北京市順義區(qū)某中學(xué)2023-2024學(xué)年高三年級下冊3月月考英語試題

順義九中20232024高三下學(xué)期3月月考（英語）

一、完型（共10小題；每小題1.5分，共15分）

閱讀下面短文，掌握其大意，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在

答題卡上將該項涂黑。

Thoughnewtermhadbegunforweeks,thenewgirlMollystillremained]aroundherclassmates.

Nowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay,yetIcouldseehereyes

longingfor2.

Brianna,theclassclown,wasstandingneartheplaygroundmakingtheotherstudentslaugh,asusual.

“Brianna,Mollylooksawfully3.Wouldyouinvitehertojoinus?”Isaid.

Briannasighed.Icouldtellthatshewas4todowhatIwasaskingofher,butIalsoknewshewasso

sweetandkind.Ihadspecifically5herforthistask.Shelookedatherfriends,thenatMolly.

Knowingthischoicewas6her,IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaDbuck,ourclass

currency（貨幣）.Ineededto7hercooperation.

“Here,Fil8youforyourtime.”

Sheofferedaninsinceresmile,graspedthegreenpaper,andheadedoff.

Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.Whentheyfinallywalkedbacktogether,Isighedwith9.

Aminutelater,BriannacamebackandhandedmetheDbuck.

“Ishouldn'tkeepthis."Hereyesfelltoherfeet,10radiatingfromherquietvoice.64Idon'twant

MollytothinkIonlywenttogethersoIcouldearnaDbuck.She'smyfriend.9,

ThenBriannaskippedbacktoamuseherclassmatesagain,andwholaughedforthefirsttimethatweek?

Molly.

1.A.satisfiedB.surprisedC.awkwardD.ashamed

2.A.trustB.acceptanceC.understandingD.respect

3.A.angryB.puzzledC.seriousD.lonely

4.A.unwillingB.eagerC.determinedD.disappointed

5.A.studiedB.selectedC.supportedD.examined

6.A.fortingB.warmingC.painingD.protecting

7.A.considerB.permitC.checkD.ensure

8.A.helpB.payC.prepareD.forgive

9.A.reliefB.concernC.sorrowD.regret

10.A.excitementB.courageD.impatience

【答案】l.C2.B3.D4.A5.B6.C7.D8.B9.A10.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述作者請Brianna幫助新來的女孩Molly融入新的集體，并答應(yīng)給

Brianna班級的貨幣。Brianna與Molly聊天之后，成為了朋友，并內(nèi)疚地把班級貨幣還給了作者。

【1題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：雖然新學(xué)期已經(jīng)開始了幾個星期，但新來的女孩Molly在同學(xué)面前仍然感到

很尷尬。A.satisfied感到滿意的；B.surprised感到驚奇的；C.awkward尷尬的；D.ashamed慚愧的。根據(jù)

下文"Brianna,Mollylooksawfiilly___3___可知，新來的Molly感到很尷尬，故選C。

【2題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：她似乎不知道該做什么或說什么，但我卻看到她渴望被接納的眼睛。A.trust信

任；B.acceptance接受、接納；C.understandingSI?；D.respect尊敬。根據(jù)"Nowshewassittingatthe

picnictablealone.Sheseemedunsureofwhattodoorsay可知，Molly剛到新的班級，認(rèn)識新的同學(xué)，她不

知道做什么和說什么，無法融入新的集體，故推知Molly渴望獲得新同學(xué)的接納和認(rèn)可，故選B。

3題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Brianna,Molly一個人看起來很孤獨(dú)。A.angry生氣的；B.puzzled困惑的；

C.serious嚴(yán)肅的；D.lonely孤獨(dú)的。根據(jù)上文aNowshewassittingatthepicnictablealone.可知，Molly

獨(dú)自坐著，所以她應(yīng)該是看起來孤獨(dú)的，故選D。

【4題詳解】

考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Brianna嘆了一口氣。我看得出來，她不愿意做我要她做的事，但我也知道

