新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略

學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載學(xué)習(xí)好資料歡迎下載2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空解題指導(dǎo)及備考策略在2016年新課標(biāo)高考英語語法填空類題目中的考綱的要求如下：在一篇200詞左右的語言材料中留出10個空白，部分空白的后面給出單詞的基本形式要求考生根據(jù)上下文填寫空白處所需的內(nèi)容（1個單詞）或所提供單詞的正確形式。備考思路語法填空題設(shè)空設(shè)空大致有如下特點：無提示詞一般考查：冠詞、介詞、連詞、代詞、助動詞、固定搭配等有提示詞一般考查：謂語動詞、非謂語動詞、形容詞、副詞、名詞等。具體策略：(一)、給出動詞基本形態(tài)，填寫詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化(轉(zhuǎn)為名詞、形容詞)，或填寫謂語部分，或是填寫非謂語動詞；(二)、給出詞語，詞性的變化，如名詞、動詞、形容詞、副詞之間的轉(zhuǎn)化，名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，給出形容詞，需要填寫比較級、最高級，或詞性詞形轉(zhuǎn)化，轉(zhuǎn)化為副詞，或是填寫反義詞(前綴)；(三)、給出副詞，填寫比較級、最高級，或是填寫反義詞；(四)、不給詞語填寫限定詞的時候，很可能是填冠詞、人稱代詞主格賓格形式，物主代詞、反身代詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式。形容詞性物主代詞或some、any、other、another等限定詞；有的名詞前有限定詞，比如：序數(shù)詞，形容詞的最高級等，其前用定冠詞。高考英語語法填空不給提示詞范例：例：【2015課標(biāo)II】

TheadobedwellingsbuiltbythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven______mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.答案與分析：the。這里名詞由形容詞的最高級修飾，因此用定冠詞。例：【2015廣東】Heowned______farm,whichlookedalmostabandoned.答案與分析：a。名詞farm前應(yīng)該有冠詞，因為在文章中第一次出現(xiàn)，所以用不定冠詞。例：【2010廣東】

Afterthestudentleft,theteacherlet______studenttastethewater.答案與分析：another。上文談到一個學(xué)生讓老師品嘗他從沙漠里帶了來的泉水，當(dāng)那個學(xué)生離開后，老師讓另一個學(xué)生品嘗這泉水的味道。根據(jù)語境這里填寫限定詞another。例：【2014廣東】

Lastyear,mybrotherandIwenttoMiamiforavacation.Someofmyfriendswhohadbeentherebeforesaid______wasawonderfulholidaydestination.答案與分析：it。第二個句子中的賓語從句缺主語，這里it代替前文提到過的Miami。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway______carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.答案與分析：by。這里的car不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，可以看出其前面應(yīng)該填寫介詞，這里的介詞短語作狀語。例：【2014課標(biāo)II】

Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,______someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.答案與分析：and。“Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop”是個完整的句子，“someofthemlookedveryanxiousanddisappointed.”也是個完整的句子，兩句之間是并列關(guān)系。例：【2012廣東】

______hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.答案與分析：Although/Though。這里有兩個句子，“______hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback”和“hewaswrong.”，且兩個句子之間沒有分號或句號，根據(jù)句意可知，第一個句子是讓步狀語從句。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】Asnaturalarchitects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly______thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案與分析：how。因為“...thePuebloIndiansfiguredout”和“...theadobewallsneededtobe...”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個句子，它們之間沒有句號或分號，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞how。例：【2014廣東】

Ididn’tunderstand______thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.答案與分析：why?！癐didn’tunderstand”和“thiswouldhappenandmycreditcardhadalreadybeenchargedforthereservation.”是兩套主謂關(guān)系，即兩個句子，它們之間沒有句號或分號，空格處必定是填連詞；根據(jù)句意，確定填寫連詞why。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver______arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinesepaintings.答案與分析：that/which。這里有兩套主謂關(guān)系，“I’dskippednearbyGuilin...”和“arepictured...”，

兩句之間沒有句號或分號，空格處必定是填連詞或關(guān)系詞；根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)，第二個句子少主語，先行詞是Guilin，根據(jù)定語從句中關(guān)系詞的使用規(guī)則，這里填寫that/which。例：【2013廣東】

