2025屆高三英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí) 語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)（五）（3篇含答案）

語(yǔ)法填空專(zhuān)項(xiàng)練習(xí)閱讀下面的短文，在空白處填入一個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。Passage1Someofthebeststrategiesfor1.___________(reduce)thechancesofdevelopingdementiaare,toputitkindly,impracticable.Don'tgrowold;don'tbeawoman;chooseyourparents2.___________(careful).Butalthougholdageremainsbyfarthebiggestriskfactor,womenaremoreatriskthanmenandsomegeneticinheritancesmakedementiamorelikelyorevenalmostinevitable,the3.___________(late)researchsuggeststhatasmanyas45%of4.________(case)ofdementiaarepreventable—oratleastthattheironsetcanbe5.___________(delay).The6.__________(modify)riskfactorsincludesmoking,obesity,physicalinactivity,highbloodpressure,diabetesanddrinkingtoomuchalcohol(seechart).The7.__________(best)waytoreducetheriskofdevelopingdementia8.__________toleadwhathaslongbeenconsideredtobea9._________(health)life:avoidingtobaccoandtoomuchalcoholandtakingplentyofexercise(butavoidingthoseformsofitthatinvolverepeatedblowstotheheadorboutsofconcussion,alist10.__________includesboxing,Americanfootball,rugbyandlacrosse).Passage1答案：reducingCarefullylatestcasesDelayedmodifiablebestishealthywhichPassage1譯文：委婉地說(shuō)，一些減少患癡呆癥幾率的最佳策略是不切實(shí)際的。不要變老；不要做女人；仔細(xì)選擇你的父母。但是，盡管老年仍然是目前最大的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素，女性比男性更容易患癡呆癥，而且一些基因遺傳使癡呆癥更容易發(fā)生，甚至幾乎不可避免，但最新的研究表明，多達(dá)45%的癡呆癥病例是可以預(yù)防的，或者至少可以推遲發(fā)病。可改變的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素包括吸煙、肥胖、缺乏運(yùn)動(dòng)、高血壓、糖尿病和酗酒（見(jiàn)圖表）。減少患癡呆癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的最好方法是過(guò)一種長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)被認(rèn)為是健康的生活：不吸煙，不酗酒，多做運(yùn)動(dòng)（但要避免反復(fù)撞擊頭部或腦震蕩的運(yùn)動(dòng)，包括拳擊、美式足球、橄欖球和長(zhǎng)曲棍球）。Italsomeanshavingagooddiet,definedinonestudycitedbythecommissionas:"Eatatleastthreeweeklyservingsofalloffruit,vegetablesandfish;rarelydrinksugar-sweeteneddrinks;rarelyeatpreparedmeatlikesausagesorhavetakeaways."SoitisnotsurprisingthatLDLcholesterolhasbeenaddedtoitsnot-to-dolist.Itisalsoimportanttoexercisethebrain:bylearningamusicalinstrumentoraforeignlanguage,forexample—orevenbydoingcrosswordandsudokupuzzles.Somephysicalailmentsdonotbringheightenedrisksofcardiovasculardiseaseorcancerbuthavebeenshowntomakedementiamorelikely.Oneisuntreatedhearingloss.TheLancetcommission'sreportfrom2020concludedthiswasthebiggestofits12riskfactors,aconclusionsharedbythislateststudy.Peoplewithhearinglossareabouttwiceaslikelyasotherstodevelopdementia.Thewideravailabilityanduseofhearingaidswouldprobablybethesingleinterventionmosteffectiveinreducingtheincidenceofdementia.Itisalsonotsurprisingthateyesightproblemshavebeenaddedtothelatestdementia-riskslist.Itisunclearwhyimpairedhearingandvisionshouldhavesuchanimpactontheriskofdementia.Oneideaisthattheyallhaveacommoncause.Thathearingaidsareveryeffectiveinprotectingagainstdementia,however,arguesagainstthattheoryfordeafness.Diabetes,however,isariskfactorforbothfailingeyesightanddementia.Othersspeculatethatpeoplestrainingtounderstandwhatissaidtothemortonavigateaworldmadehazybypooreyesightsufferadebilitatingincreased"cognitiveload".Itmayalsobethattheseproblemsinhibitpeople'ssociallivesandmakethemlonelier.Socialisolationanddepressionarealsoimportantriskfactors.這還意味著要有良好的飲食習(xí)慣，委員會(huì)引用的一項(xiàng)研究將其定義為：“每周至少吃三次水果、蔬菜和魚(yú)；很少喝含糖飲料；很少吃熟食，比如香腸或外賣(mài)?！币虼?