她是如此的善良。A.unwilling不愿意的；B.eager渴望的；C.determined決心的；D.disappointed感到失望

的。根據(jù)上文“Briannasighed.”可知，Brianna嘆了一口氣，說明Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故選

Ao

【5題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我特意選擇了她來執(zhí)行這項任務(wù)。A.studied學(xué)習(xí)；B.selected選擇；C.

supported支持；D.examined仔細(xì)檢查。根據(jù)上文“Icouldtellthatshewas___4___todowhatIwasasking

ofher,butIalsoknewshewassosweetandkind.”可知，Brianna很善良，所以我選擇Brianna去邀請

Molly,故選B。

【6題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：知道這個選擇讓她很痛苦，我把手伸進(jìn)口袋，掏出一個Dbuck——我們班的貨

幣。A.foiling安慰；B.warming使溫暖；C.paining使苦惱；D.protecting保護(hù)。根據(jù)上文“Brianna

sighed.”可知，Brianna不愿意做我要她做的事，故推知我的請求使她感到苦惱，故選C。

【7題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我需要確保她的合作。A.consider考慮；B.permit允許；C.check檢查；D.

ensure確保。根據(jù)“IreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaDbuck,ourclasscurrency.,,可矢口，我為了讓

Brianna去邀請Molly,給Brianna班級貨幣。故推知我想確保Brianna能答應(yīng)我的請求，與我合作。故選

Do

【8題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：給你，我會為你的時間付Dbuck的。A.help幫助；B.pay支付；C.prepare準(zhǔn)

備；D.forgive原諒。根據(jù)uIreachedintomypocketandpulledoutaDbuck,ourclasscurrency.??可知，我為

了讓Brianna去邀請Molly,給Brianna班級貨幣，花班級貨幣買她的時間。故選B。

【9題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意:當(dāng)她們最后一起走回去時，我松了一口氣。A.relief寬慰、解脫；B.concern關(guān)

心；C.sorrow悲傷；D.regret后悔。根據(jù)"Iwatchedcloselyasthegirlstalked.??及“Whentheyfinally

walkedbacktogether”可知，Brianna答應(yīng)了我請求，陪Molly一起聊天然后一起走，一切都很順利。故

推知我不再擔(dān)心Molly孤單一人，所以松了口氣，故選A。

【10題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：“我不應(yīng)該保留這個。”她的目光落在腳上，內(nèi)疚從她平靜的聲音中散發(fā)出

來。A.excitement興奮；B.courage勇氣；C.guilt內(nèi)疚；D.impatience不耐煩。根據(jù)"Ishouldn'tkeep

this.”及“Hereyesfelltoherfeet”可知，Brianna認(rèn)為自己不該為了要Dbuck,才和Molly聊天，低下了

頭。通過動作描寫可知，Brianna為自己的行為感到很內(nèi)疚，故選C。

二、語法填空(共10小題；每小題L5分，共15分)

A

語法填空

Glassrecyclinghasbeesuchabigindustrythattheamountofglass11(recycle)isnotmeetingthe

demandfornewglasstobeproduced.SomestatesinU.S.haveattemptedtoresolvethissituationinhopesof

encouragingthe12(produce)ofglassoverplasticbyofferingmonetaryincentives(獎勵)forglass.For

example,Californiahasaspecialprogram13youcanearnfivecentsformostglassbottlesaswellas

plasticonesandaluminumcanslessthan24ounces.Foritemsover24ounces,youcanearn10centseach.

【答案】11.recycled

12.production

13.where

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要說明了玻璃回收已經(jīng)成為一個巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)，以至于回收的玻璃數(shù)量無

法滿足新玻璃的生產(chǎn)需求。美國的一些州試圖解決這一問題，希望通過提供金錢獎勵來鼓勵玻璃的生產(chǎn)，

而不是塑料。

【11題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：玻璃回收已經(jīng)成為一個巨大的產(chǎn)業(yè)，以至于回收的玻璃數(shù)量無法滿足新玻璃的生

