2024高考英語考前基礎知識掃盲清單千萬不要錯過

2024高考英語考前基礎知識掃盲清單千萬不要錯過一基數詞1.十三

2.十五

3.十八

4.二十

5.三十

6.四十

7.五十

8.九十

答案：1.thirteen

2.fifteen

3.eighteen

4.twenty

5.thirty

6.forty

7.fifty

8.ninety二序數詞1.第四

2.第五

3.第八

4.第九

5.第十二

6.第十三

7.第十五

8.第十九

9.第二十

10.第三十

11.第四十

12.第五十

13.第九十

14.第一百

答案：1.fourth

2.fifth

3.eighth

4.ninth

5.twelfth

6.thirteenth

7.fifteenth

8.nineteenth

9.twentieth

10.thirtieth

11.fortieth

12.fiftieth

13.ninetieth

14.onehundredth三星期1.星期一

2.星期二

3.星期三

4.星期四

5.星期五

6.星期六

7.星期日

答案：1.Monday

2.Tuesday

3.Wednesday

4.Thursday

5.Friday

6.Saturday

7.Sunday四月份1.一月

2.二月

3.三月

4.四月

5.五月

6.六月

7.七月

8.八月

9.九月

10.十月

11.十一月

12.十二月

答案：1.January

2.February

3.March

4.April

5.May

6.June

7.July

8.August

9.September

10.October

11.November

12.December五常見不規(guī)則名詞的復數形式1.man

2.woman

3.goose

4.foot

5.tooth

6.child

7.fish

8.deer

9.sheep

10.mouse答案：1.men

2.women

3.geese

4.feet

5.teeth

6.children

7.fish

8.deer

9.sheep

10.mice六常用的介詞1.____acoldwinternight

2.____one’sownhand

3.____ahighprice4.____one’sown=byoneself5.____one’sarrival6.____thisway

7.____abookunderhisarm

8.showrespect____sb9.____thesewords10.____thisnews11.buysth____sb12.bringsth____sb13.writesth____apen14.speak____alowvoice15.can’topenthedoor____knowingthepassword16.____lowspirits17.drive____ahighspeed18.wait____awhile

19.____theInternet

20.haveaneffect____sth21.____Monday

22.____December

23.____5:45答案：1.on

2.in

3.at

4.on

5.on

6.in

7.with

8.for

9.with(說完這些話)

10.at(聽到這個消息）

11.for

12.with(帶上某物)

13.with

14.in

15.without

16.in

17.at

18.for

19.on

20.on

21.on

22.in

23.at七易錯的動詞-ing形式1.live

2.stop

3.study

4.teach5.write

6.lie

7.lay

8.die

9.carry答案：1.living

2.stopping

3.studying

4.teaching

5.writing

6.lying

7.laying

8.dying

9.carrying八?？疾灰?guī)則動詞的過去式和過去分詞1.put

2.set

3.read

4.go

5.take

6.come

7.make

8.get

9.bring

10.keep

11.hold

12.buy

13.think

14.teach

15.sell

16.catch

17.sit

18.spend

19.build

20.find

21.hear

22.tell

23.feel

24.break

25.know

26.grow

27.see

28.drive

29.draw

30.give

31.fall

32.write

33.ride

34.forbid

35.lie

36.lay

37.bear

38.begin

答案：1.put-put-put

2.set-set-set

3.read-read-read

4.go-went-gone

5.take-took-taken

6.come-came-come

7.make-made-made

8.get-got-got

9.bring-brought-brought

10.keep-kept-kept

11.hold-held-held

12.buy-bought-bought

13.think-thought-thought

14.teach-taught-taught

15.sell-sold-sold16.catch-caught-caught

17.sit-sat-sat18.spend-spent-spent

19.build-built-built

20.find-found-found

21.hear-heard-heard

22.tell-told-told

23.feel-felt-felt

24.break-broke-broken25.know-knew-known

26.grow-grew-grown

27.see-saw-seen

28.drive-drove-driven

29.draw-drew-drawn30.give-gave-given

31.fall-fell-fallen

32.write-wrote-written

33.ride-rode-ridden34.forbit-forbade-forbidden

35.lie(躺)-lay-lain

36.lay-laid-laid37.bear-bore-born38.begin-began-begun九不規(guī)則形副詞比較級和最高級1.good/well