Hissonlookedsurprised,“IcanunderstandwhyIshouldn’tpaytoomuch,Father,butifIcanpayless,notsaveabitofmoney?”答案與分析：why。上文談到父親讓兒子去買鹽，告訴兒子付錢的時候不可以多付。也不可以少付。兒子不解地問：“如果我能少付錢的話，為什么我不省點錢呢？”例：【2014課標(biāo)II】Thenthedriverstoodupandasked,“_______anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”答案與分析：Did。根據(jù)本句中l(wèi)aststop可知，句子的時態(tài)應(yīng)該是過去時態(tài)，因此一般疑問句的助動詞是did。總之，以上講解了語法填空題的部分微技能，例題都來自于高考真題，具有代表性。無論試題如何變化，萬變不離其宗，只要牢固掌握英語的語法和詞匯知識，就一定能做好語法填空題中的純空格填空題。無提示詞語練習(xí)1.Inthebeginning,therewasonly__24__verysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld...分析：空格處應(yīng)為冠詞a。2．Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960－1279)wasveryanxioustohelp______ricecropgrowupquickly.分析：故填形容詞性物主代詞his。Thenewboylookedattheteacher__23__afewseconds...分析：afewseconds前是空格，且afewseconds不作主語或表語，也不作動詞的賓語。表示某個動詞或狀態(tài)延續(xù)了多久，用“for＋時間段”。故此題應(yīng)填介詞for。3....whoshouldhavethehonourofreceivingme______aguestintheirhouse.分析：因為aguest在句中不作主語、表語或動詞的賓語，前面一定是填介詞，使其成為該介詞的賓語；又由句意可知，他們“把我當(dāng)作客人”來接待，表示“當(dāng)作”，用介詞as。4.Thenhetook__25__off,gaveabigsmileandsaid,“That’scool.”分析：代替前面的thoseglasses，作tookoff的賓語，用人稱代詞的賓格them。5.IcansendamessagetoKenyawheneverIwantto,and______getstherealmostinasecond.分析：and連接前后兩個句子，and后面的句子缺主語，應(yīng)填名詞或代詞；結(jié)合前一分句，不難推知，“馬上可到達(dá)那里”的是themessage，替代themessage用代詞it。6.__20__hethoughthecouldescapeattentionbysittingattheback,hewaswrong.分析：因為hethought...與hewaswrong是兩個句子，且兩者之間沒有關(guān)聯(lián)詞，必定是填關(guān)聯(lián)詞；根據(jù)兩句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，應(yīng)填表示假設(shè)的If“如果”。7.Nick’sguests,__20__hadheardtheirconversation,askedwhythey...分析：who引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，先行詞是前面整個句子。高考英語語法填空有提示詞范例：例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiverthatarepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese______(painting).答案與分析：paintings。該詞前面有限定詞many，因此用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：【2014課標(biāo)I】

Whilethereareamazingstoriesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe

______(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.

答案與分析：changes。該詞后面的動詞是復(fù)數(shù)形式，因此change用復(fù)數(shù)形式。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris______(clean)thanever.答案與分析：cleaner。根據(jù)后面比較級的標(biāo)志詞than，這里應(yīng)該使用比較級。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir______(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithoutusingelectricequipment.答案與分析：ability。their后接名詞。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】

As______(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactlyhowthicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.答案與分析：natural。名詞前用形容詞修飾。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】

Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat______(slow)duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.答案與分析：slowly。這里需要副詞修飾動詞短語giveout。例.【2014課標(biāo)I】Justbe______(patience).答案與分析：patient。這里應(yīng)該是形容詞作表語。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】

Thiscycle______(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandarethusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.答案與分析：

goes。根據(jù)句中的時間狀語dayafterday和后面的句子中使用的時態(tài)，可以確定該動詞用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)形式，主語是單數(shù)，因此動詞用數(shù)三人稱單數(shù)形式。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

ItwasraininglightlywhenI______(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.答案與分析：arrived。所給動詞arrive前是代詞I，這里應(yīng)該是謂語動詞，因為主句的時態(tài)是過去時態(tài)，因此這里用過去時態(tài)。例：【2015課標(biāo)II】

Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday;atthesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.答案與分析：tocool。句子“thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough______(cool)thehouseduringthehotday”中的謂語動詞havegivenup和are并列，所給動詞前面沒有其他連詞，cool表示結(jié)果，因此用tocool。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysitregularlyarrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople______(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.答案與分析：living。live與前面的people不能形成主謂關(guān)系，又因為live與people的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞living作定語，修飾中心詞people。例：【2015課標(biāo)I】

Astudyoftravelers______(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.答案與分析：conducted。因為這個句子里有謂語動詞names，所給動詞不是names的并列謂語，它與前面名詞的關(guān)系是被動關(guān)系，因此用過去分詞作定語。例：【2010廣東】