產(chǎn)需求。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知recycle與邏輯主語glass構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，故用過去分詞作定語。故填

recycled。

【12題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：美國的一些州試圖解決這一問題，希望通過提供金錢獎勵來鼓勵玻璃的生產(chǎn)，而不是塑

料。作動詞的賓語，應(yīng)用名詞production,不可數(shù)。故填production。

【13題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：例如，加州有一個特殊的計劃，你可以賺5美分，大多數(shù)玻璃瓶，塑料和鋁罐少于

24盎司。定語從句修飾先行詞program,在從句作地點(diǎn)狀語，故填where。

B

語法填空

WhenMarkwasdrivingtothemartialartsgymwherehetrainsandvolunteers,hesaw14looked

likeapolicepursuit.SoonMarkrealizedtheofficerdidnothavecontrolofthesituation.Jumpingoutofhiscar,

Markidentifiedhimselfandspelledouthisintention15(make)ittwoononeintheofficer'sfavor.Then,

withtheofficer16(struggle)tocontroltheman'supperbody,Markputhisweightontheman'slegs.But

thesuspectmanagedtorolltohisright,ontohisstomach.Markimmediately17(apply)amartialmoveto

controlhisshoulderandupperbody.Afewsecondslater,thesuspectgaveout.Theofficersecuredahandcuffand

thethreatwasover.

【答案】14.what

15.tomake

16.struggling

17.applied

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。主要講述了馬克在開車途中遇到警察在追捕犯人，于是幫助警察制服嫌疑人的

故事。

【14題詳解】

考查賓語從句。句意：當(dāng)馬克開車去他訓(xùn)練和做志愿者的武術(shù)館時，他看到了警察看起來像是在追捕什

么。引導(dǎo)賓語從句，從句缺少主語，指事情應(yīng)用what。故填what。

【15題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：馬克從車?yán)锾顺鰜恚砻髁俗约旱纳矸?，并闡明了他要以二對一的方式幫助警

察的意圖。短語intentiontodosth.表示“做某事的意圖"。故填tomake。

【16題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：然后，當(dāng)警察努力控制那名男子的上半身時，馬克把他的體重壓在了那名男子的

腿上。此處為with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，officer與struggle構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)。故填struggling。

【17題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：馬克立即用一個武術(shù)動作來控制他的肩膀和上半身。結(jié)合上文可知，事情發(fā)生在過去，

用一般過去時。故填applied。

C

語法填空

IntheStates,tourismisclearlynotanenvironmentally“clean“industry.Peopledonotjustshowup,spend

18(they)moneyandleave.Instead,theyshowup,andiftheyhavemoremoneythanthelocalsdo,they

moveinandtellafriend.Somorepeopleareattracted19thisplaceandmorehomesarebuiltfor

them.Butthesehomesareoftenpricingoutthelocals.Thehospitalityindustrydoescreatejobs,butmanyof

thesejobsdon'tpayalot.Thetaxesthatefromtourism2()(use)tofixtheproblemsthattourism

causesinthefirstplace.

【答案】18.their

19.to20.areused

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了美國旅游業(yè)的特點(diǎn)以及問題。

【18題詳解】

考查代詞。句意：人們不會只是出現(xiàn)，花完錢就離開。修飾名詞money應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞their。故填

theiro

【19題詳解】

考查固定短語。句意：所以越來越多的人被吸引到這個地方，越來越多的房子為他們建造。短語be

attractedto表示"被吸引"。故填to。

[20題詳解】

考查時態(tài)語態(tài)。句意：來自旅游業(yè)的稅收首先用于解決旅游業(yè)造成的問題。主語與與謂語構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系，

且陳述事實用一般現(xiàn)在時，主語為Thetaxes,謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。故填areused。

三、閱讀理解

第一節(jié)、閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中，選出最佳選項，并在答題

卡上將該項涂黑。（共14小題；每小題2分，共28分）

A

WeletoAMDA

Yourfutureintheperformingartsdoesn'thavetobeadream.Forover50years,AMDAhaslaunchedsomeof

themostsuccessfulcareersintheatre,filmandtelevision.AMDAcreatesindustryprofessionalswhodon'tjustwait

forlifetohappen-theystagetheirowncareerpath.Nowifsyourturn.

