什么時侯回來？

附:

ShallI/we…常用來征求對方意見，而問對方是否愿意，或者表示客氣的邀請，常用Willyou…?他們的回答比較靈活。

1．Shallwegotothepark?

肯定Sure,let’sgo.

否定No,let’sgotothecinema.

2.

Willyoupleasecometomybirthdaypartynextweek?

肯定Yes,Iwill./Sure.

否定I’msorry.I’mafraidIcan’t.練習題1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_____________________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.I________haveapicnicwithmyfriends.2.下個星期一你打算去干嘛？我想去打籃球。What___________________________________________nextMonday?I__________________playbasketball.What_________youdonextMonday?I________playbasketball.3.你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_____yourmother_______________goshoppingthis___________?Yes,she_________.She________________________buysomefruit.4.你們打算什么時候見面。Whattime_______you___________________meet?改句子。5.Nancyisgoingtogocamping.（改否定）Nancy________goingtogocamping.6.I'llgoandjointhem.（改否定）I_______go______jointhem.7.I'mgoingtogetupat6:30tomorrow.（改一般疑問句）_______________________togetupat6:30tomorrow?8.Wewillmeetatthebusstopat10:30.（改一般疑問句）_______________meetatthebusstopat10:30.9.Sheisgoingtolistentomusicafterschool.（對劃線部分提問）_______________she_________________________afterschool?用所給詞的適當形式填空。1.Todayisasunnyday.We___________________（have）apicnicthisafternoon.2.Mybrother_______________（go）toShanghainextweek.3.Tomoften______________（go）toschoolonfoot.Buttodayisrain.He______________（go）toschoolbybike.4.Whatdoyouusuallydoatweekends?Iusually__________（watch）TVand____________（catch）insects?5.It'sFridaytoday.What_____she_________（do）thisweekend?She______________（watch）TVand_____________（catch）insects.6.What___________（d0）youdolastSunday?I____________（pick）applesonafarm.Whatareyou______________（do）nextSunday?I______________（m