【高考英語】備戰(zhàn)高考易錯題（新高考專用）易錯點(diǎn)17 閱讀理解：主旨大意題（大陷阱）含答案及解析

易錯點(diǎn)17閱讀理解主旨大意題目錄01易錯陷阱（3大陷阱）02舉一反三【易錯點(diǎn)提醒一】標(biāo)題類易混易錯點(diǎn)【易錯點(diǎn)提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯點(diǎn)【易錯點(diǎn)提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯點(diǎn)03易錯題通關(guān)易錯陷阱1：標(biāo)題類易混易錯點(diǎn)?！痉治觥繕?biāo)題類是對中心思想的加工和提煉，可以是單詞、短語、也可以是句子。她的特點(diǎn)是短小精悍，多為短語；涵蓋性、精確性強(qiáng)；不能隨意改變語言表達(dá)的程度和色彩。如果是短語類選項(xiàng)，考生容易混淆重點(diǎn)，此時應(yīng)當(dāng)先劃出選項(xiàng)的關(guān)鍵詞。此類題和文章的中心主題句有很大關(guān)系。中心主題句一般出現(xiàn)在第一段，有時第一段也可能引出話題，此時應(yīng)當(dāng)重點(diǎn)關(guān)注第二段和最后一段，看看是否會出現(xiàn)首尾呼應(yīng)。易錯陷阱2：段落大意類易混易錯點(diǎn)?！痉治觥棵總€段落都有一個中心思想，通常會在段落的第一句或最后一句體現(xiàn)，這就是段落主題句。如果沒有明顯的主題句時，應(yīng)當(dāng)根據(jù)段落內(nèi)容概括處段落大意。有時考生還會找錯文章對應(yīng)位置，盲目選詞文中相同的詞句，而出現(xiàn)文不對題的現(xiàn)象。易錯陷阱3：文章大意類易混易錯點(diǎn)?！痉治觥看_定文章主旨的方法是：先看首尾段或各段開頭再看全文找主題句，若無明顯主題句，就通過關(guān)鍵詞句來概括。如，議論文中尋找表達(dá)作者觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度的詞語，記敘文中尋找概括情節(jié)和中心的動詞或反映人物特點(diǎn)的形容詞。文中出現(xiàn)不同觀點(diǎn)時，要牢記作者的觀點(diǎn)彩色體現(xiàn)全文中心的。此時，要注意轉(zhuǎn)折詞，如：but,however,yet,inspiteof,onthecontrary等?！疽族e點(diǎn)提醒一】標(biāo)題類易混易錯點(diǎn)【例1】（浙江省義烏五校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題）Thescientist’sjobistofigureouthowtheworldworks,to“torture(拷問)”Naturetorevealhersecrets,asthe17thcenturyphilosopherFrancisBacondescribedit.Butwhoarethesepeopleinthelabcoats(orsportsjackets,orT-shirtsandjeans)andhowdotheywork?Itturnsoutthatthereisagooddealofmysterysurroundingthemystery-solvers.“Oneofthegreatestmysteriesisthequestionofwhatitisabouthumanbeings—brains,education,cultureetc.thatmakesthemcapableofdoingscienceatall,”saidColinAllen,acognitivescientistatIndianaUniversity.Twovitalingredientsseemtobenecessarytomakeascientist:thecuriositytoseekoutmysteriesandthecreativitytosolvethem.“Scientistsexhibitaheightenedlevelofcuriosity,”readsa2007reportonscientificcreativity.“Theygofurtheranddeeperintobasicquestionsshowingapassionforknowledgeforitsownsake.”MaxPlanck,oneofthefathersofquantumphysics,oncesaid,thescientist“musthaveavividandintuitiveimagination,fornewideasarenotgeneratedbydeduction(推論),butbyanartisticallycreativeimagination.”......ongasourbesttechnologyforseeinginsidethebrainrequiressubjectstolienearlymotionlesswhilesurroundedbyagiantmagnet,we’reonlygoingtomakelimitedprogressonthesequestions,”Allensaid.Whatisasuitabletitleforthetext?WhoAreTheMystery-solvers B．ScientistsAreNotBornButMadeC．GreatMystery:WhatMakesAScientist D．SolvingMysteries:InsideAScientist'sMind【變式1】（山東省曲阜師范大學(xué)附屬中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年質(zhì)量檢測）Perhapsyouthinkyoucouldeasilyaddtoyourhappinesswithmoremoney.Strangeasitmayseem,ifyou'reunsatisfied,theissueisnotalackofmeanstomeetyourdesiresbutalackofdesires—notthatyoucannotsatisfyyourtastesbutthatyoudon'thaveenoughtastes.