Programdescription

AtAMDA,webelieveaperformermustperform.Fromthefirstday,you511findmanyperformance

opportunitiesinthethreecoreareasofacting,bothinandoutoftheclassroom,plusindividualvoicelessons.Over

thecourseofyourfoursemesters（學(xué)期），you511alsoimproveyourperformancetechniquethroughanintensive

curriculumthatfocusesonbothfoundationalandadvancedconceptsinacting,musicaltheatreanddance.Finally,

throughcoursesincareerpreparation,you911learnhowtoapplyallofthistrainingtoasuccessfulcareeronstage

andscreen.

Philosophyandmission

AMDAismittedtoprovidingasplendidperformingartseducationtoadiversemunityofcreativeartists.

AMDAservesasbothschoolandstage,wherestudentsaregiventhesupportandopportunitytoidentifytheirown

personalobjectivesandtodevelopandimprovetheirowndistinctiveartisticvoices.AMDAtriestocreatean

environmentforstudentstodeveloptheskills,confidence,andpowertocontributetotheirmunityasartists,

businesspeople,andhardworkingcitizensoftheworldAboveall,AMDAwantstoteachstudentsthatmitmentand

passionarethemarksofasuccessfulandjoyouscareer.

Registration

6305YuccaStreetLosAngeles

8003677908

21.Whatisthecurriculum（課程）ofAMDAabout?

A.Drawing.B.Philosophy.C.Photography.D.Performing

22.Howlongdoesthecourselast?

A.Twoyears.B.Onesemester.C.Threesemesters.D.Fouryears.

23.WhatcanstudentslearninAMDA?

A.Howtotrainaperformer.B.Howtosingbeautifully.

C.Thewaytobuildastage.D.Thewaytobeadirector.

【答案】21.D22.A23.B

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹AMDA提供表演藝術(shù)相關(guān)課程和職業(yè)準(zhǔn)備。

[21題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Forover50years,AMDAhaslaunchedsomeofthemostsuccessfulcareersin

theatre,filmandtelevision.。。多年來，AMDA在戲劇、電影和電視領(lǐng)域開創(chuàng)了一些最成功的職業(yè)生涯。）”

可知，AMDA的課程是關(guān)于表演的。故選D。

[22題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Programdescription中的“Overthecourseofyourfoursemesters（學(xué)期）,you'llalso

improveyourperformancetechniquethroughanintensivecurriculumthatfocusesonbothfoundationaland

advancedconceptsinacting,musicaltheatreanddance.（在您的四個學(xué)期的過程中，您還將通過集中在表演，

音樂劇和舞蹈的基礎(chǔ)和高級概念的強(qiáng)化課程來提高您的表演技術(shù)。）”可知，課程持續(xù)四個學(xué)期，即兩年。

故選Ao

【23題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)"Programdescription"中的“AtAMDA,webelieveaperformermustperform.Fromthe

firstday,you'llfindmanyperformanceopportunitiesinthethreecoreareasofacting,bothinandoutofthe

classroom,plusindividualvoicelessons.（在AMDA,我們相信表演者必須表演。從第一天開始，你會發(fā)現(xiàn)在

表演的三個核心領(lǐng)域有很多表演機(jī)會，無論是在教室里還是在教室外，再加上個人的聲音課。）”和

uPhilosophyandmission"中的"AMDAservesasbothschoolandstage,wherestudentsaregiventhesupport

andopportunitytoidentifytheirownpersonalobjectivesandtodevelopandimprovetheirowndistinctiveartistic

voices.（AMDA既是學(xué)校也是舞臺，在這里，學(xué)生們得到了支持和機(jī)會，以確定自己的個人目標(biāo)，并發(fā)展

和提高自己獨(dú)特的藝術(shù)聲音。）”可知，學(xué)生們在AMDA可以學(xué)到唱歌的技巧，學(xué)習(xí)怎樣唱歌唱得好聽。

故選B。

Inearly2018,1wastrainingfortheLondonMarathon-thefirstandonlymarathonIwouldeverruninmy

life.Ihadtreatedmyselftoanexpensivefitnesswatchthattrackedmytime,paceandsplits.

Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun-anexhausting21miles(34km)一Ithrewmyselfdownonthefloorthe

momentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twentyonemilesbrieflyflashedonthescreenbeforeit

wentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmylivingroomfloor

prettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.

Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstrongerandfaster.Ioncegotakick

outofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmypace,pareitwithother

people'sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognizedexercisetrackingasa

problem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoselfimprovement,andthepointwastoimprove,wasn'tit?

Thepointwastobebetter.

Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter“hastakenonadifferentmeaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,

andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecameunimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstopped

meaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfandfeelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstarted

gettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdidnot.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsand

simplydeletedyears'worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeandnowmeantnothing.

WhathasbeeverycleartomesinceIquittrackingmyrunsisthatIgenuinelylovedoingthem.Irunaround

mylocalparkwithasillylittlesmileonmyface.Iloveitsomuch.ButIdonotloverunningquickly.Idonotlike

races.Idonotwanttobepushedtobefaster.ThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeeland

howmymindfeelsafterwardsclearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthe

sunshine(OK,windandrain)onmyface.

Iambetter.OrsometimesIamworse.ButeitherwayI'mslowlyploddingalong,andthafsgoodenough.

24.Theauthorcriedafterthefinaltrainingrunbecauseshe.

A.hadtostopworkingoutB.becamephysicallywornout

C.lostthedataonthewatchD.feltasharppaininthelegs

25.Theauthorusedtoviewexercisetrackingas______

A.afunhobbyforenjoymentB.astrongneedforrecognition

C.amethodofescapingpunishmentD.awayofbeingabetterrunner

26.Whatdoes“beingbetter“meantotheauthornow?

A.Gettingpleasureoutofwinningraces.B.Beingmorefocusedonherlifegoal.

C.Freeingherselffromdemandingtasks.D.Improvingheroverallwellbeing.

27.Whatcanweconcludefromthispassage?

A.Adjustmentbringshappiness.B.Passionisthekeytosuccess.

C.Sportscontributetohappiness.D.Successequalsselfimprovement.

【答案】24.C25.D26.D27.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)執(zhí)著于通過運(yùn)動跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)來讓自己變得更好，但這也

導(dǎo)致作者變得不再快樂，于是作者刪除了手表上的運(yùn)動數(shù)據(jù)，開始專注于跑步時的感受，如今作者感到更

加快樂了。

【24題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段"Attheendofmyfinaltrainingrun—anexhausting21miles（34km）—Ithrewmyself

downonthefloorthemomentIgothome,onlytoseemywatchhadfailedme.Twentyonemilesbrieflyflashedon

thescreenbeforeitwentblankanddisappearedforever.Iscreamedinpain.Thattragicimageofmecryingonmy

livingroomfloorprettymuchsumsupmyrelationshipwithexercisetrackingtechnology.（在最后——次訓(xùn)練結(jié)束時

------段令人筋疲力盡的21英里（34公里）長跑一一我一回到家就一頭倒在地上，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)手表壞了。

21英里在屏幕上閃了一下，然后就消失了，永遠(yuǎn)消失了。我痛苦地尖叫起來。我在客廳地板上哭泣的悲慘

畫面基本上概括了我與運(yùn)動追蹤技術(shù)的關(guān)系）”可知，作者在最后一次訓(xùn)練后哭了，因為她丟失了手表上的

數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。

[25題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題o根據(jù)第三段“Itcanbeatotaljoytowatchyourdatachangeonrunningappsasyougetstronger

andfaster.Ioncegotakickoutofit,butatsomepointitbecameastickIusedtopunishmyself.Iwouldwatchmy

pace,pareitwithotherpeople;sorcriticizemyselffornotdoingit30secondsfaster.Ineverreallyrecognized

exercisetrackingasaproblem.Itseemedtomethattrackingwastheroutetoselfimprovement,andthepointwas

toimprove,wasn'tit?Thepointwastobebetter.（當(dāng)你變得更強(qiáng)壯、更快時，看著你的數(shù)據(jù)在運(yùn)行的應(yīng)用程序