2.bad/ill

3.many/much

4.little

5.old

6.far答案：1.

good/well-better-best

2.

bad/ill-worse-worst

3.

many/much-more-most

4.

little-less-least

5.

old-older/elder-oldest/eldest

6.

far-farther/further-farthest/furthest十常見形容詞的副詞形式1.happy

2.simple

3.whole

4.true

5.automatic

6.hurry

7.expect

8.increase

9.surprise

10.rude

11.wide

12.true

13.safe

14.gentle

15.probable/possible

16.simple

17.terrible答案：1.happily

2.simply

3.wholly

4.truly

5.automatically6.hurriedly

7.unexpectedly

8.increasingly

9.surprisingly10.rudely

11.widely

12.truly

13.safely

14.gently

15.probably/possibly

6.simply

17.terribly形副同形：1.gotoschoolearly/late

2.workhard

3.getclosetosb

4.climbhigh

5.gofar

6.runfast11代詞變化表12特殊的詞性轉換1.choose___________n.2.brave

___________n.3.advise

___________n.4.important

___________n.5.success

___________adj./v.6.fail

___________n.7.laugh

___________n.8.fortune

___________adv./n.(否)9.fly

___________n.10.like

___________vt.(否)/adj.11.behave

___________n.12.compare

___________n.13.die

___________n./adj.14.emphasize

___________n.15.analyze

___________n.16.describe

___________n.17.act

___________adj./n.18.anger/hunger

___________adj.19.discover

___________n.20.difficult

___________n.21.mistake

___________adj.22.lose

___________n.23.introduce

___________n.24.apologize

___________n.25.anxiety

___________adj.26.safe/cruel

adj.→n.

___________27.wise/free

adj.→n.

___________28.short/marry

adj./v.→n.

___________29.strong/long/grow/wide/dead

adj./v.→n.

___________30.argue

vt.→n.

___________31.real/similar/popular

adj.→n.

___________32.assist/participate/apply

v.→n.

___________33.determine/admire/explain

vt→n.

___________34.admit/permit

v.→n.

___________

答案：1.choice2.bravery3.advice4.importance5.successful/succeed6.failure7.laughter8.fortunately/misfortune9.flight10.dislike/likely11.behavior12.comparison13.death/dead14.emphasis15.analysis16.description17.active/action18.angry/hungry19.discovery20.difficulty21.mistaken22.loss23.introduction24.apology25.anxious26.safety/cruelty27.wisdom/freedom28.shortage/marriage29.strength/length/growth/width/death30.argument31.reality/similarity/popularity32.assistant/participant/applicant33.determination/admiration/explanation34.admission/permission13常用的否定前綴詞1.agree

2.cover

3.convenient

4.patient

5.use/mean/end/taste/hope

6.possible

7.correct

8.advantage

9.legal

10.polite

11.lead

12.understand答案：1.disagree2.uncover3.inconvenient4.impatient5.useless/meaningless/endless/tasteless/hopeless6.impossible7.incorrect8.disadvantage9.illegal10.impolite11.mislead12.misunderstand14語法易拼錯單詞1.是否

2.盡管

3.直到……

4.除非

5.因此

6.那時

7.比

8.在這

9.在上周三

10.一項活動

11.幫助他人

12.在網上答案：1.whether

2.though

3.until

4.unless

5.therefore

6.then

7.than

8.here

9.last

Wednesday

10.an

activity

11.helpothers

12.ontheInternet15寫作易拼錯單詞1.影響vt.________

效果n.________

努力n.________

2.想(過去式)vt.

