《植物病蟲害綠色防控技術(shù)》課件-六、粘蟲綠色防控(雙語(yǔ)版)

六粘蟲綠色防控

VIGreenPreventionandControlofArmyworm

（一）發(fā)生與危害

Occurrenceandhazard

粘蟲俗稱五彩蟲、行軍蟲等，隸屬于鱗翅目夜蛾科，是一種偏愛(ài)禾本科植物的多食性害蟲，大爆發(fā)年份給農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)帶來(lái)巨大損失，被列入我國(guó)農(nóng)作物重大害蟲。

Armyworms,commonlyknownascolorfulwormsandmarchingworms,belongtotheNoctuidaefamilyofLepidoptera.TheyarepolyphagouspeststhatpreferPoaceaeplants.Intheyearoflargeoccurrence,theywillbringhugelossestoagriculturalproduction.Therefore,theyarelistedasmajorcroppestsinChina.（二）形態(tài)識(shí)別

MorphologicalRecognition1、成蟲

Imago

黃褐色，雄蛾的體色要比雌蛾要深一些。復(fù)眼紅褐色，觸角絲狀，在前翅中央近前緣處有2個(gè)近似圓形的淡黃色斑塊，外側(cè)圓斑下方有1個(gè)小白點(diǎn)。Yellowishbrown,thebodycolorofmalemothsisdarkerthanthatoffemalemoths.Thecompoundeyesarereddish-brown,andtheantennaearefilamentous.Thereare2nearlyroundpaleyellowspotsneartheanteriormargininthecenteroftheforewings,and1smallwhitedotbelowthelateralroundspots.2、卵

Egg

呈饅頭形，稍帶光澤，直徑約0.5mm，通常單層排列呈條狀或塊狀；初產(chǎn)時(shí)白色，漸變?yōu)辄S色至褐色，孵化時(shí)變成黑色。Theeggsofarmywormsaresteamedbun-shaped,slightlyglossy,about0.5mmindiameter,usuallyarrangedinstripsorblocksinasinglelayer;whentheyarefirstlaid,theyarewhite,graduallyturnyellowtobrown,andturnblackwhentheyarehatched.3、幼蟲

Larva

共6齡，老熟幼蟲體長(zhǎng)約38mm。體色變化較大，頭部黃褐色，沿蛻裂線有棕黑色“八”字紋。Thereare6instarsintotal,thematurelarvaeareabout38mmlong.Thebodycolorvariesgreatly.Theheadisyellowish-brown,withbrownish-black"reversedeight"linesalongthemetamorphosisline.3、幼蟲

Larva體表上有五條黑白色縱紋，其中背中線較細(xì)、白色，兩側(cè)有細(xì)黑線；對(duì)稱分布身體兩側(cè)的四條縱紋較寬。腹足基部外側(cè)有黑褐色斑。

Therearefiveblackandwhitelongitudinallinesonthebodysurface,ofwhichthemidlineofthebackisthinandwhite,withthinblacklinesonbothsides.Thefourlongitudinallinessymmetricallydistributedonbothsidesofthebodyarewide.Therearedarkbrownspotsontheoutersideofthebaseofgastropods.4、蛹

Pupa

體長(zhǎng)20mm，紅褐色，有光澤。腹部背面第5～7節(jié)近前緣有馬蹄形刻紋。尾刺3對(duì)，中間的1對(duì)大而直，兩側(cè)的細(xì)小而彎曲。Thepupais20mmlong,reddish-brown,andglossory.Therearehorseshoe-shapedindentationsonthe5thto7thsegmentsoftheabdominaldorsalsurfaceneartheanteriormargin.Therearethreepairsoftailspines,onepairinthemiddleislargeandstraight,andthetwosidesaretinyandcurved.（三）發(fā)生規(guī)律

OccurrenceRegularity1、粘蟲生活史Lifehistoryofarmyworm（1）世代歷期Stafes

粘蟲完成一代需要40-50天Ittakes40-50daystocompleteagenerationofarmyworm1、粘蟲生活史

Lifehistoryofarmyworm（2）發(fā)生世代

Generations

國(guó)內(nèi)發(fā)生2-8代，在川渝兩地1年發(fā)生5～6代。2–8generationsoccurinChina,and5–6generationsoccurinSichuanandChongqinginayear.2、粘蟲的生活習(xí)性

Livinghabitsofarmyworm

（1）幼蟲習(xí)性

Larvalhabits幼蟲喜歡溫暖潮濕的環(huán)境，最適宜的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育溫度為15-25℃，相對(duì)濕度是85%。

Thelarvaepreferawarmandhumidenvironment.Themostsuitabletemperatureforgrowthanddevelopmentis15–25°C,andtherelativehumidityis85%.畏光性假死性暴食性（2）化蛹習(xí)性

Pupationhabits幼蟲在植株附近表土下1-3cm處筑土室化蛹。蛹發(fā)育的最適溫度為15-20℃，土壤濕度在10-15%的情況下最有利于蛹的發(fā)育。Thelarvaepupateinasoilchamber1-3cmbelowthetopsoilneartheplant.Theoptimaltemperatureforpupaldevelopmentis15–20°C,andthesoilhumidityis10–15%,whichismostconducivetopupaldevelopment.（3）成蟲習(xí)性