上發(fā)生變化，這可能是一種完全的快樂。我曾經(jīng)很喜歡它，但在某種程度上，它成了我用來懲罰自己的棍

子。我會觀察自己的速度，和別人比較，或者批評自己沒有快30秒。我從未真正意識到運(yùn)動追蹤是個問

題。在我看來，跟蹤是自我提升的途徑，而重點(diǎn)是提高，不是嗎？關(guān)鍵是要變得更好）”可知，作者曾將運(yùn)

動跟蹤視為成為更好的跑步者的一種方式。故選D。

[26題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段aThingsInoticeaboutmyrunsnowinclude:howmylegsfeelandhowmymind

feelsafterwardsclearandfocused.Inoticedogs,thesmellofthewildplantsalongthecanalandthesunshine（OK,

windandrain）onmyface.俄現(xiàn)在跑步時注意到的事情包括：我的腿感覺如何，以及跑步后我的思維感覺如

何一一清晰而專注。我注意到狗，運(yùn)河邊野生植物的氣味和我臉上的陽光（好吧，風(fēng)雨））”可知，“變得

更好”現(xiàn)在對作者來說意味著改善她的整體幸福感。故選D。

[27題詳解】

推理判斷題o通讀全文,并根據(jù)第四段“Inthepastyear,theconceptof“beingbetter“hastakenonadifferent

meaning.Mymentalhealthdropped,andthingsthatwereonceeasysuchasbrushingmyteethbecame

unimaginablydifficult.Beingbetterstoppedmeaninggettingfasterorstronger.Itmeanttakingcareofmyselfand

feelingsomejoyinaday.OnceIstartedgettingbetter,Ireflectedonwhatinmylifemademehappyandwhatdid

not.So,Istoppedtrackingmyrunsandsimplydeletedyears9worthofdatathatwasonceveryimportanttomeand

nowmeantnothing.（在過去的一年里，“變得更好”的概念有了不同的含義。我的心理健康狀況下降了，以

前很容易的事情，比如刷牙，變得難以想象地困難。變得更好不再意味著變得更快或更強(qiáng)。這意味著要照

顧好自己，在一天中感受一些快樂。一旦我開始好轉(zhuǎn)，我就會反思生活中什么讓我快樂，什么讓我不快

樂。所以，我不再跟蹤我的跑步，只是刪除了多年來對我非常重要的數(shù)據(jù)，而現(xiàn)在這些數(shù)據(jù)對我來說毫無

意義）”可知，文章主要講述了作者曾經(jīng)執(zhí)著于通過運(yùn)動跟蹤數(shù)據(jù)來讓自己變得更好，但這也導(dǎo)致作者變得

不再快樂，于是作者刪除了手表上的運(yùn)動數(shù)據(jù)，開始專注于跑步時的感受，如今作者感到更加快樂了。由

此推知，我們可從文章得知調(diào)整帶來快樂。故選A。

C

Thepeoplewhohappentobeinacitycenteratanygivenmomentmayseemlikearandomcollectionof

individuals.Butnewresearchfeaturingasimplemathematicallawshowsthaturbantravelpatternsworldwideare,

infact,predictabledespitelocation.

Researchersdiscoveredwhatisknownasaninversesquarerelation（平方反比關(guān)系）betweenthenumberof

peopleinagivenurbanlocationandthedistancetheytraveledtogetthere,aswellashowfrequentlytheymadethe

trip.Itmayseemintuitive（直覺的）thatpeoplevisitnearbylocationsfrequentlyanddistantoneslessso,butthe

newlydiscoveredrelationaccuratelypredicts,forinstance,thatthenumberofpeopleingfromtwokilometersaway

fivetimesperweekwillbethesameasthenumberingfromfivekilometerstwiceaweek.