Hespititout,______(say)itwasawful.答案與分析：saying。在這里

say前沒有并列連詞，因此可以推斷不是并列謂語，是非謂語動詞，又因為say與主語he的關(guān)系是主動關(guān)系，因此用現(xiàn)在分詞。參考練習(xí)一、考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換1.Hemustbe(mental)disabled.2.Histeachertookadeepdrink,smiled(warm),andthankedhisstudentverymuchforthesweetwater.3.Wedranktogetherandtalked(merry)tillfarintothenight.4.OneSundaymorninginAugustIwenttoalocalmusicalfestival.IleftitearlybecauseIhadanappointment(late)thatday.5.Thisproverbissayingwehavetoletthingsgointheir(nature)course.6.ButJaneknewfrompastexperiencethather(choose)oftieshardlyeverpleasedherfather.7.Maryfelt(please),becausethereweremanyemptyseatsintheroom.8.“Thatwouldbeavery(reason)thingtodoinabigcity,butitcoulddestroyasmallvillagelikeours,”Nicksaid.9.“Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t(possible)destroyavillage.”參考答案1.mentally2.warmly3.merrily4.later5.natural6.choice7.pleased8.reasonable9.possibly二、考查非謂語動詞1.Hespititout,(say)itwasawful.2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman(sit)atthefront.3.Hesuddenlyappearedinclassoneday,(wear)sunglasses.4.“Inthebeginning,therewasonlyaverysmallamountofunfairnessintheworld,buteveryoneaddedalittle,always(think)thatitwasonlysmallandnotveryimportant,andlookwherewehaveendeduptoday.”5.Whileshewasgettingme(settle)intoatinybutcleanroom,theheadofthevillagewastyinguphishorsetomycartopullittoasmalltownsome20kilometersawaywheretherewasagarage.6.Forexample,theproverb,“pluckingupacrop(help)itgrow”,isbasedonthefollowingstory.7.Shewishedthathewasaseasy(please)ashermother,whowasalwaysdelightedwithperfume.參考答案1-7sayingsittingwearingthinkingsettledtohelptoplease三、考查謂語動詞時態(tài)及語態(tài)1.Thesunwassettingwhenmycar(break)downneararemoteandpoorvillage. 2.Besides,shoppingatthistimeoftheyearwasnotapleasantexperience:peoplesteppedonyourfeetor(push)youwiththeirelbows(肘部),hurryingaheadtogettoabargain.3.Hewalkedinasifhe(buy)theschool. 4.Hermotherwasexcited.“Yourfatherhasatlastdecidedtostopsmoking,”Jane____(inform).5.Suddenly,he(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.參考答案1-5brokenpushedhadboughtwasinformedfound四、考查形容詞或副詞的比較級1.Theteacherreplied,“Youtastedthewater.Itastedthegift.Thewaterwassimplythecontainerforanactofkindnessandlove.Nothingcouldbe(sweet).”2.Hewasverytiredafterdoingthisforawholeday,buthefeltveryhappysincethecropdid“grow”(high). 3.Itmighthavemadeitalittle(hard)foreverybodybecauseitmeanttheyhadtoturnaround,butthatdidn’tstopthekidsintheclass. 參考答案1-3sweeterhigherharder（2015年新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空真題）閱讀下面材料,用不多于1個單詞的正確形式填空。YangshuoItwasraininglightlywhenI61.__________(arrive)inYangshuojustbeforedawn.ButIdidn’tcare.Afewhours62.__________,I’dbeenathomeinHongKong,with63.__________(it)chokingsmog.Here,theairwascleanandfresh,evenwiththerain.I’dskippednearbyGuilin,adreamplacefortouristsseekingthelimestonemountaintopsanddarkwatersoftheLiRiver64.__________arepicturedbyartistsinsomanyChinese65.__________(painting).Instead,I‘dheadstraightforYangshuo.ForthosewhoflytoGuilin,it’sonlyanhouraway66.__________carandoffersallthesceneryofthebetter-knowncity.Yangshuo67.__________(be)reallybeautiful.Astudyoftravelers68.__________(conduct)bythewebsiteTripAdvisornamesYangshuoasoneofthetop10destinationsintheworld.AndthetownisfastbecomingapopularweekenddestinationforpeopleinAsia.Abercrombie&Kent,atravelcompanyinHongKong,saysit69.__________(regular)arrangesquickgetawayshereforpeople70.