Realrichesconsistofwell-developedandheartycapacities(能力)toenjoylife.Mostpeoplearealreadyswamped(淹沒)withthings.Theyeat,wear,goandtalktoomuch.Theyliveintoobigahousewithtoomanyrooms,yettheirhouseoflifeisahut.

Yourhouseoflifeoughttobeamansion(豪宅),aroyalpalace.Everynewtaste,everyadditionalinterest,everyfreshenthusiasmaddsaroom.Hereareseveralroomsyourhouseoflifeshouldhave.

Artshouldbeadesireforyoutodevelopsimplybecausetheworldisfullofbeautifulthings.Ifyouonlyunderstoodhowtoenjoythemandfeedyourspiritonthem,theywouldmakeyouashappyastofindplentyofhamburgersandeggswhenyou'rehungry.

Literature,classicliterature,isabeautiful,richlyfurnishedroomwhereyoumightfindmanyanhourofrestandrefreshment.Togainthatlovewouldgotowardmakingyouarichperson,forarichpersonisnotsomeonewhohasalibrarybutwholikesalibrary.

MusiclikeMozart'sandBach'sshouldn'tbeabsent.Realrichesareofthespirit.Andwhenyou'vebroughtthatspirituptowhereclassicalmusicfeedsitandmakesyoualittledrunk,youhaveincreasedyourthrillsandbetteredthem.Andlifeisamatterofthrills.

Sports,withoutwhichyouremainpoor,meanalotinlife.Nomatterwhoyouare,youwouldbemorehuman,andyourhouseoflifewouldbebettersupportedagainstthebaddays,ifyoucould,anddid,playedabit.

Whateverroomsyoumightaddtoyourhouseoflife,thesecretofenjoyinglifeistokeepadding.Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?A．HouseofLife B．SecretofWealthC．RestandRefreshment D．InterestandEnthusiasm【變式2】（安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟2023年高三聯(lián)考）Well,topickupwhereweleftofflasttime.I’mcertainthatyouknowalltoowellthedangershidingontheWorldWideWeb.Andwhetherit’sforschoolwork,entertainment,orjustsocializingwithfriends,theInternetwillsurelybeamajorpartofyourchild’slife.So,it’simportanttosecuretheironlinestays.It’snottheeasiestthing,butkeepingopenlinesofcommunicationisprimary.Letthemknowtheycansharetheironlineactivitieswithyou.Talktothemabouttheironlinepresenceasearlyaspossible,ideallybeforetheybegintouseemail,socialmedia,orasmartphone.Discusswhattheyfindinterestingonlineandlearningfromthemaboutpopularwebsitesandapps;thiswillcreateunderstandingandallowyoutoidentifypotentialrisks.Next,monitorwithoutspying.Mostkidslearntounderstandboundaries,likerespectingothers’personalspace,ornotopeningthecookiejarwithoutasking.Internetuseisnodifferent.It’shelpfulforkidstohavegroundrulesastowhichwebsitestheycanvisit,whichappstheycanuse,andwhattheycanshareonline.Remindthemthatiftheyfeeluneasywithanythingthatoccursonline,theyneedtoalertanadultimmediately.......Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?A．WhatIsHiddenontheNet? B．HowtoMakeOnlineStays?C．BeaSmarterInternetUser D．KeepYourKidsSafeOnline【變式3】（福建省泉州科技中學(xué)2023年高三試題）Stuckinsidehisroomatanassistedlivingcenter,BobColemanknewhecouldnotgooutinpublicwiththeepidemic(疫).Buthewasnotcutofffromoutside:hesharedhisloveforcountrymusicovertheInternet.“Hello,everybody.It’sabrightdayinTennessee,”hesaidintohismicrophone.“ThisisBobColeman,comingtoyoufromRoom3325…”.