，低密度脂蛋白膽固醇被列入“不做清單”也就不足為奇了。鍛煉大腦也很重要：例如，通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)一種樂(lè)器或一門(mén)外語(yǔ)，甚至通過(guò)做填字游戲和數(shù)獨(dú)游戲。一些身體上的疾病不會(huì)增加患心血管疾病或癌癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，但已被證明更有可能導(dǎo)致癡呆。一種是未經(jīng)治療的聽(tīng)力損失?！读~刀》委員會(huì)2020年的報(bào)告得出結(jié)論，這是12個(gè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素中最大的一個(gè)，這項(xiàng)最新研究也得出了同樣的結(jié)論。聽(tīng)力損失的人患癡呆癥的可能性是其他人的兩倍。助聽(tīng)器的廣泛使用可能是減少癡呆癥發(fā)病率最有效的單一干預(yù)措施。視力問(wèn)題被列入最新的癡呆癥風(fēng)險(xiǎn)清單也不足為奇。目前還不清楚為什么聽(tīng)力和視力受損會(huì)對(duì)癡呆癥的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)產(chǎn)生如此大的影響。一種想法是，他們都有一個(gè)共同的原因。然而，助聽(tīng)器在預(yù)防癡呆癥方面非常有效，這與耳聾的理論相矛盾。然而，糖尿病是導(dǎo)致視力下降和癡呆的危險(xiǎn)因素。另一些人推測(cè)，人們努力理解別人對(duì)他們說(shuō)的話，或者因?yàn)橐暳Σ患讯谝粋€(gè)模糊的世界里航行，他們?cè)馐芰艘环N令人衰弱的“認(rèn)知負(fù)荷”的增加。也可能是這些問(wèn)題抑制了人們的社交生活，使他們更加孤獨(dú)。社會(huì)孤立和抑郁也是重要的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)因素。Passage2Crammingallthelearningintoonenightbeforetheexam1._________(usual)doesn’twork.Youmemorizethingsalotbetterifyoulearnthemrepeatedly,overmultiple2.___________(session).What’sinterestingisthatthisistrueevenifthetotalamountoflearningstaysthesame:youspendthesametimestudyingoverall,3.__________createasuperiormemoryifthetrainingisspacedintime.Ifyouthinkaboutit,it’snotobvious4.___________that’sthecase.Computers,forexample,don’tcareifyoufeedtheminformationinonegoorinmultiplesittings—whattheylearniswhattheylearn,regardlessofthetiming.What’s5.__________(difference)aboutourbrains?Ournewstudy,6.__________thisweekinNatureCommunications,showsthatit’snotactuallyaboutthebrain,perse.Thispropertyofmemory,calledthespacingeffect,turnsouttobebuiltintotheveryfabricofourbody.Evenkidneycellslearnbetterandcreate7.________(lasting)memoriesfromspacedrepetition.Whatdoesitevenmeanforakidneycelltolearnandhavememory?

Consider8._________(one)howmemories9._________(store)inthebrain,fromaperspectiveof10.________braincell,aneuron.Passage2答案：UsualSessionsbutwhydifferentpublishedmorelastingfirstarestoredaPassage2譯文：把所有的學(xué)習(xí)都塞進(jìn)考試前的一個(gè)晚上通常是行不通的。如果你通過(guò)多次學(xué)習(xí)反復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)，你就能更好地記住它們。有趣的是，即使學(xué)習(xí)總量保持不變，情況也是如此：您總體上花費(fèi)相同的時(shí)間學(xué)習(xí)，但如果訓(xùn)練間隔時(shí)間，則可以創(chuàng)建出色的記憶力。如果你仔細(xì)想想，就不明白為什么會(huì)這樣。例如，計(jì)算機(jī)并不關(guān)心你是一次性還是多次向計(jì)算機(jī)提供信息——它們學(xué)到的就是它們學(xué)到的，無(wú)論時(shí)間如何。我們的大腦有什么不同？我們的新研究本周發(fā)表在《自然通訊》上，表明它實(shí)際上與大腦本身無(wú)關(guān)。記憶的這種特性被稱(chēng)為間隔效應(yīng)，事實(shí)證明它內(nèi)置于我們身體的結(jié)構(gòu)中。甚至腎細(xì)胞也能通過(guò)間隔重復(fù)學(xué)習(xí)得更好并創(chuàng)造更持久的記憶。對(duì)于腎細(xì)胞來(lái)說(shuō)，學(xué)習(xí)和記憶意味著什么？首先從腦細(xì)胞、神經(jīng)元的角度考慮記憶是如何存儲(chǔ)在大腦中的。Passage3Toaneuron,humanexperienceisacomplexpatternofchemicalsspreadintime—neurotransmitterssenttoit1.___________otherneurons.Neuronsdistinguishbetweenfinetimepatterns2.___________changepartsof3._____________(they)inresponse.Forexample,aslowpulsationofincomingneurotransmittersmightcauseaneuron’sinputendingstoshrink,whereasafastpulsationmightcausethem4.________(grow).That’s5._________“typical”memoryis—animprintleftonourbrain’sneuronsbyaspecifictimepatternofchemicals.Inonestudy,forexample,insulin-secretingcellsfromthepancreas6.________(show)tohaveashort-termmemoryofapastmeal.Insulinisahormonethat’sreleasedinresponsetosugarenteringthebloodstream,7.__________(cause)thissugartobeabsorbedbythebody’s8.__________(cell)andstoredforfutureuse.Ifyou9._________(artificial