__________(live)inShanghaiandHongKong.2015年新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷語法填空答案61.arrived62.before/earlier63.its64.that/which65.paintings66.by67.is68.conducted69.regularly70.living（2015年新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空真題2015全國二卷）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（1個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Theadobedwellings(土坯房）__61__(build)bythePuebloIndiansoftheAmericanSouthwestareadmiredbyeven__62__mostmodernofarchitectsandengineers.Inadditiontotheirsimplebeauty,whatmakestheadobedwellingsadmirableistheir__63___(able)to“aircondition”ahousewithout__64__（use）electricequipment.Wallsmadeofadobetakeintheheatfromthesunonhotdaysandgiveoutthatheat__65___（slow）duringcoolnights,thuswarmingthehouse.Whenanewdaybreaks,thewallshavegivenuptheirheatandarenowcoldenough__66_(cool)thehouseduringthehotday:_67__thesametime,theywarmupagainforthenight.Thiscycle__68__(go)dayafterday:Thewallswarmupduringthedayandcooloffduringthenightandthusalwaysatimelyoffset(抵消)fortheoutsidetemperatures.As__69__(nature)architects,thePuebloIndiansfiguredoutexactly_70__thicktheadobewallsneededtobetomakethecycleworkonmostdays.2015年新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空真題語法填空參考答案61.built參考解析：過去分詞做定語62.the參考解析：最高級前加the63.ability參考解析：their后接名詞，able名詞形式ability.64.using參考解析：介詞后接動名詞65.slowly參考解析：副詞修飾動詞giveout.66.tocool參考解析：形容詞加enough后接不定式。67.at參考解析：atthesametime68.goes參考解析：根據(jù)上下文，此處用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)。69.natural參考解析：形容詞做定語修飾名詞。70.how參考解析：根據(jù)句意，應(yīng)用how連接賓語從句。2014年最新真題（2014年新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷）第二節(jié)閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Areyoufacingasituationthatlooksimpossibletofix？In1969,thepollutionwasterriblealongtheCuyahogaRivernearCleveland,Buttheriverwasn’tchangedinafewdays64__________evenafewmonths.Ittookyearsofwork65__________(reduce)theindustrialpollutionandcleanthewater.Finally,thathardworkpaidoffandnowthewaterintheriveris66__________(clean)thanever.Maybeyouarefacinganimpossiblesituation.Maybeyouhaveahabit67_____________isdrivingyourfamilycrazy.Possiblyyoudrinktoomuchordon’tknowhowtocontrolyourcreditcarduse.Whenyoufacesuchanimpossiblesituation,don’tyouwantaquickfixandsomethingtochangeimmediately?Whilethereare68______________(amaze)storiesofinstanttransformation,formostofusthe69______________(change)aregradualandrequirealotofeffortandwork,likecleaningupapollutedriver.Justbe70______________(patience).（2014年新課標(biāo)=1\*ROMANI卷參考答案）61.happened62.when63.gone64.earlier65.making66.Anyway/Besides67.it68.the69.must70.mind/memory（2014年新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空真題）第二節(jié)閱讀下列材料，在空白處填入適當(dāng)?shù)膬?nèi)容（不多于3個單詞）或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Onemorning,Iwaswaitingatthebusstop,worriedabout61_____________(be)lateforschool.Thereweremanypeoplewaitingatthebusstop,62_______________someofthemlookedveryanxiousand63_______________(disappoint).Whenthebusfinallycame,weallhurriedonboard.Igotaplacenext64_______________thewindow,soIhadagoodviewofthesidewalk.Aboyonabike65_____________(catch)myattention.Hewasridingbesidethebusandwavinghisarms.Iheardapassengerbehindmeshoutingtothedriver,butherefused66________________(stop)untilwereachedthenextstop.Still,theboykept67______________(ride).Hewascarryingsomethingoverhisshoulderandshouting.Finally,whenwecametothenextstop,theboyranuptothedoorofthebus.Iheardanexcitedconversation.Thenthedriverstoopupandasked,“68________________anyoneloseasuitcaseatthelaststop?”Awomanonthebusshouted,“Ohdear！Itis69________________（I）”.Shepushedherwaytothedriverandtothelittleboy.Everyoneonthebusbegantalkingaboutwhattheboyhaddone.Andthepassengers70_____________（sudden）becamefriendlytooneanother.2014年新課標(biāo)=2\*ROMANII卷語法填空真題參考答案：was；actually；the；or；toreduce；cleaner；that/which；amazing；changes；patient.being;and;disappointed;to;caught;tostop;riding;Did;me/mine;suddenly.【例1】對話體（2014年新課標(biāo)全國卷《考試說明》樣題）Mum:(puttingonhercoat)I'mgoingtohavetogodowntotheshopformorebread.Alan:Why?Mum:I'mnotsurewhat1(happen).Imadesomesandwichesearlierandleftthemonthetable