________

盡管conj.________

通過prep.________3.測試n./v________

文本課本n.________

4.機會n.________

改變零錢n./vt.________5.獎n.________

價格n.________

6.東西n.________

想v.________7.三個人

________

8.經歷v./n.________

實驗n.________9.成功v.________

n.________

adj.________

10.健康n.________

adj.________11.誠實n.________

adj.________

12.重要n.________

adj.________13.病人n.________

耐心n.________

14.財富n.________

富有的adj.________15.吸引v.________

襲擊v.________

16.努力adv.________

幾不adv.________17.影響vt./n.________

adj.________

(infl…)

18.相信vt.________

信念n.________19.意識到vt.________

認出vt.________

20.出版vt.________

vi.________

懲罰vt.________21.提醒vt.________

維持v.________

22.建議vt.________

n.________23.信息n.________

新聞n.________

24.在某方面取得進步________25.為……做好準備

________

26.采取有效的措施做某事

________27.

……如下。________答案：1.affect/effect/effort2.thought/though/through

3.test/text

4.chance/change5.prize/price6.thing/think7.threepeople/threepersons

8.experience/experiment9.succeed/success/successful10.health/healthy11.honesty/honest12.importance/important13.patient/patience14.wealth/wealthy15.attract/attack16.studyhard/hardly17.influence/influential18.believe/belief19.realize/recognize20.publish/comeout/punish21.remindsbofsth/remaintobeseen22.advise/suggest/advice/suggestions23.information/news24.makeprogressin..25.makegoodpreparationsfor…26.takeeffectivemeasurestodosth

27.…beasfollows.16常見的中國式英語（改錯）1.Ioftenusemymobilephonetolistenmusic.2.Weusuallywaitbustogether.3.Allpredictionsdon’tcometrue.4.Whenyouareconvenient,pleasegivemeacall.5.Inthepast20yearsourschoolhastakenplacegreatchanges.6.Tangshanhappenedaterribleearthquakein1976.7.Therearefivestudentsaresleepingintheclassroom.8.Thisbookisbelongtomine.9.I’mveryeasytofindyourhouse.10.YesterdayIwenttohomeveryearly.11.Howmanypopulationdoes

China

have?12.Onthedistantmountainwasasign,whichwrote,”Noentrywithoutbeinginvited.”13.IthinkyouarenecessarytogotoBeijingbyyourself.14.Thewriterthroughhisownexperiencetotellusafact,”Parents’loveisunconditional.”15.SometimesQQcaninsteadoftelephonetochatwithfriends.答案：1.listen后加to

2.wait后加for

3.（本句式是部分否定）4.Whenitisconvenientforyou,

5.Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinourschoolinthepast20years.

6.AterribleearthquakehappenedinTangshanin1976.

7.第二個are去掉

8.Thisbookbelongstome.

9.It’sveryeasyformetofindyourhouse.

10.to去掉

11.WhatisthepopulationinChina?

12.whichread/said

13.IthinkitisnecessaryforyoutogotoBeijingbyyourself.

14.Thewritertellsusafactthroughhisownexperience…

15.insteadof改為replace/taketheplaceof一、名詞：1.特殊名詞的復數:child-children,man-men,woman-women,foot-feet,tooth-teeth,mouse-mice,sheep-sheep,species-species,stomach-stomachs,deer-deer,goose-geese,ox-oxen,Chinese-Chinese,Japanese-Japanese,phenomenon-phenomena,means-means,series-series,crisis-crises,basis-bases,German-Germans,Australian-Australians2.不可數名詞:advice,baggage,equipment,information,luggage,furniture,fun,weather,knowledge,jewelry,progress,traffic3.可數不可數均可，但意思不同:

arm手臂,arms武器;good好處,goods貨物;green綠色,greens蔬菜;paper紙,papers論文;sand沙,sands沙灘;time時間,times時代;water水,waters水域;wood木材,woods森林;work工作,works著作;experience經驗,experiences經歷;room空間,rooms房間;exercise鍛煉,exercises練習4.只有復數形式的名詞：trousers,clothes,socks,shorts,goods,thanks,congratulations,belongings,scissors,glasses,wages工資；riches財富；surroundings環(huán)境；ashes灰塵；compasses圓規(guī)5.復數形式，單數意思的名詞：plastics,news,politics,physics,mathematics6.復合名詞的復數形式:girl-friends,boy-students,women-teachers,men-workers,passers-by,go-betweens,grown-ups7.謂語動詞用復數的名詞:

police,cattle,clothes,goods8.抽象名詞具體化為可數名詞：surprise,cold,pleasure,pity,failure,success,worry,honor,must,difficulty,youth,beauty,wonder,danger,interest9.輔音字母+o結尾復數加-es的名詞：tomato-tomatoes,potato-potatoes,hero-heroes10.變“f”或“fe”為“v”之后再加-es為復數形式的名詞：wife-wives,life-lives,knife-knives,wolf-wolves,self-selves,leaf-leaves,shelf-shelves,thief-thieves11.特殊注意的名詞:

people(民族,人);nature(自然,特性);man(男人,人類)，youth(年輕人,青年男子,青春)12.特殊注意的搭配:

congratulations祝賀;havewordswithsb.同某人吵架;inhighspirits以很高熱情地;giveone’sregardstosb.向某人問侯;inrags衣衫破爛;Itisgoodmannerstodosth.有禮貌做某事

二、動詞時態(tài)和語態(tài)：1.?？紕釉~時態(tài)：(1)三個一般：一般現在時、一般過去式、一般將來時；(2)三個現在：現在進行時、現在完成時、現在完成進行時；(3)三個過去：過去進行時、過去完成時，過去完成進行時。2.現在進行時與頻度副詞always,allthetime,forever,constantly,continuously等詞連用，往往表贊揚、埋怨、氣憤或厭惡等情緒。Heisalwaysthinkingofhisstudy.(稱贊)Heisalwaysmakingthesamemistakes.(批評)3.某些表動向和起始的動詞begin,come,go,leave,sail,start,arrive,return,dine,end,stop,depart,open,close,sail等，當其表一個按計劃、安排下必將進行的動作或出現的狀態(tài)時(這時都有一個表示未來的時間狀語)要用一般現在時代替將來時。IleaveforDaliannextSunday.4.在時間、真實條件狀語從句中，用一般現在時代替一般將來時，(有時也用現在進行時代替一般將來時，顯得更確定)Whenhecomesback,we'llgoshoppingtogether.5.不能用被動語態(tài)的幾種情況(1)所有的不及物動詞或不及物動詞詞組不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。(2)表示狀態(tài)的動詞last,hold,benefit,contain,equal,fit,join,mean,last,looklike,consistof等不能用于被動語態(tài)中。(3)表示歸屬的動詞如have,own,belongto等不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。(4)表示“希望、意圖”的動詞如wish,want,hope,like,love,hate等不能用于被動語態(tài)之中。(5)賓語是反身代詞或相互代詞時謂語動詞用主動語態(tài)，不能用被動語態(tài)。(6)賓語是同源賓語、不定式、動名詞等時，謂語動詞不用被動語態(tài)。6.主動形式表被動意義(1)當feel,look,smell,taste,sound,remain等后面接形容詞時。(2)當break,burn,cook,cut,drive,eat,iron,keep,play,sell,last,open,shut,wear,wash,write,translate,print,run,read,operate等詞帶狀語修飾語well,easily,poorly等時。(3)當動詞begin,finish,start,open,close,stop,run等表示“開始、結束、關、停、轉、啟動”等意義時。(4)當breakout,takeplace,shutoff,turnoff,workout等表示“發(fā)生、關閉、制定”等意思時。(5)want,require,need,deserve后面的動名詞用主動表示被動含義。(6)beworthdoing用主動形式表示被動含義。(7)在“be+形容詞+todo”中，(常用于此結構的形容詞有：difficult,easy,hard,interesting,pleasant,nice,bitter,fit,dangerous,light,heavy,important等)不定式的邏輯賓語是句子的主語，用主動表被動。(8)某些不定式：toblame,toseek,tolet,torent等與be連用時Thehouseistolet.這房子要出租。(9)常見的不能用于被動語態(tài)的及物動詞或動詞短語有：fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watch,agreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,succeedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto等。7.被動形式表示主動意義的幾種情況(1)beseated坐著。如：Heisseatedonabench.(Heseatshimselfonabench.)坐在凳子上。(2)behidden躲藏。如：Hewashiddenbehindthedoor.(Hehidhimselfbehindthedoor.)他藏在門后。(3)belost迷路。如：Unsavedchangeswillbelost.未保存的更改將丟失。(4)bedrunk喝醉。如：Hemustbedrunk,orelseheismad.他準是醉了，不然就是瘋了。(5)bedressed穿著。如：Thegirlwasdressedinaredshortskirt.那女孩穿著一條紅色的短裙。注意：bedetermined,bepleased,begraduated(from),befinished,beprepared(for),beoccupied(in),getmarried等都屬于被動形式表示主動意義的情況。8.主動變被動時，賓補成主補，作補語的不定式前需用to。如:Hewasmadetoworkalldaylong(bytheboss).9.短語動詞變被動語態(tài)時，勿丟掉后面的介詞。如：Thechildrenweretakengoodcareof(byher).Yourpronunciationandspellingshouldbepaidattentionto.10.情態(tài)動詞和begoingto,beto,besureto,usedto,haveto,hadbetter等結構變被動語態(tài)時,只需將它們后面的動詞原形變?yōu)閎e+過去分詞。11.表被動意義的介詞短語underexamination在審查中,underdiscussion在討論中,underrepair維修中,beyondbelief難以置信,beyondone’scontrol失控,beyondone’sreach鞭長莫及/夠不著,forsale出售,forrent出租,inprint印刷中,insight看得見,inuse在使用中,outofcontrol控制不了,outoffashion不流行,onsale銷售中,onshow在展出中,inthechargeof受制于,undertheleadershipof在……的領導下等。12.“with+賓語+不定式”結構中，不定式用主動式表被動。Withnothingtodo,Ifeelbored.