ThenColemanbegantoplaythemusicheloves-hitsfromcountrymusicstars.The88-year-oldcarefullychooseseachsong.ColemanandseveralotherretireeshaveturnedintoDJs(流行音樂播音員),foranewonlineradiohourknownas“RadioRecliner.”AmarketingcompanycalledLuckiecameupwiththeideaofRadioRecliner.Listenerscansendsongrequestsinhonoroffamilyorfriends.Forexample,listenersmighthearamessagelikethis:“Hey,Granny.ThisisyourfavoritegranddaughterAmy.Wejustwantedtocallinandsayweloveyou.”The60-minuteshowstartedwithretireesinmiddleTennessee.Ithassinceexpanded,withresidentsofassisted-livingcentersinotherstatestakingpartintheproject.ManyjumpedatthechancetoworkasaDJtoeasethelonelinessofsocialdistancingrules.MitchBennettservesasLuckie’schiefcreativeofficer.Hesaystheideawastoprovideasenseofcommunitytoolderpeople.“Forthisgeneration,radiowastheoriginalsocialmedia,”Bennettsaid,“Dedicatingasongtosomeoneyouloveandhavingthemhearitalongwitheveryoneelseisaspecialwayofconnecting.”InGeorgia,80-year-oldEdRosenblatt,whohadmadefullpreparationsforhisshow,saidanhourhespentplayingsongsonRadioReclinerresultedinafloodoftextmessages,emailsandcallsfromfamilyandfriends,andmanyofthemessageswerefrompeoplehehadnotheardfromforyears.What’sthebesttitleforthetext?A．OlderAdultsNeedMoreCareDuringtheEpidemicB．OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,TurnIntoDJsC．OlderAdultsWereBusyWithMusicDuringtheEpidemicD．OlderAdults,StuckbytheEpidemic,ShowMusicTalents【易錯點(diǎn)提醒二】段落大意類易混易錯點(diǎn)【例2】（江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2023年高三期中試題）AsakidgrowingupinasuburbofLondon.Ilovedtogolookingfortheperfectparkbench.SomeSundaymornings,mydadcouldbepersuadedtodrivetonewparks.We’dhaveakick-aroundwithasoccerball,shareabagofDoritosandcheckoutallthebenchesinthearea,readingthewordsonthem.Thegoodparkbenchleavesmeinastate,somewherebetweennostalgia(懷舊)andeageranticipation.WhereonceIwasexcitedbythewordscarvedonwood,Inowfind,asa10-year-old,thatI’mmoreappreciativeofeachbench’squietstoicism(坦然淡定),thewaytheyarewillingtowaitouttheirturnineveryweather,remainingavailabletoall-comers.Likeagoodbookorpieceofmusic,aparkbenchallowsforasenseofsolitude(獨(dú)處)andcommunityatthesametime,whichiscrucialtolifeinagreatcity.Partofmyobsessionwithparkbenchesisasspaceswherehistorysettles.Byplantingseedsofcuriosity,andmakingspaceforreflection,parkbenchesbecomedoorstothepast.Maybethat’sthegreatestpoweroftheparkbench:itscapacityencouragestheartofobservation.Agoodbenchcatchesusinourquietest,mostvulnerable(脆弱的)moments,whenwemaybeopentoimaginingnewnarrativesandrevisitingoldones.Ourmasksaretakenoff,hungfromthebench’swroughtiron.Onothernearbybenches,babiesarebeingburped.Glancesexchanged.Sandwicheseaten.Newspapersreadit.......Whichaspectofparkbenchesdoesparagraph3focuson?A．Design. B．History. C．Location. D．Power.