Imagohabits

補(bǔ)充營(yíng)養(yǎng)Supplementnutrition喜甜酸味Prefersweetandsour趨光性Phototaxis遷飛性Migration四、防治技術(shù)

粘蟲具有遠(yuǎn)距離遷飛習(xí)性，各發(fā)生區(qū)又互為蟲源地，必須注意了解異地蟲源和本地蟲源的動(dòng)態(tài)，有條件的地方可以利用誘蛾器誘集成蟲和谷草把誘集成蟲產(chǎn)卵，根據(jù)誘集成蟲和卵塊的數(shù)量預(yù)測(cè)發(fā)生量。如果田間幼蟲數(shù)量較多，要采取果斷措施將幼蟲消滅在3齡以前。Armywormshavethehabitoflong-distancemigration,andoccurrenceareasaresourcesofeachother.Itisnecessarytopayattentiontounderstandingthedynamicsofbothexternalandlocalsources.Whenconditionsaremet,mothtrapscanbeusedtolureimagoesandusegraingrasstolureimagoestolayeggs,andtheoccurrenceamountcanbepredictedaccordingtothenumberofluredimagoesandeggmasses.Iftherearealargenumberoflarvaeinthefield,decisivemeasuresshallbetakenintimetoeliminatethelarvaebeforethe3rdinstar.蟲源數(shù)量是黏蟲能否大發(fā)生的主要依據(jù)，預(yù)測(cè)的方法：①利用黏蟲誘蛾器誘集成蟲，3天累計(jì)成蟲300頭以上可能大發(fā)生。配方是白酒：水：紅糖：醋的比例為1：2：3：4（每份為125g），加12.5g的晶體敵百蟲。每塊地設(shè)2盆，3d加半量，5d換一次，檢查誘集到的成蟲數(shù)量。②利用谷草把誘卵，三根谷草為一把，每塊地20把，每3d更換一次，檢查卵塊及卵粒數(shù)。Thenumberofpestsourcesisthemainbasisforthelargeoccurrenceofarmyworm.Predictionmethod:①Usearmywormtrapstotrapimagoes,andmorethan300imagoestrappedin3daysindicatethepossibilityofthelargeoccurrence.Theformulaisliquor:water:brownsugar:vinegarintheratioof1:2:3:4(125gperpiece),andadd12.5gofcrystaltrichlorfon.Set2potsforeachplot,addhalfin3days,andreplaceinevery5days;checkthenumberofimagoestrapped.②Usethegraingrasstolureimagoestolayeggs.Takethreepiecesofgraingrassasabundle,put20bundlesineachplot,andreplaceevery3days;checktheeggmassandthenumberofeggs.（1）農(nóng)業(yè)防治

Agriculturalcontrol

如果第1代幼蟲發(fā)生量較大，第2、3代黏蟲發(fā)生區(qū)，結(jié)合夏收夏種及時(shí)耕耙及中耕除草，清除草害，減少黏蟲食源，同時(shí)將部分幼蟲翻人土中，不利于幼蟲的化蛹和消滅一部分蛹。Iftheoccurrenceofthefirstgenerationoflarvaeislarge,intheoccurrenceareasofthe2ndand3rdgenerationsofarmyworm,timelyploughing,harrowingandintertillageandweedingshallbecarriedoutincombinationwithsummerharvestandsummerplantingtoremoveweedsandreducethefoodsourcesofarmyworm.Besides,somelarvaewillbeturnedintothesoil,whichisnotconducivetothepupationoflarvaeandwilleliminatesomepupae.（2）人工防治

Artificialcontrol

①人工采卵、捕殺幼蟲，能在短期內(nèi)壓低蟲口密度；還可利用草把誘卵，在成蟲產(chǎn)卵盛期前，選葉片完好的稻草、高梁干葉、玉米干葉10～20根扎成小把插在田中，500～800個(gè)/hm2，3d更換1次，可將黏蟲密度壓低50％左右。①M(fèi)anualeggcollectionandlarvaekillingcanreducethepopulationdensityinashorttime;grassbundlescanalsobeusedtotrapimagoestolayeggs.Beforethepeakperiodofoviposition,select10–20piecesofintactstraws,driedsorghumleaves,anddriedcornleavesandtiethemintobundlesandinserttheminthefield,500–800bundles/hm2,andreplacethemonceevery3days,whichcanreducethearmywormdensitybyabout50%.②糖餌誘殺，成蟲盛發(fā)期進(jìn)行誘殺，配方I為糖醋灑誘殺劑即白酒：水：紅糖：醋的比例為1：2：3：4（每份為125g），加12.5g的晶體敵百蟲；配方II為酒糟誘殺劑（酒糟1份，醋2份，水8份，另加上述總量0.1％的敵百蟲），每畝放置l～5個(gè)誘殺盆。②Sugarbaitcanbeusedfortrappingandkillingduringthefullincidenceperiodofimagoes.FormulaI:sweetandsoursprinklingtrappingandkillingagent,i.e.liquor:water:brownsugar:vinegarintheratioof1:2:3:4