三、非謂語動詞1.非謂語動詞的各種形式：一般式完成式進行式不定式主動to

doto

havedoneto

bedoing被動to

bedoneto

havebeendoneto

havebeendoinging形式主動doinghaving

done被動being

donehaving

beendone過去分詞被動done

2.非謂語動詞的否定形式:

在非謂語動詞前加not,never.即not/nevertodo,not/neverdoing3.非謂語動詞的復合結構不定式的復合結構：for/ofsb.todosth.動名詞復合結構：代詞賓格或名詞所有格+doing(-ing形式作主語時,用代詞主格或名詞所有格＋doing)分詞獨立結構：代詞主格或名詞+doing/done(句中作狀語表時間、原因、伴隨、讓步、方式等)4.非謂語動詞的做題步驟(1)判定是否用非謂語形式。方法：看看句子中是否已有了謂語動詞;(2)找非謂語動詞的邏輯主語。方法：非謂語動詞的邏輯主語一般是句子的主語;(3)判斷主被動關系。方法：非謂語動詞與其邏輯主語的主動還是被動關系;(4)判斷時間關系。方法：分析句子，看非謂語動詞所表示的動作發(fā)生在謂語動作之前、之后還是同時。之前且表被動關系常用done;之后且表主動關系常用todo;同時且表主動關系常用doing.5.不定式符號to的保留問題有時為了避免重復，可以用to來代替前面的不定式，這種情況出現在下列動詞之后：expect,hope,wish,mean,prefer,care,forget,want,try；或出現在beglad/happy,wouldlike/love等的后面。如果在省略的不定式結構中含有：be,have,havebeen這些詞要保留。6.在therebe結構中，當說話人考慮的是必須有人去完成某件事時，不定式用主動形式；如果說話人強調的事情本身必須被完成，則用被動形式。如：Thereisalotofworktodo.(Someonehastodothework.)Thereisalotofworktobedone.(Theworkhastobedone.)注意:下面兩個句子的含義的不同Thereisnothingtodo.(無事可做，感到十分乏味。)Thereisnothingtobedone.(某東西壞了，無法使之恢復正常。)7.動名詞作主語動名詞或不定式都可以在句中作主語，但在下列句型中常用動名詞作主語。Itis/wasnouse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasnotanyuse/good+doingsth.Itis/wasoflittleuse/good+doingsth.如：Itis/wasuseless如：Itisnousecryingoverspiltmilk.覆水難收。注意:若主語和表語都是非謂語動詞，應保持形式上的一致如：Seeingisbelieving.Toseeistobelieve.眼見為實。8.分詞作狀語