【變式1】（重慶市第八中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高考適應(yīng)性試題）TheYurokpeoplehavelivedalongtheKlamathRiver,whichflowsfromtheCascadesinOregonsouthwestthroughNorthernCalifornia,forthousandsofyears,protectingtheregionandriverfromwhichthey—andothers—drawsustenance(生計(jì)).Butasdevelopmentandpollutioncontinuetoreducethenumberoffishintheriverandthequantityandqualityofitswaters,theYurokTribeislegalizing(合法化)thetribe’slongstandingcarebygrantingtheRightsofPersonhoodtotheKlamath,thefirstriverinNorthAmericatohavesuchrightsdeclared.......Whatisparagraph2mainlyabout?A．Theprocessoflegalization. B．ThetraditionofYuroktribe.C．Thereasonbehindthelegalization. D．TheimportanceoftheKlamathRiver.【變式2】（江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月大聯(lián)考）Theterm“beergoggles”issaidtohavebeencoinedbymaleNorthAmericanuniversitystudentsinthe1980s.Yetdespiteunconfirmedevidenceforthephenomenon,thelinkbetweenalcoholintoxication(醉酒)andphysicalattractionhasnotbeensystematicallystudied.ProfBowdringoftheUniversityofPittsburghinvited18pairsofmalefriendsintothelaboratorytoratetheattractivenessofmenandwomentheyviewedinphotosandvideos.Ononeoccasion,bothmenweregivenenoughcranberryjuicetoraisetheirbloodalcoholconcentrationtoabout0.08%-thelegallimitfordrivinginEngland—andontheotheroccasion,theybothreceivedanon-alcoholicdrink.Afterprovidingattractivenessratingsforthephotos,theywereaskedtoselectwhichoftheseindividualstheywouldmostliketointeractwithinafutureexperiment.......Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Thecomparisonoftwoexperiments.B．TheprocessofBowdring’sexperiment.C．Theunderlyinglogicofbeergoggleseffect.D．Themethodsofappreciatingattractiveness.【變式3】（廣東省珠海市第三中學(xué)2023年高三試題）......Inmytwenties,whenIwasalmostconstantlyinastateofanxiety,Ineverwentonholiday.Iwasscaredofflying,scaredofmybossnoticinghowmuchnicerlifewaswithoutmeintheoffice.Ithoughtnotgoingonholidaymademeaharderworker,whenactuallyitjustmademeamoretiredone.Then,abosspulledmeasidetotellmethathewasn’tgoingtothankmefornottakingmyholidays.Ithenbookedacheapbeachholidaywithafriend,andwasgenuinelyamazedtofindIfeltmuchbetterforit.......Whatisparagraph4mainlyabout?A．Thebenefittheauthorobtainedfromtravelling.B．Thesourceoftheauthor’sstressduringofficehours.C．Thechangeoftheauthor’sattitudetotakingholidays.D．Thereasonwhytheauthortriedtobeaharderworker.【易錯點(diǎn)提醒三】文章大意類易混易錯點(diǎn)【例3】（江蘇省徐州市第七中學(xué)2023年高三期中試題）Newbio-plasticsarebeingmadeinlaboratoriesfromstraw,woodchipsandfoodwaste,withresearchersaimingtoreplaceoilasthesourceoftheworld’splastic.Thenewapproachesincludegeneticallymodifyingbacteriatoeatwoodandproduceusefulchemicals.Butthebio-plasticsarecurrentlysignificantlymoreexpensivetomakethanfossilfuel-basedplastics.Landandseasaroundtheworld,fromhighmountainstodeepoceans,havebecomepollutedwithplastic,promptingmajorpublicconcern.Theworldhasproduced8bntonsofplasticsincethe1950sanddemandisstillrising.Whilesomewasteplasticisrecycled,muchofitisburnttoproduceelectricity,resultingincarbonemissionsthatdriveclimatechange.Incontrasttoplasticmadefromoil,plasticsmadefromplant-basedmaterialsonlyreleasethecarbontheplantsabsorbedfromtheairastheygrew.Bio-plasticswillalsogivemoreoptionsforproductsthatbiodegrade(生物降解)intheenvironment,althoughtheycanbemadeverylong-lastingifrequired.