Theresearchersanalyzeddatafromabouteightmillionpeoplebetween2006and2013insixurbanlocations.

Thisstudyfocusedonlocationsandexaminedhowmanypeoplewerevisiting,fromhowfarandhowfrequently.

Theresearchersfoundthatalltheuniquechoicespeoplemake-fromdroppingkidsatschooltoshoppingobeythis

inversesquarelaw.

Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeandenergy,andpeoplehave

limitedresourcesforit.Atthecoreistheeffortthatpeoplearewillingtoinvestcollectivelytotraveltocertain

locations,tryingtooptimizetheirdays.

Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonlyforplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersor

publictransportationbutalsoformodelingdiseasetransmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographer

andmobilityresearcher.

Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith"gravitymodels”,whichassumethatmovementbetweencitiesis

proportional（成比例的）totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfortravelpatterswithincites——

informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmissionEpidemiologist（流行病學(xué)家）Sam

Scarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.

“Thoseorganizationalpatternshavereallyprofound（深遠(yuǎn)的）implicationsonhowCOVIDwillspread,“

Scarpinosays.Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocerystore,theentire

townwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthemunity.Butinabiggercity,the

spreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhatseparately.

28.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“optimize“inParagraph4probablymean?

A.Slowdown.B.Keeparecordof.

C.Thinkbackon.D.Makethemostof.

29.Whydoestheauthormention“gravitymodels^^inParagraph6?

A.Tointroducethetravelpatternswithincities.

B.Tostresstheimportanceoftrackingdiseases.

C.Toparetheurbanandruralinfectionrates.

D.Toshowtheadvantageoftheinversesquarelaw.

30.Whichofthefollowingcanbesupportedbythenewlydiscoveredlaw?

A.Diseasesspreadfasterinruralareasthanbigcities.

B.Tripdistanceseldominfluencespeople'stravelchoices.

C.Epidemicsarehardertodiscoverinbigcitiesthaninruralareas

D.Cityresidentsarelikelytomakefrequenttripstoadistantplace.

【答案】28.D29.D30.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述一項新研究，利用簡單數(shù)學(xué)定律預(yù)測全球城市旅行模式，并介紹

該定律的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。

【28題詳解】

詞義猜測題。根據(jù)第四段“Oneexplanationforthisstrongstatisticalpatteristhattravelingrequirestimeand

energy,andpeoplehavelimitedresourcesforit.（這種深刻的統(tǒng)計模式的一種解釋是，行走需要時間和精力，

而人們的資源有限。）”可知，人們的資源、時間和精力有限，所以人們要使他們的一天達(dá)到最優(yōu)化的效

果。故推知optimize的意思是“使最優(yōu)化”與makethemostof意義一致，故選D。

【29題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第六段“Manyresearchersestimatetravelwith"gravitymodels”,whichassumethat

movementbetweencitiesisproportional（成比低！]的）totheirpopulationsizes.Butthesemodelsdonotaccountfor

travelpatterswithincites-informationthatisparticularlycriticalindealingwithdiseasetransmission

Epidemiologist（流行病學(xué)家）SamScarpinosaysmodelsbasedonthisnewfindingmightbettertrackthatflow.

（許多研究人員使用“重力模型”來估計旅行，該模型假設(shè)城市之間的移動與其人口規(guī)模成比例的。但這些

模型沒有考慮到城市內(nèi)部的旅行。這些信息在處理疾病傳播時尤其重要。流行病學(xué)家SamScarpino表示，

基于這一新發(fā)現(xiàn)，可能會更好地跟蹤這種流動。）”可知，本段主要說明“重力模型”的缺點(diǎn)，它沒有考慮

到城市內(nèi)部的旅行，會對處理疾病傳播有影響。第五段^Understandingthesepatternsisimportantnotonly

forplanningtheplacementofnewshoppingcentersorpublictransportationbutalsoformodelingdisease

transmissionwithincities,saysKathleenStewart,ageographerandmobilityresearcher.（地理學(xué)家和移動性研究