分詞作狀語時,分詞的邏輯主語必須與句子的主語保持一致,可以表時間、原因、結果、條件、讓步、行為方式、伴隨狀況等。如：Hearingthenews,theygotexcited.(時間)

Becarefulwhile/whencrossingthestreet.(時間)Havingbeenbittenbyasnake,shewasfrightenedatit.(原因)Givenachance,Icansurprisetheworld.(條件)Thecupdroppedtotheground,breakingintopieces.(結果)Havingbeentoldmanytimes,hestillrepeatedthesamemistake.(讓步)Theteachercameintothelab,followedbysomestudents.(伴隨狀況)

9.獨立成分有些分詞短語,其形式的選擇不受上下文的影響,稱作獨立成分。常見的有,Generallyspeaking…一般說來;Franklyspeaking…坦白地說;Judgingfrom…根據……來判斷;Considering…考慮到……;Totellyouthetruth…說實話;10.不定式作表語在seem/appear(似乎,好像),prove/turnout(被證明是),remain(仍然是,尚待)等連系動詞后,可用不定式作表語。如：Heseemed(tobe)veryhappy.11.動詞不定式在介詞but,otherthan后面時,如果介詞之前有行為動詞do的某種形式,那么介詞后的不定式不帶to,否則就要帶to。另外在can’tchoosebut,can’thelpbut,can’tbut后面的不定式也要省略to。如:Wecoulddonothingbut/otherthanwait.

Wehavenochoicebuttowait.

Ican’tchoosebutlaugh.

四、形容詞1.不規(guī)則形容詞與副詞：far,late,old,bad,ill,many,much,good,well,little2.只修飾可數名詞的有：few,afew,many,agreat/goodmany,alargenumberof…3.只修飾不可數名詞的有：little,alittle,much,alargeamountof,agreat/gooddealof…4.可數不可數都可修飾的有：alotof,lotsof,plentyof,alargequantityof,largequantitiesof5.beveryimportant=beofgreatimportance6.只作表語的形容詞：abroad國外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,fond喜歡的7.習慣后置的形容詞:

enough充足的,included包括的,present出席的,left剩下的,involved有關的,abroad國外的,afraid害怕的,ahead向前的,alike相似的,alive在世的,asleep睡著的,awake醒著的,deep深的,long長的,high高的,thick厚的,old老的,thin薄的,wide寬的,narrow窄的,junior年少的,senior年長的8.形似副詞的形容詞friendly,manly,womanly,brotherly,sisterly,wifely,comradely,husbandly,timely,hourly,daily,weekly,yearly,monthly,quarterly,early,silly,ugly,lovely,likely,lively,lonely,sickly,homely,worldly

五、副詞1.有無-ly意思不同的副詞wide寬的,widely廣泛地;

deep深的,deeply深刻地;

high高的,highly高度地;

direct直接地,directly立刻;close親近的,closely緊密地;

near附近,nearly幾乎;

hard難,hardly幾乎不;

most大多數,mostly主要地;dear可愛,dearly非常;

late遲,lately最近;

bad壞,badly非常;

low低的,lowly卑賤地;fine很好地,finely細微地;

easy小心,easily容易地;sharp恰好,sharply急劇地;

pretty相當,prettily漂亮地2.形容詞變副詞時的拼寫變化particular-particularly特別的,beautiful-beautifully美麗的,possible-possibly可能的,true-truly真實的,full-fully滿的,scientific-scientifically科學的,easy-easily容易的,good-well好的3.無比較等級的形容詞或副詞alive,asleep,aloud,awake,foreign,main,final,junior,complete,double,square,correct,enough,fearless,alone,total,empty,right,wrong,impossible,favourite,excellent,last,perfect,whole,superior(優(yōu)越),inferior(較劣的),unique(唯一的),wooden(木制的),senior(高級的)

六、代詞1.不定代詞:all,any,none,both,either,neither;other,another;some,any;little,few;something,anyt