“Plasticsareanincredibleenhancementtoourdailylives,”saidPaulMines,CEOofBiomeTechnologiesintheUK,whichhasspentt5minthelastfiveyearsonbio-plasticsresearch.“Butwecan’tgoonusingfossilfuel-basedmaterials.About6-7%ofeverybarrel(桶)ofoilisusedtomakeplastics.”“Usingplantmaterialsisfeasible,”saidprofessorSimon,attheUniversityofYork.“Replacinghalfofthenation’splasticbottlescouldbedoneusingjust3%ofthesugarbeetcrop,5%ofwheatstrawor2.5%offoodwaste,”hesaid.Currently,justafewthousandtonsofbio-plasticareusedintheUKeachyear,comparedtomillionsoftonsofconventionalplastic.Minessaidthiscouldrisetoabout20,000tonsinthenextfiveyears.......Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Plasticsarcnecessaryindailylife. B．Oilisthesourceoftheworld’splastic.C．Bioplasticmakingisapromisingindustry. D．Scientistsareresearchingbioplasticmaking.【變式1】（福建省福州高級中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月試題）AtrialprojectbytheMontrealChildren’sHospitalsuggestedthattheuseofmedicalhypnosis(催眠)canreducepainandanxietyinpatients.Theprojectalsoresultedinareductionintheamountofmedicinesusedtoperformmedical-imagingimaging(醫(yī)學(xué)影像)procedures.“Duringtheexaminationchildrendon’tmove.Itworksperfectly.It’samazing,”saidJohanneL’Ecuyer,amedical-imagingtechnologistatthehospital.TheprojectwasinspiredbyaFrenchteamfromRouenUniversityHospitalCentrewhereexaminationsaredoneunderhypnosisinsteadofgeneralanesthesia(麻醉).AFrenchmedical-imagingtechnologist-alsoahypnotist-wasinvitedtotrainafewmembersinthemedical-imagingdepartmentofthechildren’shospital.Inall,80examinationswereconductedfortheprojectbetweenJanuaryandSeptember,2019,focusingontheimagingproceduresthatwouldcauseanxiety.......Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Aneasywaytocommunicatewithpatients.B．Thestandardmethodofconductinghypnosis.C．Anintroductionofmedical-imagingtechnology.D．Theuseofhypnosisinmedical-imagingprocedures.【變式2】（2023年全國高三專練）Inpreviousrecessions(經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退),billionaireswerehitalongwiththerestofus;ittookalmostthreeyearsforForbes’s400richestpeopletorecoverfromlossescausedin2008’sGreatRecession.Butinthecoronavirusrecessionof2020,mostbillionaireshavegottenricherthaneverbefore.BillionairesincreasedtheirnewbillionsjustasmillionsofotherAmericansranintoterriblefinancialproblems.Morethan20millionpeoplelosttheirjobsatthestartofthepandemic.Foodbanksacrossthecountryarepreparingforanothergreatincreaseindemand.WhyareAmericanbillionairesdoingsowellwhilesomanyotherAmericanssuffer?Peoplemayfindpartofthereasonsfromthefollowingfact.Stocks(股票)areoverwhelminglyownedbythewealthy,andthestockmarkethasrecoveredfromitsearly-pandemicdepthsmuchmorequicklythanotherpartsoftheeconomy.......Whatdoestheauthormainlytellusinthepassage?A．FoodbanksarenotenoughintheUnitedStates.B．Therichestkeptgettingrichereveninthepandemic.C．Thestockmarketrecoveredbeforethepandemicstarted.D．400richestpeoplerecoveredfromlossesinthepandemic.【變式3】（2022年江蘇高三?？