員KathleenStewart說：“了解這些模式不僅對于規(guī)劃新購物中心或公共交通的布局很重要，而且對于模擬

城市內(nèi)的疾病傳播也很重要。說明了平方反比原理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。故推知，作者在第六段中提到gravity

models是為了展現(xiàn)重力模型的缺點(diǎn)及平方反比原理的優(yōu)點(diǎn)，故選D。

[30題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后——段“Inasmallerrurallocation,wheremanypeopleregularlygotothesamegrocery

store,theentiretownwillexperiencesharppeaksofinfectionsasthevirussweepsthroughthemunity.Butina

biggercity,thespreadtakeslongerheexplains,becauseminiepidemicscanoccurineachneighborhoodsomewhat

separately.（在一個較小的農(nóng)村地區(qū)，許多人經(jīng)常去同一家雜貨店，隨著病毒席卷整個社區(qū)，整個城鎮(zhèn)將經(jīng)

歷急劇的感染高峰。他解釋說：“但在一個更大的城市，傳播需要更長的時間，因為小型流行病可以輕微

地、單獨(dú)地發(fā)生在每個社區(qū)?！保?可知，病毒在農(nóng)村地區(qū)的傳播速度比在大城市傳播的速度快，故選A。

D

EarlierthisweektheonlineUKsupermarketOcadotolditscustomersthatithad“l(fā)imitedability^^todeliver

iceream.Why?Becausethepriceofnaturalgashasincreasedgreatly,whichhashitthesupplyofCO2intheUK.

Andthathasledtoacutinthesupplyofdryicethatsupermarketsusetokeepfoodcoolintheirdeliveryvans（小

型貨車）.Sonoicecream.

Thisminicrisishasbeenfairlyquicklyresolve,fornowatleast.However,thatdoesn'tmeanyoushouldn't

worry.Thisincidentservesasatimelyreminderofjusthowreliantweareonfossilfuels.Despiteouroptimistic

enthusiasmforwindandsolarpower,onewayoranotheroilandgasuseisshotthrougheverypartofoureconomic

andsociallives.Thatwillbethecaseformanydecadestoe.

InhisrecentlyupdatedbookThereisNoPlanetB,MikeBernersLeelaysoutthechallenge.Whenwetalk

aboutshiftingfromfossilfuelstocleanenergyofonekindoranother,wearen'tdiscussingtakingtheamountof

energyweusenowandproducingthatamountinadifferentway.Instead,ourtargetisalwaysonthemove.The

moreenergywecangetourhandson,themoreweuse——evenifouruseofitbeesmoreefficient.

Energyusageisgoingtokeeprising,whileenergytransitions(轉(zhuǎn)變)tendtobothtakeaverylongtimeand

neveractuallyend.Wejustpilenewsourcesontopofold.Theworldstillusesmuchthesameamountoftraditional

biomass(woodetc)asitdid100yearsago.Wearerunningtostandstill.Thiswillchange.Butnotasfastasyou

mightliketothink.In2019,33percentofournewpowergenerationneedsweremetbyrenewableenergy.Thafsa

start.But40percentweremetbynaturalgas.

There9surgencyhereofcourse-whichmightspeedthingsup.Butthereissomethingelsethatmightslowus

down.Itdidn'ttakemuchtomovepeopletofossilfuels-theyarerelativelyeasytoextract,relativelyeasyto

transport,hugelyenergydenseandefficientand,ofcourse,cheap.Untiltheirexternalitieswereunderstood,who

couldpossiblyhaveobjected?Ourcurrenttransitionisdifferent:peopleandpanieswillswitchnotbecausethenew

sourcesareeasiertoaccess,cheaperormoreenergydensebutbecauseregulationmandatesthattheymust.

Eitherway,thetruthisthatwhetherwelikeitornotourenergytransitioninvolveslongtermrelianceonfossil

fuels.Thatmeansweshouldstopdemolishingthem.Instead,weshouldfocusonmakingtheirextractioncleaner

andmoreefficientwhilewewaitfortheengineeringchallengesaroundarenewablesledfuturetobesolved.

Ifwedon'tdothis-if