迹㎜ightpollutionisasignificantbutoverlookeddriveroftherapiddeclineofinsectpopulations,accordingtothemostcomprehensivereviewofthescientificevidencetodate.Artificiallightatnightcanaffecteveryaspectofinsects'lives,theresearcherssaid."Westronglybelieveartificiallightatnight—incombinationwithhabitatloss,chemicalpollution.invasive(入侵的)species,andclimatechange—isdrivinginsectdeclines,"thescientistsconcludedafterassessingmorethan150studies.Insectpopulationcollapseshavebeenreportedaroundtheworld,andthefirstglobalscientificreviewpublishedinFebruary,saidwidespreaddeclinesthreatenedtocausea"catastrophiccollapseofnature'secosystems".Therearethoughttobemillionsofinsectspecies,moststillunknowntoscience,andabouthalfareactiveatnight.Thoseactiveinthedaymayalsobedisturbedbylightatnightwhentheyareatrest.Themostfamiliarimpactoflightpollutionismoths(飛蛾)flappingaroundabulb,mistakingitforthemoon.Someinsectsusethepolarisationoflighttofindthewatertheyneedtobreed,aslightwaveslineupafterreflectingfromasmoothsurface.Butartificiallightcanscupper(使泡湯)this.Insectsareimportantprey(獵物)formanyspecies,butlightpollutioncantipthebalanceinfavourofthepredatorifittrapsinsectsaroundlights.Suchincreasesinpredationriskwerelikelytocausetherapidextinctionofaffectedspecies,theresearcherssaid.Theresearcherssaidmosthuman-causedthreatstoinsectshaveanaloguesinnature,suchasclimatechangeandinvasivespecies.Butlightpollutionisparticularlyhardforinsectstodealwith.However,unlikeotherdriversofdecline,lightpollutionisrelativelyeasytoprevent.Simplyturningofflightsthatarenotneededisthemostobviousaction,hesaid,whilemakinglightsmotion-activatedalsocutslightpollution.Shadinglightssoonlytheareaneededislitupisimportant.Itisthesamewithavoidingblue-whitelights,whichinterferewithdailyrhythms.LEDlightsalsoofferhopeastheycanbeeasilytunedtoavoidharmfulcoloursandflickerrates.Whatisdiscussedinthepassage?A．Causesofdeclininginsectpopulations.B．Consequencesofinsectpopulationcollapses.C．Lightpollution:thekeybringerofinsectdeclines.D．Insectdeclines:thedriverofthecollapsedecosystem.（2023年新高考I卷）OnMarch7,1907,theEnglishstatisticianFrancisGaltonpublishedapaperwhichillustratedwhathascometobeknownasthe“wisdomofcrowds”effect.Theexperimentofestimationheconductedshowedthatinsomecases,theaverageofalargenumberofindependentestimatescouldbequiteaccurate.Thiseffectcapitalizesonthefactthatwhenpeoplemakeerrors,thoseerrorsaren’talwaysthesame.Somepeoplewilltendtooverestimate,andsometounderestimate.Whenenoughoftheseerrorsareaveragedtogether,theycanceleachotherout,resultinginamoreaccurateestimate.Ifpeoplearesimilarandtendtomakethesameerrors,thentheirerrorswon’tcanceleachotherout.Inmoretechnicalterms,thewisdomofcrowdsrequiresthatpeople’sestimatesbeindependent.Ifforwhateverreasons,people’serrorsbecomecorrelatedordependent,theaccuracyoftheestimatewillgodown.......Whatisparagraph2ofthetextmainlyabout?A．Themethodsofestimation. B．Theunderlyinglogicoftheeffect.C．Thecausesofpeople’serrors. D．ThedesignofGalton’sexperiment.（2023年高考浙江卷）AccordingtotheSolarEnergyIndustryAssociation,thenumberofsolarpanelsinstalled(安裝)hasgrownrapidlyinthepastdecade,andithastogrowevenfastertomeetclimategoals.Butallofthatgrowthwilltakeupalotofspace,andthoughmoreandmorepeopleaccepttheconceptofsolarenergy,fewlikelargesolarpanelstobeinstallednearthem.Solardeveloperswanttoputuppanelsasquicklyandcheaplyaspossible,sotheyhaven’tgivenmuchthoughttowhattheyputunderthem.Often,they’llendupfillingtheareawithsmallstonesandusingchemicalstocontrolweeds.Theresultisthatmanycommunities,especiallyinfarmingregions,seesolarfarmsasdestroyersofthesoil.“Solarprojectsneedtobegoodneighbors,”saysJordanMacknick,theheadoftheInnovativeSitePreparationandImpactReductionsontheEnvironment(InSPIRE)project.“Theyneedtobeprotectorsofthelandandcontributetotheagriculturaleconomy.”InSPIREisinvestigatingpracticalapproachesto“l(fā)ow-impact”solardevelopment,whichfocusesonestablishingandoperatingsolarfarmsinawaythatiskindertotheland.Oneoftheeasiestlow-impactsolarstrategiesisprovidinghabitatforpollinators(傳粉昆蟲).Habitatloss,pesticideuse,andclimatechangehavecauseddramaticdeclinesinpollinatorpopulationsoverthepastcoupleofdecades,whichhasdamagedtheU.S.agriculturaleconomy.Over28stateshavepassedlawsrelatedtopollinatorhabitatprotectionandpesticideuse.Conservationorganizationsputoutpollinator-friendlinessguidelinesforhomegardens,businesses,schools,cities—andnowthereareguidelinesforsolarfarms.Overthepastfewyears,manysolarfarmdevelopershavetransformedthespaceundertheirsolarpanelsintoashelterforvariouskindsofpollinators,resultinginsoilimprovementandcarbonreduction.“Thesepollinator-friendlysolarfarmscanhaveavaluableimpactoneverythingthat’sgoingoninthelandscape,”saysMacknick.32．Whatdosolardevelopersoftenignore?A．Thedeclineinthedemandforsolarenergy.B．Thenegativeimpactofinstallingsolarpanels.C．Therisinglaborcostofbuildingsolarfarms.D．Themostrecentadvancesinsolartechnology.33．WhatdoesInSPIREaimtodo?A．Improvetheproductivityoflocalfarms.B．Inventnewmethodsforcontrollingweeds.C．Makesolarprojectsenvironmentallyfriendly.D．Promotetheuseofsolarenergyinruralareas.34．Whatisthepurposeofthelawsmentionedinparagraph4?A．Toconservepollinators. B．Torestrictsolardevelopment.C．Todiversifytheeconomy. D．Toensurethesupplyofenergy.35．Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthetext?A．Pollinators:ToLeaveortoStay B．SolarEnergy:HopefortheFutureC．InSPIRE:ALeaderinAgriculture D．SolarFarms:ANewDevelopment3.（浙江省義烏五校2023-2024學(xué)年高三聯(lián)考試題）Theconventionalwisdomaboutinsectshasbeenthattheyareunthinking,unfeelingcreatureswhosebehaviorisentirelyhardwired(天生的).Butinthe1990sresearchersbeganmakingsurprisingdiscoveriesaboutinsectminds.Somespeciesofwasps(黃蜂)recognizetheirnestmates’facesandacquireimpressivesocialskills.Forexample,theycaninferthefightingstrengthsofotherwaspsrelativetotheirownjustbywatchingotherwaspsfightamongthemselves.Giventhesubstantialworkonthecomplexityofinsectcognition(認(rèn)知),itmightseemsurprisingthatittookscientistssolongtoaskwhether,iftheyarethatsmart,couldalsobesentient,capableoffeeling.Sincewehavenodirectwindowintotheinnerworldofananimalthatcannotverballycommunicateitsthoughtsandfeelings,thequestionofwhetherinsectsaresentientremainedacademic.15yearsago,Iperformedanexperimentinwhichweaskedwhetherbumblebeescouldlearnaboutthreatfromtheirnaturalenemies.Webuiltaplasticspidermodelwithamechanismthatwouldbrieflytrapabumblebeebetweentwospongesbeforereleasingit.Thebumblebeesshowedasignificantchangeintheirbehaviorafterbeingattackedbytheroboticspider.Perhapsunsurprisingly,theylearnedtoavoidflowerswithspidersandmeticulouslyscannedeveryflowerbeforelanding.Curiously,however,theysometimesevenfledfromimaginarythreats,scanningandthenabandoningaperfectlysafe,spider-freeflower.Althoughthisincidentalobservationdidnotconstituteformalevidenceofanemotionlikestate,itdidopenthedoortotheideathatsuchstatesmightexistininsects.Someresearchsuggestedthatinsectsmighthavepositivestatesofmind.Researchersdiscoveredthatbeesactivelyseekoutdrugssuchasnicotineandcaffeinewhengiventhechoiceandeventreatthemselveswithnicotinewhensick.Malefruitfliesstressedbybeingrobbedofmatingopportunitiespreferfoodcontainingalcohol,andbeesevenshowwithdrawalsymptomswhenremovedfromanalcohol-richdiet.Whywouldinsectsconsumemind-alteringsubstancesifthereisn'tamindtoalter?Butthesesuggestivehintsofnegativeandpositivemindstatesstillfellshortofwhatwasneededtodemonstratethatinsectsaresentient.Whatdoesthetextmainlydiscuss?A．Whatinsects'variousbehaviorcanreveal.B．Howinsectscommunicatetheirthoughts.C．Whatamazingpowersinsectspossess.D．Whetherinsectsarecapableoffeeling.4.（江蘇省決勝新高考2023-2024學(xué)年高三10月大聯(lián)考）......Assumingalcoholdoesenhancethelikelihoodofapersoninteractingwithsomeonetheyfindattractive.Bowdringbelievesherfindingscouldrevealoneprocesssupportingtherewardingyetpotentiallydangerousnatureofalcohol-includingitsimpactonriskybehaviour.“Ifyou’regoingtoconsumealcohol,Ithinkitisworthreflectingonhowcanyoudoitinawaythat’ssafeandconsistentwithyourgoals,”Bowdringsaid.“Peoplemaybenefitbyrecognizingthatvaluedsocialmotivationsandintentionschangewhendrinking,inwaysthatmaybeappealingintheshorttermbutpossiblyharmfulinthelongterm.”WhatdoesBowdringmainlytalkaboutinthelastparagraph?A．Thesignificanceofherresearch.B．Reflectiononherpreviousresearch.C．Thenegativeeffectsofdrinking.D．Socialmoralityandstandards.5.（安徽省合肥市第一中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三質(zhì)檢試題）Inthelate1990s,ascientistnamedMarkBlumbergstoodinalabattheUniversityofIowawatchingafewsleepingnewlybornrats.Hefoundthatthebabyratskeptmakingsmall,sharpmovementsintheirsleep,andthattheirclosedeyesmovedfromsidetosideinaphenomenonknownasrapideyemovement(REM).Blumbergknewthattheratswerefine,becauseheknewpeopledothesameduringREMsleep.Andscientistshavelonghadanexplanationforthetwitches(抽動)andREM:Theyaredreamingabouttheirwakinglife.However,ashedugdeeper,hewonderedwhyadultratsspendonlyabouttwohoursofeachnightinREMsleep,whilebabyratsspendanunusualamountoftimeinREM,oftensleepingforsixteenhoursadayanddreamingforeight.“Ifdreamsarehintsofwakinglife,adultratswhohavemoreexperiencesshouldspendmoretimeinREMsleep.Whydobabyrats,whoseeyesarestillshut,spendsomuchtimeinREMsleepwhentheyhavetoolittletodreamabout?”hewondered.“Whydotheireyes,theirlegs,tailsandwhiskers